1、不定代词1. 定义所谓“不定”，就是“不确定”“不明确”的意思，所以不定代词就是指不明确表示代替某特定名词或形容词的代词，如someone意为“某人”，something意为“某事”或“某物”，many表示“许多人”或“许多物”，a few表示“几个人”或“几个事物”，等等。（1）普通不定代词some; anyfew; littlenone 没有一个one other 其它的many; mucheither两者中的一个; neither两者都不each; everyboth; all some与any一般说来，some 用于肯定句中，any 用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中。如：肯定句：He as
2、ked some questions. 他问了一些问题。否定句：He didnt ask any questions. 他没有问任何问题。疑问句：Did he ask any questions? 他问了些问题没有?但是，在表示请求、邀请或征求意见的句子中，希望对方的肯定回答，通常要用 some 而不用any。如： Shall I get some for you? 要我帮你拿些来吗? Since you have plenty of them, why not give her some? 既然你有那么多，为什么不给她一些呢?any 有时也用于肯定句中，表示“任何”的意思。如：Any of
3、these may suit you. 这些中间的任何一个都可能适合你。另外，汉语可说“任何都不”，但英语不能说anynot。因为按英语习惯，any总是要出现在否定词not的后面，而不能出现在它的前面。如：我想任何学生都回答不了这个问题。正：I dont think any student can answer this question.正：I think no student can answer this question.误：I think any student cant answer this question.第一句用的是notany，故正确;第二句用的是no，相当于notany
4、，也正确;第三句用的是anynot，就错了。 many与much两者意思相同，都表示“许多”，但用法不同，many用于修饰或代替可数名词;而much用于修饰或代替不可数名词。如： Many trees fell in the storm. 在暴风雨中许多树倒了。 Much money has been wasted that way. 很多钱都这样浪费了。+不可数名词little 几乎没有a little 有点儿 few, a few与 little, a little+可数名词复数few 几乎没有a few 有几个 He has few friends here,he feels lonel
5、y. 他这里没朋友,他感觉寂寞。 There are a few eggs in the basket. 篮子里有几个鸡蛋。 There is little ink in my bottle,can you give me a little ink?我的瓶子里没有墨水了,你能给我点儿墨水吗? This book is a little more difficult than that one. 这本书比那本书难一点。 all与bothall指三者或三者以上的人或物,既可代替或修饰可数名词也可代替和修饰不可数名词。both指两个人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词。 Both of my parent
6、s like sports. 我的父母都喜欢运动。 All of us should work hard.我们都应努力工作. either与neithereither意思是“两个中间的任何一个”；neither意思是“两个都不”。 He wrote to either of them. 他给他们中的一个人写了信. -Will you go there by bus or by car? Neither. I will go there by train.你坐公车去还是坐轿车去？一个都不坐,我坐火车去。 another,the other the other指两个人或物中的一个。 He has
7、two daughters. One is a nurse, the other is a worker. 他有两个女儿，一个是护士，另一个是工人。 another指同类事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一个。I have three daughters. One is a nurse, another is a teacher and another is a worker. 我有三个女儿。一个是护士，另一个是教师，还有一个是工人。 （2）复合不定代词 复合不定代词指的是由some, any, every, no后接thing, one, body等构成的一类代词。somebody（某人）anyb
8、ody（某人/任何人）nobody（没有人）everybody（每人）someone（某人）anyone（某人/任何人）no one （没有人）everyone（每人）something（某事）anything（某事/任何事）nothing（没有东西）everything（每一件事） 这些复合不定代词只有名词的性质，可以作主语、宾语等。 I have something to tell you. 我有一些事情要告诉你们。 复合不定代词如果有其它的形容词修饰，形容词必须后置。 Someone has just come to see you. 有个人刚刚来看你。 Theres nothing w
9、rong with the machine. 机器没有毛病。 当句子的主语是指人的复合不定代词，如everybody, nobody, anyone等时，其反义疑问句的主语通常用代词they; 当句子主语是指物的复合不定代词，如everthing, anything, something, nothing等时，其反义疑问句的主语通常用代词it。Everybody is here, arent they? Everything is ready, isnt it? everyone 的意思等同于everybody,只能指人； every one既可指人也可指物。Id like everyone
10、to be happy. 我希望人人都幸福。I have kept every one of her letters. 我把她的每一封信都保存下来。练习题1He cant hear you, because there is _ noise here.Avery muchBtoo muchCmuch tooDso many2There isnt _ water in the cup.AanyBmanyCsomeDthe3The bottle is empty. There is _ in it.AanythingBsomethingCnothing4-“There isnt _ water h
11、ere. Could you get _ for me?”-“All ringht.”Asome; someBany; anyCsome; anyDany; some5There are lots of English books here, and _ of them is easy to understand.AbothBallCeveryDeach6These sweaters are too small for me. Please show me _ one.AotherBothersCthe othersDanother7“Which of the two dictionaries
12、 do you like better?”“I like _ , because theyre not useful.”AbothBeitherCallDneither8They were all very tired, but _ of them would stop to take a rest.AanyBsomeCnoneDneither9“Havent you forgotten _ ?”“ _ ,oh, I forgot my bag.”Aanything; Excuse meBsomething; Excuse meCsomething; PardonDeverything; Pa
13、rdon10Be quiet! I have _ to tell you.Aimportant anythingBanything importantCimportant somethingDsomething important11- _ of the boys in Class Four are playing games.-_.AAllBEachCThe bothDNone12There are twenty teachers in this gradeEight of them are women teachers and _ are men teachers.Athe otherBthe othersCOthers Dother1-5 BACDD 6-10 DDCAD 11-12 AB
