1、考研作文词汇部分考研作文基本上分为图画作文和图表作文，而近年来只考了图画作文，因此我们已总结图画作文为重点，对图表作文只做一般介绍处理。此部分主要总结作文常用的词汇，包括作文中常应用的连词、以及常用的热点词汇(纵观今年来的作文，主要涉及文化教育、健康、环保等问题)。一、图表作文常用词汇：表格图table ；图表chart; diagram graph column描述：show; describe; illustrate; reveal; represent数字figure;数据statistic;百分比percentage;比例proportion上升：increase rise ascen
2、d core surge go up climb mount level up下降: decrease fall drop descend decline reduce lessen level down平稳: stable steady remain/maintain/keep/be the same as/similar to波动: fluctuate fluctuation rise and falls up and down占: occupy take up account for gain而: while however whereas on the other hand actua
3、lly/in fact相比: by contract on the contrary likewise compared with最高点: the highest the top the summit the peak the most最低点: bottom less least rock bottom平均: mean average趋势: tendancy trend inclination预见: prediction达到顶峰: mount to由组成：consist of/be made up of /be composed of占44%比例：account for /make up 44
4、 percent位居第一：rank the first仅次于is second to居第二位：in second spot倒数第一is the last one第二大部份rank the second/the second largest section与.相比：compared withA与B成比例A be in proportion to B差不多：About/around/roughly多达as many as正好：Exactly/precisely水平：level off二、图画作文常用词汇：(1)常见热点词汇：1.素质教育：Quality Education2.EQ：分两种，一种为教
5、育商数Educational quotient,另一种情感商数Emotional quotient3.保险业： the insurance industry4.保证重点指出： ensure funding for priority areas5.补发拖欠的养老金： clear up pension payments in arrears6.不良贷款： non-perFORMing loan7.层层转包和违法分包： mutlti-level contracting and illegal subcontracting8.城乡信用社： credit cooperative in both urba
6、n and rural areas9.城镇居民最低生活保障： a minimum standard of living for city residents10.城镇职工医疗保障制度： the system of medical insurance for urban workers11.出口信贷： export credit12.贷款质量： loan quality13.贷款质量五级分类办法： the five-category assets classification for bank loans14.防范和化解金融风险： take precautions against and red
7、uce financial risks15.防洪工程： flood-prevention project16.非法外汇交易： illegal foreign exchange transaction17.非贸易收汇： foreign exchange earnings through nontrade channels18.非银行金融机构： non-bank financial institutions19.费改税： transFORM administrative fees into taxes20.跟踪审计： foolow-up auditing21.工程监理制度： the monitor
8、ing system for projects22.国有资产安全： the safety of state-owned assets23.过度开垦： excess reclamation24.合同管理制度： the contract system for governing projects25.积极的财政政策： pro-active fiscal policy26.基本生活费： basic allowance27.解除劳动关系： sever labor relation28.金融监管责任制： the responsibility system for financial supervisio
9、n29.经济安全： economic security30.靠扩大财政赤字搞建设： to increase the deficit to spend more on development31.扩大国内需求： the expansion of domestic demand32.拉动经济增长： fuel economic growth33.粮食仓库： grain depot34.粮食收购企业： grain collection and storage enterprise35.粮食收购资金实行封闭运行： closed operation of grain purchase funds36.粮食
10、销售市场： grain sales market37.劣质工程： shoddy engineering38.乱收费、乱摊派、乱罚款： arbitrary charges, fund-raising, quotas and fines39.骗汇、逃汇、套汇： obtain foreign currency under false pretenses, not turn over foreign owed to the government and illegal arbitrage40.融资渠道： financing channels41.商业信贷原则： the principles for c
11、ommercial credit42.社会保险机构： social security institution43.失业保险金： unemployment insurance benefits44.偷税、骗税、逃税、抗税： tax evasion, tax fraud and refusal to pay taxes45.外汇收支： foreign exchange revenue and spending46.安居工程： housing project for low-income urban residents47.信息化： inFORMation-based; inFORMationiza
12、tion48.智力密集型： concentration of brain power; knowledge-intensive49.外资企业： overseas-funded enterprises50.下岗职工： laid-off workers51.分流： reposition of redundant personnel52.素质教育： education for all-round development53.豆腐渣工程： jerry-built projects54.社会治安情况： law-and-order situation55.民族国家： nation state56.“台独”
13、： independence of Taiwan57.台湾当局： Taiwan authorities58.台湾同胞： Taiwan compatriots59.台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分：Taiwan is an inalienable part of the Chinese territory.60.西部大开发： Development of the West Regions61.可持续性发展： sustainable development62.风险投资： risk investment63.通货紧缩： deflation64.扩大内需： to expand domestic dem
14、and65.计算机辅助教学： computer-assisted instruction (CAI)66.网络空间： cyberspace67.虚拟现实： virtual reality68.网民： netizen (net citizen)69.电脑犯罪： computer crime70.电子商务： the e-business71.网上购物： shopping online72.应试教育： exam-oriented education73.学生减负： to reduce study load74.“厄尔尼诺”：(EL Nino)75.“拉尼娜”：(La Nina)76.“智商”：(IQ
15、)77.“情商”：(EQ)78.“第三产业”：(third/tertiary industry, service sector, third sequence of enterprises)79.“第四产业”：(quaternary/inFORMation industry)79.“军嫂”：(military spouse)80.“峰会”(香港译“极峰会议”)”：summit (conference81.“克隆”：clone82.“冰毒”：ice83.“摇头丸”：dancing outreach84.“传销”：multi level marketing85.“(计算机)2000年问题”：Y2K
16、 problem (y for year, k for kilo or thousand)86.“白皮书”：white paper (不是white cover book)87.“傻瓜相机”：Instamatic (商标名，焦距、镜头均固定，被称为foolproof相机)；88.“白条”：IOU note (IOU：债款、债务，由I owe you的读音缩略转义而来)89.“巡回招聘”：milk round (一种招聘毕业生的方式，大公司走访各大学及学院，向求职者介绍本公司情况并与报名者晤谈)。90.“减员增效”：increase efficiency by downsizing staff;
17、91.“抓大放小”：manage large enterprises well while ease control over small ones;92.“市政府要办的X件实事”：x major projects that should be given top priority as designated on the municipal governments working agenda;93.“两个基本点”：two focal points, two of the major points of the line set by the 13th Congress of the CPC
18、, I. e. upholding the four cardinal principles and the policies reFORM, opening to the outside world and invigorating domestic economy。94.“投资热点”：a region attractive to investors, a muchsought piece of hand, popular investment spot95.“移动电话”：本系cellular (有时简作cel)或mobile (tele) phone96.“三角债”：chain debts
19、或debt chains97.“拳头产品”：knockout product98.“投诉热线”：dial-a-cheat confidential hotline (打电话告诉一件欺诈事件)99.“三通”的现译文three links：link of trade, travel and post100.“外资”：overseas investments101.“开放”：open to the outside world102.“联防”：community/teampolicing (一种由警察和辖区居民共同参与的治安管理)103.“三陪服务”：escort services (陪伴服务)。10
20、4.“五讲四美”：five stresses and four points of beauty105.“暴利”：excessive/extravagant/exorbitant/sudden huge profit (windfall profit也好)106.“暴发户”：upstart, parvenu, noov (e)，nouveau riche (new rich)，jumped-up people (口语)107.“快餐”：snack (food)，quick meal, fast (food, meal)，takeaway, carryout, MRE (meals ready
21、to eat) “一次(性/用)”108.一次处理：single/primary treatment;109.一次污染：primary pollution;110.一次冻透：straight; freez-ing;111.一次空气：fresh/primary air;112.一次爆破：onepull;113.一次付清： pay in full;114.一次消费：one-time-consumption;115.一次误差：first-order error;116.一次成像照片：a Polaroid picture;117.一次偿还信贷： non-in-stallment;118.一次性杯子：s
22、anitary cup;119.一次性筷子：disposable chopsticks;120.一次性收入：lump-sum payment;121.一次用包装：non-returnable container;122.一次用相机：single-use camera123.西部开发：Develop Western Regions124.假日经济：Holiday Economy125.手机的利与弊：Advantages and Disadvantages of the Cell Phone126.传呼机不久将会被淘汰吗？：Can Beepers Be Soon Out of Use?127.电脑
23、病毒：Computer Viruses128.网上犯罪：Cyber Crimes129.旅游热：Tourism Wave130.打拐：Cracking Down on the Abduction of Women and Children131.反毒斗争：Anti-drug Battle132.黑客：Hackers133.减负：Reduction of Students Study Load134.中国加入世贸组织：Chinas Entry into the WTO135.沙尘暴：Sandstorms136.告别1999：Farewell to the Special Year 1999137
24、.千年虫：The Millennium Bug138.千禧年的梦想：My Millennium Dreams139.拥抱新千年：Embracing the New Millennium140.网上购物：Shopping on the Net141.参考书的负面效应：My View on the Negative Effects of Reference Books142.因特网的利与弊：Positive and Negative Aspects of Internet143.人类第一张基因草图的意义：The Significance of the First Working Draft of
25、Human Genome Map144.高校合并：The Merging of Universities145.网上求职：Hunting for A Job on Internet146.何为新世纪的好老师？：What Is a Good Teacher in the Next Century?147.中国的外资：Chinas foreign Investment148.中国的人才流失：The Talent Flight in China149.性教育：Sex Education150.明天的因特网：The Future Tomorrows Internet151.课堂是以教师为中心还是以学生
26、为中心？：A Teacher-centered Class or A Student-centered Class?152.现有的考试制度的利与弊：The Positive and Negative Aspects of Exams and the Existing Examination System153.中国的因特网：Internet in China154.中国的电脑：Computers in China155.中国的大学英语教学：College English Teaching in China156.新的收费政策把学生拒之门外了吗？：Does New Tuition Policy
27、Keep Students Away?157.家教的利与弊：Positive and Negative Aspects of Home Tutoring158.教师，国家的未来：Teachers, A Nations Future159.电子词典：Electronic Dictionaries160.教育应是应试教育还是素质教育：Education: Examination-oriented or Quality-oriented161.提倡创新精神：Develop Our Creative Mind162.计算机辅助教学：CAI/Computer Assisted Instruction16
28、3.自动取款机的利与弊：Advantages and Disadvantages of the ATM164.展望廿一世纪：Looking Forward to the 21st Century165.盗版问题：Problem of Piracy166.学会如何学习：Learn How to Learn167.假文凭：Fake Diplomas168.书的不良影响：My View on the Negative Effects of Books169.人们为什么热衷于摸彩票？：Why Do People Like to Try Their Luck on Lottery?170.兼职工作：My
29、 View on a Part-time Job171.无偿献血：Blood Donation without Repayment172.留学海外：Studying Abroad173.发展经济还是保护环境？：Developing Economy or Protecting the Environment?174.电子邮件：The Internet E-mail175.拥抱知识经济的新时代：Embracing the Knowledge Economy Age176.努力更新知识：Trying to Renew Knowledge177.深化(中国的)改革：Deepen Chinas ReFO
30、RM178.因特网的利与弊：The Advantages and Disadvantages of Internet179.我们需要因特网吗？：Do We Need Internet?180.大学英语考试：College English Test181.大学英语四、六级考试有必要吗？：Is the College English Test Band 4/Band 6 Necessary?182.廿一世纪的青年人：The Youth and the 21st Century(2)分类热点词汇：1.涉及文化教育的词汇：自学成才to become educated through independe
31、nt study启发式elicitation method (of teaching); heuristic method填鸭式教学法cramming/forced-feeding method of teaching普及教育universal education义务教育compulsory education; free education学前教育preschool education初等教育elementary education中等教育secondary education高等教育higher/tertiary education普遍教育general education成人教育adul
32、t education职业技术教育vocational and technical education国家教育委员会State Education Commission高等学校institution of higher education综合性大学comprehensive university文科大学university of liberal arts文科院校colleges of art理工科大学college/university of science and engineering师范大学normal university; teachers university师范学院teacher
33、s college工业大学polytechnical university工业学院engineering institute农业大学agricultural university农学院agricultural college医科大学medical university医学院medical college/school中医院institute of traditional Chinese medicine音乐学院conservatory of music美术学院academy of fine arts体育学院physical culture institute分校branch school重点学
34、校key school业余学校spare-time school业余职工大学spare-time college for staff and workers电视广播大学television and radio broadcasting university函授学院correspondence school教师进修学校teachers college for vocational studies成人夜校night school for adults业余艺术/体育学校amateur arts/athletic school半工半读学校part-work and part-study school中
35、等专业学校secondary specialized school; polytechnic school中等技术学校secondary technical school; technical secondary school职业学校vocational school附中attached middle school在职进修班in-service training course进修班class for advanced studies短训班short-term training course专修科special (training) course自学考试self-taught examinati
36、on教职员teaching and administrative staff教学人员the faculty; teaching staff中、小学校长headmaster/headmistress; principal大专院校校长president; chancellor教务长dean of studies(系)主任chairman; chairperson副主任vice-chairman教授professor副教授associate professor客座教授visiting professor; guest professor讲师lecturer助教assistant专职教师full-ti
37、me teacher兼职教师part-time teacher辅导员assistant for political and ideological work教研室/组teaching and research section/group教学组teaching group教员休息室staff room; common room母校Alma Mater校友alumnus; alumna学生会students union/association高年级学生upper/higher grade pupil/student; pupil/student in senior grades低年级学生lower
38、 grade pupil/student; pupil/student in junior grades走读生day student; non-resident student住宿生boarder旁听生auditor研究生graduate student; post-graduate (student)应届毕业生graduating student/pupil; this years graduates听课to visit a class; to sit in on a class; p to attend a lecture公开课open class课程course; curriculum必
39、修课required/compulsory course选修课elective/optional course基础课basic course专业课specialized course课程表school timetable课外活动extracurricular activities课外辅导instruction after class课外阅读outside reading课堂讨论class discussion(大学的)研究小组；讨论会seminar教学大纲teaching program; syllabus教学内容content of courses学习年限period of schoolin
40、g学历record of formal schooling学年school/academic year学期(school) term; semester学分credit分数mark; grade五分制the 5-grade marking system百分制100-mark system学习成绩academic record; school record成绩单school report; report card; transcript毕业论文thesis; dissertation毕业实习graduation field work毕业设计graduation ceremony毕业典礼gradu
41、ation ceremony; commencement毕业证书diploma; graduation certificate毕业鉴定graduation appraisal授予某人学位to confer a degree on sb.升级to be promoted to a higher grade留级to repeat the years work; to stay down补考make-up examination升学t o go to a school of a higher grade; to enter a higher school升学率proportion of studen
42、ts entering schools of a higher grade奖学金scholarship(国家)助学金(state) stipend/subsidy领取助学金的学生a grant-aided student学费tuition (fee)伙食费board expenses伙食补助food allowance文凭diplomas and certificates考研热the craze for graduate school study应试教育the examination-oriented education义务教育compulsory education复合型人才interdis
43、ciplinary talents文化底蕴the rich cultural deposits大学生创业the university students innovative undertakings扩招expand enrollment被授予学位be granted a an official certificate from高分低能good scores but low qualities片面追求升学率place undue emphasis on the proportion of students entering schools of a higher level退学drop out
44、of the school形成淘汰制度frame an elimination system教书育人impart knowledge and educate people因材施教teach students according to their aptitude德才兼备possess political integrity and professional ability品学兼优be a students of fine qualities and fine scholar提高学生身心素质improve the health and psychological quality适应社会的改变ad
45、just to the social changes quickly满足社会的急需meet the urgent need of the society保护知识产权protect the intellectual property才疏学浅be wanting in ability and shallow in knowledge努力获得精神文明make efforts to seek cultural and ideological progress减轻负担reduce the heavy burdens更加有意义和丰富的生活a more vigorous, colorful and dyna
46、mic life2.涉及工作的词汇：崇高职业noble career白领工作white-collar workers跳槽job-hopping试用期probationary period人才流动和双向选择talent flow and a dual-way selection自由职业freelance work拜金主义money worship获得名利achieve fame and wealth充分发挥个人的潜力develop fully ones potential and creativity实干精神steadfast and earnest in ones work工作出色excel
47、in ones work无忧无虑be care-free社会和个人的尊重social and personal esteem生计问题a bread and butter issue生活补助living subsidies人才交流talents exchange培养人才cultivate talents推荐人才recommend the virtuous and able人才外流brain drain优化产业结构optimize the structure精简人员cut off the overstaffed offices提高综合素质improve the comprehensive quality解决劳动就业问题tackle the problem of labor force utilization砸掉大锅饭s
