1、(一)nose ； naso-,rhino-1. nose cleft 鼻畸形 2. nostril 鼻孔 3. nasoantral 鼻上颌窦的 4. nasolabial 鼻唇的 5. nasomanometer 鼻压计 6. nasopharyngeal 鼻咽的 7. nasoseptal 鼻中隔 8. nasosinusitis 鼻窦炎 9. rhinocarcinoma 鼻癌 10. rhinocnesmus 鼻痒 11. rhinodynia 鼻痛 12. rhinorrhea 鼻漏13. allergic rhinitis 过敏性鼻炎（二）throat ； 近义构型词laryng
2、o-1. laryngalgia 喉痛 2. laryngectomy 喉切除术 3. laryngemphraxis 喉阻塞 4. laryngendoscope 喉镜 5. laryngismal 喉痉挛的6. laryngitis 喉炎 7. laryngocarcinoma 喉癌 8. laryngocele 喉膨出 9. laryngocentesis 喉穿刺术 10. laryngopharyngitis 咽喉炎11. pharyngalgiafringldi ; pharyngodynia,fridini 咽痛（三）glottis ；近义构型词 glotto-1glottidec
3、tomy 声门切除术 2.glottidospasm 声门痉挛 3.glottiscope 声门镜 4.glottogram 声门图 5glottis false 假声门 6.glottography 声门描记法 7.glottal 声门的 8.glottis vera 声门裂 9.glottitis 舌炎 10.glottology 舌学（四）trachea,windpipe 近义构型词 tracheo-1. tracheoaerocele 气管气疝 2. tracheobronchitis 气管支气管炎 3. tracheocarcinoma 气管癌 4. tracheoesophagea
4、l 气管食管的 5. tracheolaryngeal 气管喉的 6. tracheole 小气管 7. tracheomalacia 气管软化 8. tracheopathy 气管病 9. tracheorrhagia 气管出血 10. tracheoscopy 气管镜检 （五）bronchus ； 近义构型词 broncho- ,bronchiolo-1.bronchia 小气管 2.bronchiectasia 支气管扩张 3.bronchiogenic 支气管源的 4.bronchiolitis 细支气管炎 5.bronchismus 支气管痉挛 6.bronchitis 支气管炎 7
5、.bronchoadenitis 支气管淋巴结炎 8.bronchodilatation 支气管扩张术 9.bronchoedema 支气管水肿 10.bronchoesophagoscope 支气管食管镜 11.chronic bronchitis 慢性支气管炎12. COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 慢阻肺13. Bronchial asthma 支气管哮喘14. Primary bronchogenic carcinoma 原发性支气管源性肺癌(六)lung ；近义构型词 pulmo(no)-,pneumono-1. pulmogram
6、 肺X线照片 2. pulmometer 肺量计 3. pulmonectomy 肺切除术 4. pulmonitis 肺炎 5. pulmonohepatic 肺肝的 6. pneumonemia 肺充血 7. pneumomalacia 肺软化 8.pneumochysis 肺水肿9.pneumococci 肺炎球菌 10.pneumobacillus 肺炎杆菌munity acquired pneumonia (CAP) 社区获得性肺炎12.hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP) 医院获得性肺炎13.nosocomical pneumonia (NP) 医院内
7、肺炎14.Lobar pneumonia 大叶性肺炎15.Lobular pneumonia 小叶性肺炎16.hypersensitivity pneumonia 过敏性肺炎17.extrinisic allergic alveolitis外源性过敏性肺泡炎 18.lung absess肺脓肿19. pulmonary tuberculosis 肺结核20lung cancer: 肺癌primary bronchogenic carcinoma 原发性支气管肺癌squamousskweims cell carcinoma 鳞癌adenocarcinoma 腺癌dnu,k:sinumbronch
8、oalveolar cell carcinoma 支气管肺泡细胞癌small cell lung carcinoma （SCLC）小细胞肺癌pulmonary metastasis 肺转移瘤mtstsis21.interstitial lung disease, ILD 弥漫性间质性肺疾病idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, IPF 特发性肺纤维化,idipikcryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis, CFA 隐源性纤维化性肺泡炎connective tissue related lung diseases 结缔组织相关性肺疾病 Sarcoid
9、osis结节病22. pulmonary vascular diseases 肺血管疾病 pulmonary embolism （PE） 肺栓塞 pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) 肺血栓栓塞症pulmonary infarction 肺梗死deep venous thrombosis ,DVT 深静脉血栓形成 cor pulmonale 肺源性心脏病k:,pumnlipulmonary hypertension 肺动脉高压pulmonary encephalopathy 肺性脑病Pulmonary arterial stenosis 肺动脉狭窄23.Pulmona
10、ry alveolar proteinosisprutiinusis PAP 肺泡蛋白沉积Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis特发性肺含铁血黄素沉着病Langerhans cell granulomatosis 朗格汉斯细胞肉芽肿病Eosinophilic granuloma 嗜酸性肉芽肿,i:sinfilikHistiocytosis X 组织细胞增多症XWegener granulomatosis Wegener肉芽肿pneumoconiosis 尘肺nju:m,kuniusisdrug-induced lung disease 药物性肺病allergic
11、bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) 曲菌病ALI Acute lung injury 急性肺损伤ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome 急性呼吸窘迫综合征OSAS obstructive sleep apnea syndrome 阻塞性呼吸暂停综合征24.Pulmonary edema肺水肿emphysematous 肺大泡 pulmonary emphysema 肺气肿pyopneumothorax 脓气胸pneumonemia 肺充血 25. pleura ；近义构型词 pleuro-pleurobronch
12、itis 胸膜支气管炎 pleurodesis 胸膜固定术 pleurodynia 胸膜痛 pleuritic chest pain 胸膜型胸痛pleurography 胸膜腔X线摄影术 pleurohepatitis 胸膜肝炎 pleuropericarditis 胸膜心包炎 pleuroperitoneum 胸腹膜 pleurorrhea 胸膜腔渗液 pleuroscopy 胸膜腔镜检查 pleurotomy 胸膜切开术 26. fever发热cough 咳嗽nonproductive cough 干咳 dry cough 干咳Sputum痰dry, purulentpjurjulnt脓性
13、的 copiouskupis green sputum大量绿色痰，tenacioustineis, t- yellow sputum 黄粘痰，frothy white sputum白色泡沫痰，rusty sputum 铁锈色痰wheezing喘息Dyspnea during exertioniz:n or at rest 呼吸困难Orthopnea:pni 端坐呼吸Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea 夜间阵发性呼吸困难Shortness of breath （SOB）气短Chest tightness 胸部紧迫感exercise intolerance运动障碍hemopt
14、ysis 咯血Bucking 呛咳sneeze喷嚏snore 打鼾malaise mleiz不舒服myalgiamaildi 肌痛insomnia insmni 失眠hoarseness声嘶dysphonia disfuni发声困难27.clubbed fingers杵状指 :cyanosis ,sainusis发绀:deoxyhemoglobin di:,ksihemu,lubin去氧血红蛋白peripheral prifrl外围的,次要的hand flap: 扑翼样震颤papilloedema 视乳头水肿chemosis球结膜水肿enlarged supraclavicula lymph
15、nodes锁骨上的淋巴结增大 axillary ksilri lymph nodes腋窝淋巴结respiratory rate呼吸频率tachycardia 心动过速kyphosis kaifusis 驼背，脊柱后凸Inspection:视诊tachypnea ,tkipni: 呼吸急促 sternocleidomastoidst:nu,klaidmstid muscle 胸锁乳突肌wide or narrow intercostal,intkstl space肋间隙tactile vocal fremitus 触觉语颤subcutaneous crepitus 皮下捻发感Percussion
16、:叩诊resonance清音dullness浊音flatness实音hyperresonance过清音tympany/timp2ni/鼓音scapularskpjul肩胛的range of mobilitymubilti移动度Auscultation,:skltein:听诊vocal resonance 语音共振ronchi: wheeze , stridorstraid 喘鸣 , crackleskrkl发出细碎的爆裂声, Velcro-like soundesmoist rales :湿罗音(coarse粗的, medium中等的, fine细的, crepitus 捻发音）pleural
17、 friction rubs胸膜摩擦音complete absence of breath sounds呼吸音完全消失ankle edema踝水肿weight loss体重减轻cachexiakkeksi恶病质，cachectickkektik恶病质的decreased food appetite=loss of appetite= anorexia,nreksi食欲减退28.常做的检查 examinations or laboratory findingstemperature charts 体温图 (take ones body temperature)sputum pot 痰盂blood
18、/urine/stool routine血/尿/大便常规 occultklt/ blood test潜隐血试验blood biochemistry血生化sputum /blood culture痰/血培养 drug sensitivity test药敏试验sputum cytologysaitldi痰细胞学 pulse oximeterksimit 脉氧计arterial blood gas analysis(ABG): 动脉血气分析artery puncture动脉穿刺 hypercarbiahypoxemia,haipksi:mi血氧不足respiratory failure:呼衰coin
19、 lesions 硬币样cavities空腔amphoricmfrik空翁音的opacificationu,psifikein浑浊shadowing and air bronchogramf支气管造影segmental atelactasis肺不张pleural effusion胸膜渗出液mediastinal,mi:distainl纵隔thymomaaimum胸腺瘤, teratoma,tertum畸胎瘤, TB lymph nodes,lymphomalimfum淋巴瘤 aneurysm动脉瘤Chest CT scan( computed tomography)Head MRI(magne
20、tic resonance imaging)PET-CT正电子Abdominal ultrasoundltrsaund超声skin prick test 皮肤点刺试验tuberculin skin test 纯蛋白衍生物(of tuberculin) test, PPD test)Pulmonary function test 肺功能检查 Spirometry spairmitri呼吸量测定法，肺量测定法obstructive lung diseases:阻塞性肺疾病restrictive lung diseases:限制性肺疾病FEV1: forced expiratoryikspairtr
21、i/ volume in 1 second 1秒率FVC: force vital capacity用力肺活量TLC: total lung capacity肺总量RV: residual volume残气量KCO: transfer factor ( diffusion rate)转移吸数PEFR: peak expiratory flow rate最大呼气流速flow-volume loop呼吸器流曲线bronchoprovocation/challenge test,prvkein 支气管激发试验：histaminehistmmin 组胺methacholine乙酰甲胆碱bronchod
22、ilatation,dailtein支气管舒张试验: salbutamol沙丁胺醇slbju:tm(:)lfiberoptic bronchoscopybrkskpi纤支镜检查biopsybai,psi活组织检查 bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)肺泡灌洗液protected specimen brush transthoracic,trnsrsik,经胸廓的 percutaneous needle aspiration,sprein吸引术percutanous needle biopsy under CT guidance ( for peripheral tumour
23、s)video-assisted thoracoscopic-guidedrkskup 胸腔镜 lung biopsyopen lung biopsy开肺活检pleural biopsy胸膜活检biopsy of enlarged lymph nodes增大淋巴结活检D-Dimers D-二聚体electrocardiogram (ECG) 心电图echocardiogram 超声心动图V/Q ( ventilation/perfusion scanning)通气/血流比例 Magnetic Resonance Angiography,ndirfi磁共振血管造影术pulmonary angiography肺血管造影术Dopplerdpl 多普勒 USS thighai大腿pelvispelvis 骨盆 (USS: ultrasound scanning)cardiac monitor心脏监护示波器PSG( polysommography)多导睡眠监测 29.incidence rate 发病率 prevalence rate 患病率 mortality rate 死亡率 birth rate 出生率 survival rate 生存率 case fatality rate 某病病死率
