1、外文翻译原文BANKSTURNTOCHINAFORSUPPLYCHAINFINANCINGMATERIALSOURCEGROUPPRODUCTMANAGER,SUPPLYCHAINFINANCE,STANDARDCHARTEREDBANKAUTHORBRANDONFENGSYNOPSISINTIMESWHENCLIENTSOFREGIONALBANKSAREINCREASINGTHEIRDEALINGSINCHINAWITHOUTTHEPROTECTIONOFLETTERSOFCREDIT,SUCHBANKSWILLNEEDTOENTERINTOPARTNERSHIPSWITHSUPPLYCH
2、AINFINANCINGINASIATHISWILLENABLETHEMTOREMAINCOMPETITIVEINTHEIRHOMEMARKETS,ESPECIALLYAGAINSTMOREGLOBALBANKSOECDCOMPANIESEXPANDINGTRADEWITHCHINATHEREAREANUMBEROFSTRONGREGIONALBANKSINTHEUNITEDSTATES,THEEUROPEANUNIONANDAUSTRALIAWHOSESTRATEGYREVOLVESAROUNDBEINGACOMPREHENSIVEPROVIDEROFBANKINGPRODUCTSANDSE
3、RVICESTOCORPORATECLIENTSINTHEIRHOMEMARKETSBUTASTHESECOMPANIESSEEKTOBECOMEMOREGLOBALLYCOMPETITIVE,THEYARECONSTANTLYLOOKINGTOEXPANDTHEIRMARKETSANDACHIEVECOSTEFFICIENCIESBYSHIFTINGSOURCINGTOLOWCOSTMANUFACTURINGBASESAMARKETTHATACCOUNTSFORTHEMOSTSIGNIFICANTCONTRIBUTORTOTHISSHIFTISCHINAITISNOTONLYONEOFTHE
4、BIGGESTANDFASTESTGROWINGMARKETSFORCOMPANIESINTHEDEVELOPEDWORLD,BUTALSOONEOFTHEMOSTCOSTEFFECTIVESOURCESOFSUPPLYTHISHASRESULTEDINRAPIDGROWTHINTRADEINTHELASTDECADEBETWEENCHINAANDCOMPANIESFROMCOUNTRIESINTHEORGANISATIONFORECONOMICCOOPERATIONANDDEVELOPMENTOECDTHISTRENDHASIMPLICATIONSFORREGIONALBANKSINDEVE
5、LOPEDMARKETSOECDBANKSINTERMSOFTHEIRABILITYTOPROVIDEFULLTRADESERVICESFORTHEIRCORPORATECLIENTSTHEYNEEDTODEVELOPAGOODUNDERSTANDINGOFCHINATOBEABLETOCOVERTHEIRCLIENTSTRADEWITHCOMPANIESTHERETHISINVOLVESPROVIDINGRISKPROTECTION,ARRANGINGFORFINANCEATBOTHENDSOFTHETRANSACTION,ANDGENERALLYFACILITATINGEFFICIENTT
6、RADEOECDBANKSANDCOMPANIESUSEDTOBENEFITFROMLETTERSOFCREDITTHECHALLENGEFOROECDBANKSWITHNOPRESENCEINCHINAWOULDNOTHAVESEEMEDSOINSURMOUNTABLEINTHEERAWHENMOSTINTERNATIONALTRADEWASCONDUCTEDUSINGLETTERSOFCREDITLCSBYENTERINGINTOCORRESPONDENTBANKINGTIEUPSWITHCHINESEBANKS,OECDBANKSCOULDMITIGATEALOTOFTHERISKSOF
7、TRADINGWITHCHINESECOMPANIESLCSENABLEDTHEOECDBANKSTOEXTENDTHEIRTRADEOFFERINGSTOCOVERBOTHSIDESOFTHEIRCLIENTSTRADEWITHCHINAFOREXPORTS,THEOECDBANKSCOULDUSETHELCFROMTHEBUYERSBANKINCHINAWITHTHEIROWNCONFIRMATIONTONOTONLYPROTECTTHEIRCUSTOMERAGAINSTBUYERRISKBUTALSOPROVIDEEFFICIENTFINANCINGANDSETTLEMENTOFTHEI
8、REXPORTTRANSACTIONSSIMILARLY,FORTHEIRCLIENTSIMPORTSFROMCHINA,THEOECDBANKSCOULDOPENLCSTONOTONLYENSUREADEGREEOFCERTAINTYTHATTHERIGHTGOODSWEREBEINGSHIPPED,BUTALSOENABLETHEIRCHINESECORRESPONDENTBANKSTOPROVIDEFINANCINGSUPPORTFORSUPPLIERSBUT,BECAUSEOFTHEEXTRACOSTS,THEINCREASINGINFLUENCEOFBUYERSANDTHEMANPO
9、WERINTENSIVENATURE,THELUXURYOFANLCISFASTDISAPPEARINGOECDBANKSMAYNEEDPARTNERSHIPSWITHSUPPLYCHAINFINANCEPROVIDERSINANENVIRONMENTWHERETHECOMFORTOFANLCCANNOLONGERBEASSUMED,ITWILLBECOMEIMPERATIVEFOROECDBANKSTOFORGESUPPLYCHAINFINANCINGPARTNERSHIPSWITHBANKSTHATHAVEAPHYSICALPRESENCEINCHINATHESERELATIONSHIPS
10、WILLHAVETOBEFARDEEPERTHANMERECORRESPONDENTBANKINGINTHEABSENCEOFSUCHPARTNERSHIPS,OECDBANKSWILLFINDITDIFFICULTTOPROTECTTHEIRCLIENTSBUSINESSINTHEIRHOMEMARKETSAGAINSTBANKSTHATAREMOREGLOBALANDTHATHAVEAPRESENCEACROSSTHEOECDANDEMERGINGMARKETSANEWAPPROACHTOSUPPLYCHAINFINANCESUPPLYCHAINFINANCINGISTHERESPONSE
11、TOANEMERGINGNEEDFORBANKSTOPLAYAMOREACTIVEROLEINTHEACTIVITIESOFACOMPANYSSUPPLIERSANDBUYERSTHISNEEDWASADIRECTOUTCOMEOFTHECHANGESTHATCOMPANIESHADBEGUNTOIMPLEMENTASAPARTOFTHEIRSUPPLYCHAINMANAGEMENTINITIATIVESSOMEOFTHEFACTORSBEHINDSUCHCHANGESAREEXPLAINEDBELOWINCREASEDOUTSOURCINGCOMPANIESHAVEINCREASINGLYB
12、EGUNTOOUTSOURCEMANYPARTSOFTHEIRMANUFACTURINGANDDISTRIBUTIONACTIVITIESTOEXTERNALMEMBERSOFTHEIRSUPPLYCHAINTHISMEANSTHATTHEIRSUPPLIERSNOWMANUFACTUREMOREANDTHEREFOREHOLDMOREWORKINPROGRESSANDFINISHEDGOODSINVENTORYTHANBEFORE,ALARGEPARTOFWHICHTHECOMPANYWOULDHAVEBEENHOLDINGONITSBALANCESHEETBEFOREOUTSOURCING
13、SIMILARLY,THEYTRYTOPUSHFINISHEDGOODSTOTHEIRDISTRIBUTORSANDSTOCKISTSASSOONASPOSSIBLE,SOTHATGOODSCANBEHELDCLOSERTOTHECONSUMERTHISAGAINMEANSTHATTHECOMPANYSDISTRIBUTORSHOLDMORESTOCKTHANTHECOMPANYITSELFWHATALLTHISMEANSISTHATASIGNIFICANTPORTIONOFTHECOMPANYSERSTWHILEWORKINGCAPITALFINANCINGNEEDSHAVEBEENPUSH
14、EDONTOTHEBALANCESHEETSOFTHEIRSUPPLIERSANDDISTRIBUTORSFINANCINGCONSTRAINTSTHESUPPLIERSANDBUYERSAREUSUALLYOFMUCHSMALLERSIZETHANTHECOMPANYITSELFANDTHEIRABILITYTORAISECOMPETITIVEFINANCINGONTHEIROWNISLIMITEDTHEADDITIONALWORKINGCAPITALNEEDSCREATEDBYTHEINCREASEDOUTSOURCINGDISCUSSEDABOVEONLYEXACERBATETHISPR
15、OBLEMTHISADVERSELYAFFECTSTHECOMPANYINTHATSUPPLIERSWILLFINDITDIFFICULTTOOFFERTHECOMPANYTHECREDITTERMSTHEYNEED,ANDDISTRIBUTORSWILLFINDITDIFFICULTTOBUYANDSTOCKMOREPRODUCTSUNLESSTHECOMPANYISWILLINGTOEXTENDGREATERCREDITTERMSINCREASEDFINANCINGCOSTSADIRECTCONSEQUENCEOFTHEABOVEISTHATWHENSUPPLIERSANDBUYERSBO
16、RROWLOCALLYONTHESTRENGTHOFTHEIROWNBALANCESHEETS,THEPRICETHEYPAYFORTHISFINANCINGISALOTHIGHERTHANITWOULDBEFORTHECOMPANYINTHECASEOFSUPPLIERS,THISMEANSTHEHIGHERCOSTOFFINANCINGISPASSEDONTOTHECOMPANY,THEREBYINCREASINGTHECOSTOFGOODSINTHECASEOFDISTRIBUTORS,THISMEANSTHATTHEIRMARGINONTHECOMPANYSPRODUCTSISREDU
17、CEDINCREASINGCREDITEXPOSURETHEABOVEMEANSTHATTHEONLYWAYCOMPANIESCANINCREASESALESTHROUGHTHEIRDISTRIBUTIONCHANNELISBYGIVINGTRADECREDITINCREASINGSALESBYINCREASINGTHECREDITPERIODHASTHEOBVIOUSILLEFFECTOFINCREASINGTRADEDEBTORSONTHECOMPANYSBALANCESHEETANDTHEREFOREMAKINGTHEBALANCESHEETRISKIERWHYSUPPLYCHAINFI
18、NANCINGISDIFFERENTSUPPLYCHAINFINANCINGISARELATIVELYNEWCONCEPTINTHEBANKINGINDUSTRY,WHEREABANKEXAMINESTHECOMPANYSSUPPLYCHAINANDPROVIDESFINANCETOKEYSUPPLIERSANDDISTRIBUTORSCOLLECTIVELYREFERREDTOAS“CHANNELPARTNERS”FORTHEIRSALESTOTHECOMPANYANDTHEIRPURCHASESFROMTHECOMPANY,ASTHECASEMAYBESUPPLYCHAINFINANCIN
19、GDIFFERSFROMTRADITIONALBANKFINANCINGINTWOSIGNIFICANTWAYSSEEFIGURE3FORSTANDARDCHARTEREDSAPPROACHFIRST,THEBANKINVOLVEDDOESNOTEVALUATETHEINDIVIDUALCHANNELPARTNERSTOWHOMITISPROVIDINGFINANCEONASTANDALONEBASISRATHERITEVALUATESTHECOMPANYINTERMSOFITSFINANCIALSTRENGTHANDMARKETPOSITION,AND,MOREIMPORTANTLY,THE
20、EFFECTIVENESSOFITSSUPPLYCHAINMANAGEMENTPRACTICESIFTHEREISDEMONSTRABLESTICKINESSINTHECOMPANYSSUPPLYCHAIN,THEBANKWOULDSETUPFACILITIESFORTHECHANNELPARTNERSWITHOUTANYSIGNIFICANTFINANCIALASSESSMENTOFTHEINDIVIDUALLINKSINTHECHAININDIVIDUALPARTNERSAREASSESSEDONLYTOESTABLISHTHEIRPOSITIONANDIMPORTANCEINTHEOVE
21、RALLSUPPLYCHAINANDTHEIRPASTTRADINGHISTORYWITHTHECOMPANYSECONDLY,FINANCINGISPROVIDEDONLYFORTHATPORTIONOFTHECHANNELPARTNERSBUSINESSTHATHASADIRECTTRANSACTIONALLINKWITHTHECORPORATECUSTOMERBELOWISANEVALUATIONOFTHREEPOSSIBLEOPTIONSAVAILABLETOOECDBANKSTOENTERINTOPARTNERSHIPSWITHBANKSTHATHAVESTRONGSUPPLYCHA
22、INFINANCINGCAPABILITIESANDALOCALPRESENCEINCHINAOPTION1SUPPLIERFINANCEPARTNERSHIPSUNDERITSSUPPLIERFINANCEPROGRAMME,STANDARDCHARTEREDOFFERSPACKAGEDPREANDPOSTSHIPMENTFINANCETOELIGIBLESUPPLIERSOFTHEOECDBANKSCLIENTSSTANDARDCHARTEREDWORKSCLOSELYWITHTHEOECDBANKTOUNDERSTANDANDEVALUATETHEIRCLIENTSPROCUREMENT
23、ANDSUPPLIERMANAGEMENTPOLICIESINDIVIDUALSUPPLIERSWILLBEASSESSEDWITHINTHECONTEXTOFTHECOMPANYSSUPPLYCHAIN,BASEDONWHICHFACILITIESWILLBESETUPFORTHESUPPLIERSTHISFINANCEISPROVIDEDFORTHOSEPARTSOFTHESUPPLIERSTRANSACTIONSTHATHAVEADIRECTLINKTOTHECOMPANY,ANDISBASEDINLARGEPARTONTHESTRENGTHOFTHEUNDERLYINGRELATION
24、SHIPTHESUPPLIERSCANBEFINANCEDUNDERTHISPRODUCTINTWOWAYSPRESHIPMENTANDPOSTSHIPMENTTHEBANKPROVIDESPRESHIPMENTFINANCINGTOASTRATEGICSUPPLIERWHOISTHERECIPIENTOFAPURCHASEORDERORANLCFROMITSCORPORATECLIENTTHESUPPLIERWOULDBEGIVENAPRESHIPMENTLOANOFUPTOAFIXEDPERCENTAGEOFTHEVALUEOFTHEPURCHASEORDERONCETHESUPPLIER
25、HASSHIPPEDTHEGOODSANDSUBMITTEDTHEINVOICE,ALONGWITHEVIDENCEOFTRANSPORTTOTHEBANK,THEPRESHIPMENTLOANWOULDBEAUTOMATICALLYCONVERTEDTOAPOSTSHIPMENTADVANCEPAYMENTFORTHEINVOICEWOULDBEMADEDIRECTLYONTHEDUEDATETOEXTINGUISHTHEPOSTSHIPMENTLOANFORSUPPLIERSWHODONOTQUALIFYFORPRESHIPMENTFINANCEBASEDONTHEBANKSASSESSM
26、ENTOFTHEIRIMPORTANCEINTHECOMPANYSSUPPLYCHAIN,THEBANKWILLONLYPROVIDEPOSTSHIPMENTFINANCETHEBANKPROVIDESPOSTSHIPMENTFINANCETOTHESUPPLIERAFTERTHESUPPLIERHASSHIPPEDGOODSTOTHECLIENTTHEPOSTSHIPMENTFINANCEISLIQUIDATEDONTHEDUEDATEFROMTHEPAYMENTRECEIVEDBYTHEBANKFROMITSCORPORATECLIENTDIRECTLYFORTHEINVOICEOPTIO
27、N2IMPORTFACTORINGPARTNERSHIPSFACTORINGISACOMPLETEWORKINGCAPITALSOLUTIONTHATHASFOURMAINELEMENTSFINANCING,CREDITRISKPROTECTION,SALESLEDGERMANAGEMENTANDCOLLECTIONSERVICESTHEOECDEXPORTERANDITSBANK,THEOECDBANKCALLEDTHEEXPORTFACTOR,ENTERINTOANAGREEMENTUNDERWHICHTHEFACTORBUYSTHECLIENTSTRADERECEIVABLES,USUA
28、LLYWITHOUTRECOURSE,ANDASSUMESRESPONSIBILITYFORTHEBUYERSFINANCIALABILITYTOPAYINCASESWHERETHEBUYERISINCHINAANDMOSTOTHERASIANCOUNTRIES,THEOECDBANKCANENTERINTOANARRANGEMENTWITHANIMPORTFACTORINASIA,SUCHASSTANDARDCHARTEREDUNDERSUCHANARRANGEMENT,THEOECDBANKWOULDENTERINTOANINTERFACTORAGREEMENTWITHSTANDARDCH
29、ARTEREDCALLEDTHEIMPORTFACTOR,ANDINTURNASSIGNTHERECEIVABLESTOTHEIMPORTFACTORTHEIMPORTFACTORWOULDTHENCARRYOUTACREDITINVESTIGATIONONTHEBUYERIFTHEBUYERHADNOTALREADYBEENRESEARCHEDBYTHEIMPORTFACTORANDESTABLISHCREDITLIMITSONCETHESELLERDISPATCHESGOODSANDINVOICESTOTHEBUYER,ITWOULDSUBMITDETAILSOFTHEINVOICESTO
30、THEEXPORTFACTOR,WHICHWOULDTHENFORWARDITTOTHEIMPORTFACTORTHEEXPORTFACTORATTHISSTAGEMAYADVANCEUPTO90OFTHEINVOICEVALUETOTHESELLERTHEIMPORTFACTORCANALSODOTHEFINANCINGINCASESWHERETHEEXPORTFACTORSOCHOOSESTHEIMPORTFACTORCOLLECTSTHEDEBTSFROMTHEBUYERONBEHALFOFTHEEXPORTFACTORANDREMITSPROCEEDSTOTHEEXPORTFACTOR
31、IFTHEBUYERGOESBANKRUPTORISUNABLETOPAYITSDEBTSFORCREDITREASONS,THEIMPORTFACTORWOULDPAYTHEEXPORTFACTOR100OFTHEDEBTSTHEEXPORTFACTORPASSESONTHISMONEYTOTHESELLERAFTERSETTLINGANYOUTSTANDINGMATTERSOPTION3SILENTPAYMENTGUARANTEESTHEREAREALOTOFINSTANCESWHEREEXPORTERSINOECDMARKETSRECEIVELARGEORDERSFROMCHINESEO
32、ROTHERASIANBUYERSABOUTWHOMTHEYDONOTHAVEMUCHKNOWLEDGECONCERNINGCREDITWORTHINESSTHEEXPORTERSREQUIRESOMECOMFORTTHATONCETHEYSHIPTHEGOODS,THEYWILLGETPAIDTHATIS,THEYNEEDASSURANCEAGAINSTINSOLVENCYOFTHEBUYERANDTHECOUNTRYBEFORETHEYUNDERTAKEANYWORKWITHLCS,THEEXPORTERISPROTECTEDAGAINSTBUYERINSOLVENCYAND,BYADDI
33、NGCONFIRMATIONTOTHELC,THEOECDBANKCANPROVIDEPROTECTIONAGAINSTTHECHINESEBANKANDCOUNTRYRISKBUTTHISISNOTPOSSIBLEWITHOPENACCOUNTSSILENTPAYMENTGUARANTEEISAPOSSIBLESOLUTIONHERE,THEOECDBANKCANTIEINWITHAFINANCIALLYSTRONGPARTNERWITHALARGEPRESENCEINCHINAORASIATOPROVIDESILENTPAYMENTGUARANTEESINFAVOUROFTHEOECDBA
34、NKSEXPORTERCLIENTSTHISGUARANTEEWILLBEISSUEDWITHOUTTHEEXPRESSKNOWLEDGEORCONSENTOFTHEASIANBUYERANDWILLCOVERTHEEXPORTERAGAINSTBUYERINSOLVENCYANDCOUNTRYRISK译文银行将在中国开展供应链金融服务资料来源渣打银行供应链金融生产部作者BRANDONFENG等摘要时下,当区域性银行的顾客在中国增加他们的交易额而没有信用证保护的时候,这些银行需要在亚洲组建一个共同体供应链金融体系。这将尽可能地使他们在国内市场上保持竞争力,特别是对抗更多的全球银行。经济合作与发
35、展组织扩大同中国的贸易在美国,有很多强大的区域性银行,欧盟银行和澳大利亚银行的策略是围绕在他们本国市场为法人客户提供一整套涉及范围广且相应完整的银行产品销售体系和相应服务。但是,当这些公司在不断寻求发展使之成为更具有全球化竞争力的时,他们不断地期盼将市场扩大和通过将制造基地转移到低成本区以实现低成本战略。通过市场占比所得,中国是制造基地转移就好的选择。对于一个发达国家的公司而言,中国市场不仅是最大、发展最快的市场,更是一个最有经济效益的供应地。这也导致了在过去十年中,经合组织成员国企业和中国企业之间市贸易的迅速增长。这一趋势对要求在经合组织中的区域性银行尽其所能地对他们的法人客户提供一整套完备
36、的贸易服务。他们需要更好地去了解中国企业以使他们的业务能覆盖到所有企业贸易活动中。这其中包括提供风险防范,安排好交易双方资金,和促进交易地有效进行。经合组织银行和公司之间的交易通常有赖于信用证经合组织银行所面临的挑战不存在于中国在当代,并不是没有可能实现在大多数国际贸易中使用信用凭证的理想。通过加入代理银行与中国银行的联合休,经合组织银行将会减轻在与中国公司交易中的许多风险。信用凭证使经合组织的银行将他们的对中国客户的交易服务全面扩展到了交易双方。例如,经合组织的银行将可以使用从中国的买方银行取得的(他们自己确认的)信用凭证,这样不仅可以保护他们的顾客对抗买方所带来的风险,还可以为他们提供高效
37、的融资和对货物出口的安排。同样地说,当客户从中国进口商品时,经合组织的银行可以使用信用凭证,这样不仅可以在一定程度上确保正确的商品被运往,他们的中国代理行还能够为企业提供融资支持。但是,因为额外费用的存在,加剧了购买者与劳动力之间的影响他们之间的集约性,享用信用凭证也将很快地消失。经合组织银行可能需要与供应链合作开展金融服务当长期使用信用凭证不再是一个假设时,这将会使经合组织银行在华与银行共同打造供应链融资合作伙伴群的最现实表现。这些关系势必将会更进一步地提升银行间的代理业务。当缺乏这样的合作体时,经合组织的银行将会发现很难在本地市场保护客户的交易,尤其是更全球化和参加经合组织和兴新市场的银行
38、。一种新的方法供应链金融供应链金融对于银行是一个新兴的需要,它在供应商和买家的之间发挥着积极的作用。这种需要是公司已经开始落实其供应链管理计划中一部分而改变的直接结果。这种变化的原因如下所述。增加的外包许多公司越来越多地开始对一些制造环节与货物分配、销售活动进行了外包。这意味着供应商能制造更多,因此,可以更有效的控制在产品的生产和产成品入库,这将改变以往公司资产负债表被库存商品占相当一大部的现象。同样地,他们试图在尽可能快的时间里将所有的货物分销给他们的分销商和提供商,以便使顾客更容易接受商品。因此,这些分销商持有的商品就比公司本身要多。所有这些都意味着公司以往需要的周转资金中有一大部分应从供
39、应商和分销商的资产负债表中得到。融资约束供应商和分销商通常是一些规模较小和自身竞争融资能力有限的公司。建立在以上增加外包讨论的基础上,这些额外的工作资金只会加剧此问题的发展。这些不利的影响将会导致供应商们发现很难从中心企业取得他们所需要的赊销条件,而分销商也会发现购买、放置更多商品是很困难的,除非公司愿意扩大他们赊销条件。增加的融资费用上述的直接后果是当供应商和销售商凭借自己的资产负债表力量去融资时,他们所要付出的代价要远远高于他们与企业之间的成本。就供应商来讲,这意味着高出来的融资成本将转移供应物的价格上。而对销售商而言,这意味着自己公司的产品利润将减少。提高信贷风险根据以上所述,企业若想提
40、高他的销售,唯一的途径就是使分销商的信用增加。通过增加信用期限来提高销售会增加公司资产负债表上的应收账款,从而影响资产负债表加剧表现出来的风险。供应链融资为什么不同供应链融资在银行业中是一个相对较新的概念,银行在调查公司供应链和公司主要供应商和分销商(统称为“渠道合作伙伴”)后,有可能向他们提供贷款。(供应链融资在两重要的方面不同于传统银行融资,如图3。首先,对供应链成员的信贷准入评估不是孤立的。银行将首先评估核心企业的财务实力和行业地位,以及它对整个供应链的管理效率。如果条件满足,而且证明整条供应链联系足够紧密,银行将为成员提供融资安排,并且不会对成员的财务状况作特别的评估。对成员融资准入评
41、价的重点在于它对整个供应链的重要性、地位,以及与核心企业既往的交易历史。其次对成员的融资严格限定于其与核心企业之间的贸易背景,严格控制资金的挪用,以针对性的技术措施引入核心企业的资信,作为控制授信风险的辅助手段。另外,供应链融资还强调授信还款来源的自偿性,即引导销售收入直接用于偿还信用。)以下有三种方法可以帮助经合组织银行与具有强大供应链融资实力和中国本地银行开展合作。方法1供应商融资伙伴关系在供应商融资方案中,渣打银行向经合组织银行的合格供应商提供事前和事后一整套的融资服务。渣打银行致力于使经合组织银行明白和评估他们客户的物资和供应商管理的政策。核心供应商将基于相关供应链上下游的企业对其进行
42、评估。这些供应商与核心企业之间的直接交易信息和基于强大关系链的支持为此融资提供了可靠的保证。供应商取得该融资有两种方式先票货和款后货授信。当供应商采取赊销方式或从核心企业处取得授信后,银行将为其提供先票货授信。供应商所能取得的贷款额度是由购货订单的价值决定的。一旦供货商将货物装运并开据发票,银行根据货物到达情况,先票货授信会自动变成款后货授信。收到的货款将按预期直接清偿贷款。对于供应商是否有资格获取先票货授信是以银行对他们在供应链中的重要性评估为依据的,银行将只提供款后货授信。银行向供应商提供款后货授信是在供应商将货物装运给顾客之后。而款后货授信的到期日清偿是银行直接从顾客支付的账款中扣除。方
43、法2进口保理业务伙伴关系保理业务是一个完整的营运资金的解决方案,它有四个主要因素融资,信用风险保护,销售分户账管理和收集服务。经合组织的出口国及其银行,经合组织银行被称为出口代理商,参与代理商向顾客购买应收账款的协议,通常没有追索权,并由购买方的财务支付能力承担责任。在某些情况下,当买家是在中国时或者其它多数亚洲国家,经合组织银行会与一个亚洲的进口保理商达成安排,如渣打银行。在这样的安排下,经合组织银行会与渣打银行称为进口保理商协签订一个内部保理协议,反过来,经合组织银行会指定应收账款到这些进口保理商。进口保理商然后会对买方展开信用调查如果买方还没有被进口保理商调查过和建立信用限额。一旦卖方将
44、商品和发票派发给买方,这就会将发票的细节提交给出口保理商,然后把它转送给进口保理商。出口保理商在这个阶段可能会把给卖方的发票金额提高到90。在出口保理商这么选择的情况下,进口保理商也可以做这样的融资。进口保理商代表出口保理商从买方那里收集债务和将收益汇给出口代理商。如果买方破产或因为信用的原因无力偿还其债务,进口保理商将承担出口保理商100的债务。出口保理商会在解决任何未决事项之后将这些钱传递给卖方。方法3沉默付款担保很多例子表明,在经合组织国间的市场中,出口商收到很多从中国或其他亚洲购买商的订单,而这些购买商往往存在着信贷知识较为缺乏的状况。当出口商发送货物后,他们需要过一段缓和期才能收到货款。这就意味着他们需要相应的保障去抵抗倒闭的风险从买家或政府处在他们做出贸易承诺前。通过信用凭证可以使出口商免受购货商的破产或无力支付,同时对信用证的确认,经合组织银行可以提供相应保护对抗中国银行和国家的风险。但是,这一切并不仅仅只是开户可以实现的。沉默付款担保是一个潜在的解决方案。在这里,经合组织银行可以与中国或亚洲的其他地区并且拥有强大财力的大企业一起配合提供沉默付款担保以此来保证经合组织银行的出口商客户利益。这种担保业务将弥补亚洲买家没有进口知识或默认的空白,同时也能使出口商规避买方的破产和国家风险。