1、Sandstorms in Asia,Grammar1,Module 4,定义,练习,构成,用法,动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能独立作谓语，但它仍保持动词的特点，既可以有自己的宾语和状语。,动词不定式 的构成：to+动词原形,Infinitive,动词不定式具有名词、形词副词的特征。因此在句中可以主语、表语、宾语、补足语语状语。,动词不定式的用法,1.作主语,(1)把不定式置于句首e.g.To say is one thing;to do is another.,(2)用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后 Its important to do it
2、right away.,动词不定式作主语时句子有以下两种:,常用句式有：, Itbe名词to do Its our duty to take good care of the old. It takes sb+some time+to do How long did it take you to finish thework?,Itbe形容词for sbto do It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour. It seems形容词to do It seemed impossi
3、ble to save money,常用句式有：,2.作表语：,e.g. What you should is to leave here at once.,The problem is how to do it.,e.g. I want to buy something for him .,I dont know what to do next.,3.作宾语：,后面能接不定式作宾语的动词有：agree, ask, choose, decide, forget, hope,learn, want, wish, would like等。如：,动词不定式作宾语的注意事项:,1有些动词既可跟不定式作
4、宾语，也可跟动名词作宾语，但含义不同：remember to do 记住要做某事；remember doing 记得曾经做过某事 forget to do忘记要做某事 forget doing 忘记曾经做过某事,stop to do 停下来去做某事 stop doing 停止做某事go on to do 继续做另一件事 go on doing 继续做原来在做的事I remember seeing you somewhere before. 我记得以前在哪儿见过你。Please remember to turn off the light whenyou leave. 离开时请记得关好灯。,动词
5、不定式作宾语的注意事项:,2不定式作宾语时，如带有宾语补足语，则要把不定式放到后面，用it作形式宾语，构成“主语+动词+it+宾补（形容词、名词）+不定式”结构。如： He found it very difficult to get to sleep. 他发现很难入睡。,动词不定式作宾语的注意事项:,4 补足语：,e.g.He asked me to wait for him for a while.,My father lets me go out alone at night.,(1) 宾语补足语：,注意：A.后面能接to不定式作宾语补足语的动词有： ask, order, teach,
6、 tell, want, wish, help等。,B.使役动词let, have, make及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel等要以不带to的不定式作宾补。 但变为被动语态后要补出来 I was seen to enter the bank.,I saw him come downstairs.我看见他下了楼。（说明他下楼了这件事）I saw him coming downstairs.我看见他在下楼。（说明他下楼时的情景）,C.感官动词后既可跟不带to的不定式作宾补， 也可跟v-ing作宾补，前者表示动作的全部 过程已结束；后者表示动作正在进行。,(1)
7、 宾语补足语：,(2)主语补足语：,I was asked to help him with his lessons.She was made to give up drinking.,5 作定语（位于名词或代词之后）：,e.g. Do you have anything to say?,Have you got the permission to use the computer ?,6 作状语（目的、结果、原因等）：,We eat to live; we dont live to eat.,目的状语,We went to see him only to find him out.,结果状语
8、,e.g.We are glad to see you.,原因状语,在tooto do ;adj./adv. + enough to do结构中作结果状语；在in order to ;so as to 结构中作目的状语；在be + adj. +to do 中作原因或方式状语。,e.g. He is old enough to go to school.,He got up early so as to catch the bus.,Im sorry to hear that.,6 作状语（目的、结果、原因等）：,被动语态,主动语态,to study,to be studied,to be st
9、udying,一般式,进行式,完成式,to have studied,to have been studied,动词不定式的时态和语态不定式的时态和语态变化表,1.一般式：一般式表示的动词，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。如： It takes only a few hours to go to Beijing from Singapore by plane.（同时） I hope to see you again. = I hope that Ill see you again.（后来）,动词不定式的时态：,判断不定式用哪种时态，就看不定式的动作和谓语动词的动
10、作发生的先后关系。,2. 进行式： 表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。如：He seems to be eating something.When the boss came in, the worker pretended to be working very hard.,动词不定式的时态：,Im sorry to have troubled you so much.(= Im sorry that I have troubled you so much.) He pretended not to have seen me before.(= He pretended that
11、 he had not seen me before),3. 完成式：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。,We planed to have started the work at the begin-ning of the month. 我们原计划在本月初开始工作。（但事实没有开始） He wished to have finished his homework last night.他原想在昨晚做完作业。（但结果没做完）,注意： 在表示“希望、需要”等含义的动词, 如： wish, hope, expect, intend, mean, plan等的过去式之后跟不定式的完成时，表明不
12、定式的行为并没有实现。如：,The meeting to be held tomorrow is about how to stop the pollution.句中to be held与逻辑主语meeting关系为被动关系 Id like to have been told the news earlier.句中to have been told与逻辑主语 I 关系为被动关系,4.被动式：表示与逻辑主语之间的被动关系,动词不定式可跟特殊疑问句疑问词 + to do something (why)除外 why not + 动词原形,I dont know when I will start.=
13、 I dont know when to start.I dont know which coat I should choose.= I dont know which coat to choose.,Why dont you go there with me?= why not go there with me?,动词不定式的否定形式,动词不定式的否定式是在to前加not；不带to的不定式则在动词前加not. 如： Zhang Ming asked me not to stay at home all day. 张明要我不要整天呆在家里。 My mother let me not do it by myself. 妈妈让我不要独自做这件事,Activity 2 onP34 on the textbook.to travel during a sandstorm.to learn more3. to leaveTo be completedTo have been ,Exercise,Activity 3 onP34 on the textbook.1. to walk2. to learn3. to be told4. to be completed5. to have missed6. to be finished7. to see,exercise,
