1、有等腰三角形时常用的辅助线作顶角的平分线，底边中线，底边高线例：已知，如图，AB = AC，BDAC于D，求证：BAC = 2DBC证明：（方法一）作BAC的平分线AE，交BC于E，则1 = 2 = BAC又AB = ACAEBC2ACB = 90oBDACDBCACB = 90o2 = DBCBAC = 2DBC（方法二）过A作AEBC于E（过程略）（方法三）取BC中点E，连结AE（过程略）有底边中点时，常作底边中线例：已知，如图，ABC中，AB = AC，D为BC中点，DEAB于E，DFAC于F，求证：DE = DF证明：连结AD.D为BC中点，BD = CD又AB =ACAD平分BACD
2、EAB，DFACDE = DF将腰延长一倍，构造直角三角形解题例：已知，如图，ABC中，AB = AC，在BA延长线和AC上各取一点E、F，使AE = AF，求证：EFBC证明：延长BE到N，使AN = AB,连结CN,则AB = AN = ACB = ACB, ACN = ANCBACBACNANC = 180o2BCA2ACN = 180oBCAACN = 90o即BCN = 90oNCBCAE = AFAEF = AFE又BAC = AEF AFEBAC = ACN ANCBAC =2AEF = 2ANCAEF = ANCEFNCEFBC常过一腰上的某一已知点做另一腰的平行线例：已知，如
3、图，在ABC中，AB = AC，D在AB上，E在AC延长线上，且BD = CE，连结DE交BC于F求证：DF = EF证明：（证法一）过D作DNAE，交BC于N，则DNB = ACB，NDE = E，AB = AC，B = ACBB =DNBBD = DN又BD = CE DN = EC在DNF和ECF中1 = 2NDF =EDN = EC DNFECFDF = EF（证法二）过E作EMAB交BC延长线于M,则EMB =B（过程略）常过一腰上的某一已知点做底的平行线例：已知，如图，ABC中，AB =AC，E在AC上，D在BA延长线上，且AD = AE，连结DE求证：DEBC证明：（证法一）过点
4、E作EFBC交AB于F，则AFE =BAEF =CAB = ACB =CAFE =AEFAD = AEAED =ADE又AFEAEFAEDADE = 180o2AEF2AED = 90o 即FED = 90o DEFE又EFBCDEBC（证法二）过点D作DNBC交CA的延长线于N，（过程略）（证法三）过点A作AMBC交DE于M，（过程略）常将等腰三角形转化成特殊的等腰三角形-等边三角形例：已知，如图，ABC中，AB = AC，BAC = 80o ,P为形内一点，若PBC = 10o PCB = 30o 求PAB的度数.解法一：以AB为一边作等边三角形，连结CE则BAE =ABE = 60oAE
5、 = AB = BEAB = ACAE = AC ABC =ACBAEC =ACEEAC =BACBAE = 80o 60o = 20oACE = (180oEAC)= 80oACB= (180oBAC)= 50oBCE =ACEACB = 80o50o = 30oPCB = 30oPCB = BCEABC =ACB = 50o, ABE = 60oEBC =ABEABC = 60o50o =10oPBC = 10oPBC = EBC在PBC和EBC中PBC = EBCBC = BCPCB = BCEPBCEBCBP = BEAB = BEAB = BPBAP =BPAABP =ABCPBC
6、= 50o10o = 40oPAB = (180oABP)= 70o解法二：以AC为一边作等边三角形，证法同一。解法三：以BC为一边作等边三角形BCE，连结AE,则EB = EC = BC，BEC =EBC = 60oEB = ECE在BC的中垂线上同理A在BC的中垂线上EA所在的直线是BC的中垂线EABCAEB = BEC = 30o =PCB由解法一知：ABC = 50oABE = EBCABC = 10o =PBCABE =PBC,BE = BC,AEB =PCBABEPBCAB = BP BAP =BPAABP =ABCPBC = 50o10o = 40oPAB = (180oABP)
7、 = (180o40o)= 70o有等腰三角形时常用的辅助线作顶角的平分线，底边中线，底边高线例：已知，如图，AB = AC，BDAC于D，求证：BAC = 2DBC有底边中点时，常作底边中线例：已知，如图，ABC中，AB = AC，D为BC中点，DEAB于E，DFAC于F，求证：DE = DF将腰延长一倍，构造直角三角形解题例：已知，如图，ABC中，AB = AC，在BA延长线和AC上各取一点E、F，使AE = AF，求证：EFBC常过一腰上的某一已知点做另一腰的平行线例：已知，如图，在ABC中，AB = AC，D在AB上，E在AC延长线上，且BD = CE，连结DE交BC于F求证：DF = EF常过一腰上的某一已知点做底的平行线例：已知，如图，ABC中，AB =AC，F在AC上，E在BA延长线上，且AE = AF，连结DE求证：EFBC常将等腰三角形转化成特殊的等腰三角形-等边三角形例：已知，如图，ABC中，AB = AC，BAC = 80o ,P为形内一点，若PBC = 10o ， PCB = 30o 求PAB的度数.5
