1、2018年6月四级翻译练习题20道英语四级翻译练习题1：西安古都西安，一颗闪烁着古代文明和高科技之光的历史文化名城。西安古名长安，是世界四大古都之一。踏上这古老的黄土地，无处不在的是千古文人(literati)名士(people with literary reputation)传诵于世的古风古韵。历史文化的沉积，造就了一个著名的旅游城市。西安，这座让游人流连忘返的城市，在很久以前就享有“通史博物馆(General History Museum ) ”的美誉。范文：Ancient capital Xian is a noted historic and cultural city shinin
2、g the light of ancient civilization and high technology. Xian，once called Changan, is one of the four ancient capitals of the world. Setting foot on this ancient ground, you can feel ancient customs and rhymes everywhere, which have been widely read by literati and people with literary reputation fo
3、r thousands of years. This famous tourism city is created by the sediment of historical culture. Xian，a city that let people linger on with no thought of leaving has long enjoyed the good name of the“General History Museum”翻译详解：1.历史文化名城:翻译为a noted historic and cultural city。2.黄土地:直接翻译成ground即可，不必直译。
4、3.古风古韵:古风指“古代的风俗习惯”，古韵指“古代的音韵”，故可译为ancient customs and rhyme。该词组所处句子缺少主语，在翻译时需增译主语。4.流连忘返:可译为to have much enjoyment and forget to go back home或者to linger on with no thought of leaving, linger on 意为“徘徊;流连”。5.历史文化的沉积:可译为sediment of historical culture。sediment意为“沉积”。英语四级翻译练习题2：对联对联(couplet)是由富有诗意的两句话组成
5、，通常是押韵的(rhymed)。人们用所能掌握的最好的书法水平将它们写在红色竖纸条上。上联(the first line of a couplet)贴在前门的右侧，下联贴在前门的左侧。此外，横批(the horizontalscroll)是横着贴在门框上的。对联是中国独特文化的一部分。它也是一个同时与中国语言和文字相关的艺术。今天,对联常被用作中国传统节日的装饰。参考翻译:The couplet is comprised of a pair of lines of poetry that are usually rhymed,which are written on vertical slip
6、s of red paper in the best calligraphic style one can master.The first line of a couplet is posted on the right side of the front door.The second line of a couplet is posted on the left of a couplet side of the front door.In addition,the horizontal scroll is posted across and on top of the doorframe
7、.Couplet is a part of Chinese unique culture and also an art related to both the Chinese,language and Chinese characters.Today,it is often used as a decoration during traditional Chinese festivals.1.对联是由富有诗意的两句话组成，通常是押韵的：“富有诗意的两句话”可翻译为a pair of lines of poetry。“押韵的”可译为 rhymed。2.人们用所能掌握的最好的书法水平将它们写在红
8、色竖纸条上：该句可以和第一句话结合，作定语从句。其中“写在红色竖纸条上”可以翻译为written on vertical slips of red paper。“人们用所能掌握的最好的书法水平”则用in短语引出，译为in the best calligraphic style one can master。3.上联贴在前门的右侧，下联贴在前门的左侧：本句中的“上联”以及“下联”不能按照汉语意思直接意为upper line和downn line,而要根据意思译为the first line of a couplet和the second line of a couplet。下文中的“横批”可译为
9、the horizontal scroll,因为它是横着贴的，所以要用horizontal翻译。4.它也是一个同时与中国语言和文字相关的艺术：“与相关”可译为be relate to或have the relation to.。“同时和”可用both and来表示。1.对联是由富有诗意的两句话组成，通常是押韵的：“富有诗意的两句话”可翻译为a pair of lines of poetry。“押韵的”可译为 rhymed。英语四级翻译练习题3：木雕中国木雕(wood carving)有着悠久的历史，是中国传统艺术之一。人们认为现存最早的木雕大约是在三千年前的战国时期雕刻完成的。在中国，木雕主要
10、分成三个类别：建筑雕刻、家具雕刻和艺术品雕刻。中国的木雕以其令人印象深刻的细致构造和主题之美受到了全世界的欣赏。今天，我们可以在私人画廊里看到传统木雕，也可以在长江两岸整个区域的宅邸装饰上看到它。参考翻译:Chinese wood carving is one of Chinese traditional arts with a time-honored history.The earliest existing wood carving is believed to be made during the Warring States Period about three thousand y
11、ears ago.Wood carving in China constitutes three major categories: architecture carving, furniture carving and artworks carving.Chinese wood carving is appreciated worldwide for its impressively detailed structures and the beauty of its themes.Today,traditional wood carvings can be seen in private g
12、alleries and also on the decorations over residential areas on both sides of the Yangtze River.1.中国的木雕有着悠久的历史：“悠久的历史”可译为a longhistory，也可译为a time-honored history, time-honored意为“悠久的，老的”，如，“中华老字号”则为time-honored brand of China。2.人们认为现存最早的木雕大约是在三千年前的战国时期雕刻完成的：本句可以将“人们”一词省去不译，用theearliest existing wood c
13、arving作主语。谓语则是“被认为是”，可译为be believed to，这里的to是动词不定式的标志。“雕刻完成”即“被做好”，可译为be made。“在三千年前的战国时期”则译作状语， 即during theWarring States Period about three thousand years ago。英语四级翻译练习题4：太极拳太极拳(Tai Chi)是一系列缓慢的动作，旨在修炼身心。它就像是一种舞蹈，却不需要你随音乐起舞，而是需要你向内看,聆听内心的节奏。它创自数千年前，原本是一种武术(martial art)一种自卫的技艺。然而，它的武术方面如今不太流行了。目前全世界成
14、千上万人练习它，主要是由于它对于人类健康的神奇作用。它将身体动作与平静、冥想的(meditative)心理状态结合起来，所以也被称作“冥想运动(meditation in motion) ”。Tai ChiTai Chi is a series of slow movements which areaimed at trainning us physically and mentally. It isjust like a dance that requires you to look inside anddance to the internal rhythms instead of mus
15、ic. Itwas created thousands of years ago as a martial art and specifically as a defensive art.However, nowadays its martial aspect is not that popular. It is practiced by thousands ofpeople around the world mostly because of its miraculous effects on humans health. It is oftencalled “meditation in m
16、otion” because it combines the bodys movements with the calm andmeditative state of mind.1.修炼身心:可译为train us physically and mentally 或者译为 train the body and mind 此处译文的us为补译的内容，为的是使英语句子结构完整。2.随音乐起舞:应译为dance to the music,其中dance to是一种固定表达方式，表示“随着起舞”之意。3.一种自卫的技艺:应译为a defensive art。这里的“技艺”指“手脚灵巧， 有技能”，所以
17、不能翻译成technique。4.它对于人类健康的神奇作用:翻译为its miraculous effects on humans health,其中要注意与effects搭配使用的介词为on。5.将结合起来:对应的英文表达为combine.with.参考翻译:英语四级翻译练习题5：脸谱脸谱(facial makeup)在中国戏曲中是一种特殊的艺术表现形式。它们淸楚地展示了不同角色的外表，还有他们的性情(disposition)和道德品质。脸谱也有助于表达对角色的褒贬。脸谱有不同的颜色,如红、黄、蓝、白、黑、紫、绿、金和银。脸谱的主色象征着人物的性情。例如，红色代表忠诚、勇气和正直，金色和银色
18、通常用于神灵。脸谱可以辅助男女演员在表演中表达情感。参考翻译:Facial makeup is a special art form in Chineseoperas.They distinctly show the appearances ofdifferent roles as well as their dispositions and moraltraits.In addition, facial makeups also serve toexpress praise or condemnation toward thecharacters.Different colors such
19、as red, yellow, blue, white, black, purple, green, gold and silverare used for facial makeups.The main color in a facial makeup symbolizes the disposition ofthe character.For example,red indicates devotion,courage and uprightness, while gold andsilver are usually used for gods and spirits.Facial mak
20、eups can assist the actors and actresses inexpressing their feelings when they act.1.它们清楚地展示了不同角色的外表，还有他们的性情和道德品质：“清楚地” 可译为distinctly。“展示不同角色的外表”可译为show the appearances of different roles。“还有”在该句中等同于“也”，可以用as well as来表达。“性情” 和“道德品质”可以分别译为dispositions和moral traits。2.脸谱也有助于表达对角色的褒贬：“有助于表达”可译为serve to
21、express,在这里serve是“对.有用”的意思。“对角色的褒贬”可译为praise or condemnation toward the characters。3.脸谱可以辅助男女演员在表演中表达情感：该句可译为一个复合句，可以理解为“在男女演员表演时，脸谱可以帮助他们表达情感”，即Facial makeups assist the actors and actresses in expressing theirfeelings when they act。其中“辅助”可译为assist。英语四级翻译练习题6：皮影戏皮影戏(shadow play)是中国最古老的戏剧之一。它起源于2000
22、多年前的古长安，盛行于唐代和宋代。在中国古代，这是一个流行的民间戏曲形式，而且它是世界电影的祖先。当时，它就像现代的电影和电视一样给人们带来欢乐。表演者跟着音乐歌唱，同时控制着皮影工具。这些戏剧的内容更多是关于传统的历史戏画中。皮影戏是世界文化和艺术大家庭中的瑰宝。参考翻译:Shadow play is one of the oldest operas in China. It was rooted in ancient Changan over 2,000 years ago and prevailed in the Tang and Song Dynasties.It was a popu
23、lar folk drama in ancient China and also the ancestor of films in the worid. At that time, it brought people pleasure as modern movies and TVs do.Actors sing with the music, and control shadow tools at the same time.The contents of those plays are more about traditional historical dramas and fable s
24、tories.Shadow play is the treasure among the worlds cultures and arts.1.它起源于2000多年前的古长安，盛行于唐代和宋代：“起源于”可译为be rooted in。“盛行于”可译为prevail in, prevail意为“盛行，流行”。2.当时，它就像现代的电影和电视一样给人们带来欢乐：“当时”可译为at that time。“就像现代的电影和电视一样”可用as引导的从句来表示，即as modern movies and TVs do。“给人们带来欢乐”可译为bring people pleasure。3.表演者跟着音乐
25、歌唱，同时控制着皮影工具：“跟着音乐歌唱”可译为sing with the music, with意为“跟着，随着”。“同时”可译为at the same time,还可译为meanwhile、in the meantime。“控制着皮影工具”中“控制”可译为control,常用短语为incontrol(控制中)，out of control(失去控制)等。“皮影工具”则为shadow tools。英语四级翻译练习题7：蜡染据说在中国,蜡染(wax printing)早在秦末或者汉初就已经出现，但它最初作为成品出现是在唐朝。蜡染是“丝绸之路”的商品之一，这些商品被出口到欧洲和其他地方。蜡染在中
26、国是代代传承下来的。它是苗族(Miao ethnic minority)独特的绘画和手工染色工艺。作为中国最具有民族特色的艺术之一，蜡染产品的种类很多，有墙上挂饰、邮包、书包、桌套等等。参考翻译:It is believed that wax printing appeared in China asearly as the late Qin or early Han Dynasty, but it firstoccurred as a finished product during the TangDynasty. It was one of “the Silk Road goods tha
27、twere exported to Europe and elsewhere.Wax printinghas been passed down from generation to generation in China. It is a unique drawing anddyeing handwork of the Miao ethnic minority. As one of the most characteristic national artsin China, wax printing products are various including wall hangings, l
28、etter bags, bags, table-clothes and so on.1.据说在中国，蜡染早在秦末或者汉初就已经出现:“据说”可译为it is said that 或it is believed that。表示时间状语的词“秦末”和“汉初”分别可译为the late Qin Dynasty和the early Han Dynasty。“早在”可翻译为as early as。2.但它最初作为成品出现是在唐朝:该句中的“出现”可译为occur,避免与上文重复，其是不及物动词。“成品”可译为a finished product,动词的过去分词可以表示动作已完成。3.蜡染在中国是代代传承
29、下来的:“代代”可译为from generation to generation, fromto意为“从一个到另一个 “流传可译为pass down。4.中国最具有民族特色的艺术之一:“最之一”可翻译为“one of the+形容词最高级”的形式。“民族特色的艺术”可译为characteristic national art。英语四级翻译练习题8：算盘算盘(abacus)是一种手动操作计算辅助工具形式。它起源于中国，迄今已有2600多年的历史，是中国古代的一项重要发明。在阿拉伯数字(Arabic numerals )出现前，算盘是世界广为使用的计算工具。现在，算盘在亚洲和中东的部分地区继续使用
30、，尤其见于商店之中，可以从供应中国商品和日本商品的商店里买到。在西方，它有时被用来帮助小孩子们理解数字，而一些数学家喜欢体验一下使用算盘计算出简单算术(arithmetical)问题的感觉。参考翻译:AbacusAn abacus is a form of manually operated counting aid. It has originated in China over 2,600 years ago.It is one of the most important inventions of ancient China. The abacus used to be the most
31、 widely used calculation tool before the appearance of Arabic numerals. At present, abacuses continue to be used in parts of Asia and the Middle East, especially in the shops, and they are available in stores which stock Chinese or Japanese goods. In the West, it is sometimes used to help young chil
32、dren grasp numbers, and some mathematicians enjoy experimenting with the abacus to work out simple arithmetical problems.注意事项：1.计算辅助工具形式:翻译为a form of manually operated counting aid,其中aid一词本意为“有助之物”，用在此处表示“辅助工具”已比较贴切， 不必再将“工具”二字译出。2.理解数字:翻译为grasp numbers,其中grasp词表示“全面领会、理解”之意，用在此处很恰当地译出了原文“理解”一词的含义。3
33、.体验:翻译为experimenting,此处原文强调的是数学家亲自体验用算盘做简单算术题，因此有“实验”的含义，故选用experimenting词。英语四级翻译练习题9：煤炭中国是全球最大的煤炭生产国和消费国。煤炭占中国能源消费(energy consumption)的很大一部分。在未来，煤炭在中国总体能源消费中所占的份额将有所减少。但煤炭消费仍将继续呈绝对上升态势。中国今天面临着严峻的环境问题，而煤炭在造成空气污染方面起了很大作用。尽管中国的煤炭资源很丰富，但 是我们应该开始寻找替代资源(substitute resources)。这样不仅能造福环境，从长远看也会换来经济回报。英语四级翻译
34、参考翻译10:China is the largest producer and consumer of coal in the world.Coal takes up a huge part of Chinas energy consumption.In the future, coals share of Chinas overall energy consumption will decrease.However, coal consumption will continue torise in absolute terms.China faces serious environment
35、al issues today.Coal play a big part in causing air pollution.Although coal resource in China is abundant, should start looking for the substitute resources.It can not only benefit environment, but will also bring economic payoff in the long run.注意事项：1.煤炭占中国能源消费的很大一部分:“占”即“占据”，可译为take up; “能源消费”可译为
36、energy consumption。2.但煤炭消费仍将继续呈绝对上升态势:“呈绝对上升态势”可翻译为rise in absolute terms。3.这样不仅能造福环境，从长远看也会换来经济回报:“不仅也 not only.but also来表达;“造福”可翻译为benefit;“经济回报”可翻译为economic payoff。英语四级翻译练习题：风筝风筝是中国的一个发明，被赞誉为现代飞机的先驱。它为科学的发展和飞机的生产做出了贡献。第一架飞机的形状便是根据风筝造出来的。中国最早的风筝都是用木头做的，最早可追溯到至少两千年前的战国时期(the Warring StatesPeriod)。纸
37、被发明后，人们开始使用这种新材料制作风筝。早期的风筝被用于军事目的。据历史文献记载，那时风筝的尺寸很大，有些大到足以能够把人带到空中来观察敌人的行动。参考翻译:The kite, a Chinese invention, has been praised asthe forerunner of modern aeroplane. It hascontributed to the development of science andproduction of aeroplanes.The first plane was shapedafter the kite.The earliest Chin
38、ese kites were made ofwood which can date back as far as the Warring States Period,at least two millennia ago. Afterthe invention of paper, kites began to be made of this new material.Early kites were used formilitary purposes.Historical records say they were large in size;some were large enough toc
39、arry men up in the air to observe enemy movements.1.风筝是中国的一个发明，被赞誉为现代飞机的先驱:“发明”可译为invention, “中国四大发明”则可译为the fourancient Chinese 。2.它为科学的发展和飞机的生产做出了贡献：“做出贡献”可译为contribute to, 也可译为make contributions to,要注意这里的to是介词。英语中to是介词的短语还有be usedto(习惯于)，be addicted to(沉溺于),be devotedto(献身于)， be adjusted to(适应)等。
40、3.最早可追溯到至少两千年前的战国时期：“最早可追溯到”可译为date as far back as,也可译为date backas early/far as。英语四级翻译练习题11：环保随着世界人口越来越密集(densely populated),空气污染已经成了严重的问题。空气污染主要来源于四个主要的人类活动领域：工业、能源业、交通运输业以及农业。经营工厂,为火车、飞机和公共汽车提供动力都需要能源。几乎所有这些能源都是通过燃烧燃料产生的,这就会造成空气污染。科学家们正在研究能减少环境破坏的新发电方式。增强的公共环保意识使诸如回收利用(recycling)等活动产生。翻译范文：As the
41、world is getting more and more denselypopulated,air pollution has become a severeproblem.Air pollution mainly derives from four majorhuman activity sectors:industry,energy,transportation andagriculture.Energies are needed to run factories,to power trains,planes and buses.Nearly all ofthese energies
42、are produced by burning fuels,which would cause air pollution.Scientists arestudying new ways of generating electricity that can be less damaging to the environment.Theincreased public environmental awareness has led to the advent of activities such as recycling.翻译详解：1.随着世界人口越来越密集，污染已经成了严重的问题:“随着”可译
43、为as,这句话可以用as引导的伴随状语从句来翻译。2.科学家们正在研究能减少环境破坏的新发电方式:这个句子可翻译为包含定语从句的句子，new ways是先行词，引导词是that。其中“研究”可用动词study 表示;“发电”可译为generate electricity; “减少环境破坏”即“对环境的破坏更少”可译为be less damaging to the environment。英语四级翻译练习题12：水墨画水墨画(ink wash painting)是一种毛笔画。基本水墨画只使用深浅不一的黑色墨水。唐朝时，水墨画得到发展。人们普遍认为是王维将颜色加入到当时的水墨画中。水墨画的目标不仅
44、仅是复制物体的外观，还要捕捉它的灵魂。要想画一匹马，水墨画家必须了解马的肌肉和骨骼，更要了解马的气质(temperament)。要想画一朵花，水墨画家并不需要完全描摹它的花瓣和颜色，重要的是传达它的活力和芳香。参考翻译:Ink wash painting is a type of brush painting.Onlyblack ink is used for the painting of basic ones, invarious concentrations.During the Tang Dynasty,inkwash painting got developed.Wang Wei i
45、s generallycredited as the painter who applied color to existingink wash paintings.The goal of ink wash painting is not simply to reproduce the appearanceof a subject,but to capture its soul.To paint a horse,the ink wash painting artist mustunderstand its temperament better than its muscles and bone
46、s.To paint a flower,there is noneed to perfectly portray its petals and color,but it is essential to convey its liveliness andfragrance.1.基本水墨画只使用深浅不一的黑色墨水：该句可以理解为“基本水墨画只可以用黑色墨水来画，而且墨水要有不同的浓度”。2.人们普遍认为是王维将颜色加入到当时的水墨画中：该句可译为带有定语从句的复合句，主语可定为Wang Wei,谓语则是is generally credited,即“被普遍认为”也有“人们普遍认为”的意思。3.要想
47、画一匹马，水墨画家必须了解马的肌肉和骨骼，更要了解马的气质：“要想画一匹马”可用to do结构来表示，即to paint a horse。“了解.更要了解”有比较的意味，即“了解好过了解”，可以翻译为underetand.better than.,其中“气质”可以用temperament来表达。4.要想画一朵花，水墨画家并不需要完全描摹它的花瓣和颜色，重要的是传达它的活力和芳香：“不需要做某事”可译为there is no need to do,为英语中常用句型，表示“没有必要做某事”。英语四级翻译练习题15：孙悟空孙悟空，也称为猴王(Monkey King)，是中国古典小说西游记(Journ
48、ey to the West)中的一个主要角色。在小说中，猴王从一块岩石中出生，通过道教髙人(Taoist master)的教授获得了超自然的力量。他可以将自己变成七十二种不同的形象，还可以用筋斗云代步，一个筋斗(somersault)可以翻十万八千里。孙悟空是中国文学历史最悠久的人物之一。即使在今天他依然深受中国儿童的喜爱。参考翻译:Sun Wukong, also known as the Monkey King, is amain character in the classical Chinese novel Journeyto the West.In the novel, the Monkey King was bornout of a rock and acquired supernatural powersthrough instruction of Taoist master.He cantransform himself into seventy-two different images.Usi
