1、河南城建学院人工智能实验报告实验名称：实现基于谓词逻辑的归结原理成 绩：_ 专业班级： 学 号： 姓 名： 实验日期 ：20 14 年 05 月 13日实验器材： 一台装PC机。1、 实验目的 熟练掌握使用归结原理进行定理证明的过程，掌握基于谓词逻辑的归结过程中，子句变换过程、替换与合一算法、归结过程及简单归结策略等重要环节，进一步了解机器自动定理证明的实现过程。2、 实验要求对于任意给定的一阶谓词逻辑所描述的定理，要求实现如下过程：(1) 谓词公式到子句集变换；(2) 替换与合一算法；(3) 在某简单归结策略下的归结。3、 实验步骤 步1 设计谓词公式及自居的存储结构，即内部表示。注意对全称
2、量词x和存在量词$x可采用其他符号代替；步2 实现谓词公式到子句集变换过程；步3 实现替换与合一算法；步4 实现某简单归结策略；步5 设计输出，动态演示归结过程，可以以归结树的形式给出；步6 实现谓词逻辑中的归结过程，其中要调用替换与合一算法和归结策略。4、 代码谓词公式到子句集变换的源代码：#include#include#include#includeusing namespace std;/一些函数的定义void initString(string &ini);/初始化string del_inlclue(string temp);/消去蕴涵符号string dec_neg_rand(s
3、tring temp);/减少否定符号的辖域string standard_var(string temp);/对变量标准化string del_exists(string temp);/消去存在量词string convert_to_front(string temp);/化为前束形string convert_to_and(string temp);/把母式化为合取范式string del_all(string temp);/消去全称量词string del_and(string temp);/消去连接符号合取%string change_name(string temp);/更换变量名称
4、/辅助函数定义bool isAlbum(char temp);/是字母string del_null_bracket(string temp);/删除多余的括号string del_blank(string temp);/删除多余的空格void checkLegal(string temp);/检查合法性char numAfectChar(int temp);/数字显示为字符/主函数void main()cout-求子句集九步法演示-P);/orign = (#x)y(x);/orign = (x)x!b(x);/orign = (x!y);/orign = (a(b);string orig
5、n,temp;char command,command0,command1,command2,command3,command4,command5,command6,command7,command8,command9,command10;/=cout请输入(Y/y)初始化谓词演算公式command;if(command = y | command = Y)initString(orign);elseexit(0);/=cout请输入(Y/y)消除空格command0;if(command0 = y | command0 = Y)/del_blank(orign);/undonecout消除空
6、格后是endlorignendl;elseexit(0);/=cout请输入(Y/y)消去蕴涵项command1;if(command1 = y | command1 = Y)orign =del_inlclue(orign);cout消去蕴涵项后是endlorignendl;elseexit(0);/=cout请输入(Y/y)减少否定符号的辖域command2;if(command2 = y | command2 = Y)dotemp = orign;orign = dec_neg_rand(orign);while(temp != orign);cout减少否定符号的辖域后是endlori
7、gnendl;elseexit(0);/=cout请输入(Y/y)对变量进行标准化command3;if(command3 = y | command3 = Y)orign = standard_var(orign);cout对变量进行标准化后是endlorignendl;elseexit(0);/=cout请输入(Y/y)消去存在量词command4;if(command4 = y | command4 = Y)orign = del_exists(orign);cout消去存在量词后是(w = g(x)是一个Skolem函数)endlorignendl;elseexit(0);/=cout
8、请输入(Y/y)化为前束形command5;if(command5 = y | command5= Y)orign = convert_to_front(orign);cout化为前束形后是endlorignendl;elseexit(0);/=cout请输入(Y/y)把母式化为合取方式command6;if(command6 = y | command6 = Y)orign = convert_to_and(orign);cout把母式化为合取方式后是endlorignendl;elseexit(0);/=cout请输入(Y/y)消去全称量词command7;if(command7 = y
9、| command7 = Y)orign= del_all(orign);cout消去全称量词后是endlorignendl;elseexit(0);/=cout请输入(Y/y)消去连接符号command8;if(command8 = y | command8 = Y)orign = del_and(orign);cout消去连接符号后是endlorignendl;elseexit(0);/=cout请输入(Y/y)变量分离标准化command9;if(command9 = y | command9 = Y)orign = change_name(orign);cout变量分离标准化后是(x1
10、,x2,x3代替变量x)endlorignendl;elseexit(0);/=cout-完毕-endl;cout(请输入Y/y)结束endl;dowhile(y = getchar() | Y=getchar();exit(0); void initString(string &ini)char commanda,commandb;cout请输入您所需要转换的谓词公式endl;cout需要查看输入帮助(Y/N)? commanda;if(commanda = Y | commanda = y)cout,全称量词为,存在量词为#,endl取反为,吸取为!,合取为%,左右括号分别为( 、 )，函
11、数名请用一个字母endl;cout请输入(y/n)选择是否用户自定义commandb;if(commandb =Y| commandb=y)cinini;elseini = (x)(P(x)(y)(P(y)P(f(x, y)%(y)(Q(x,y)P(y);cout原始命题是endlini蕴涵项/ab变为a!bchar ctemp100=;string output;int length = temp.length();int i = 0,right_bracket = 0,falg= 0;stack stack1,stack2,stack3;strcpy(ctemp,temp.c_str();
12、while(ctempi != 0 & i = ctempi+1)/如果是ab则用a!b替代falg = 1;if(isAlbum(ctempi)/如果是字母则把ctempi弹出stack1.pop();stack1.push();stack1.push(ctempi);stack1.push(!);i = i + 1;else if() = ctempi)right_bracket+;doif( = stack1.top()right_bracket-;stack3.push(stack1.top();stack1.pop();while(right_bracket != 0);stack3
13、.push(stack1.top();stack1.pop();stack1.push();while(!stack3.empty()stack1.push(stack3.top();stack3.pop();stack1.push(!);i = i + 1;i+;while(!stack1.empty()stack2.push(stack1.top();stack1.pop();while(!stack2.empty()output += stack2.top();stack2.pop();if(falg = 1)return output;elsereturn temp;string de
14、c_neg_rand(string temp)/减少否定符号的辖域char ctemp100,tempc;string output;int flag2 = 0;int i = 0,left_bracket = 0,length = temp.length();stack stack1,stack2;queue queue1;strcpy(ctemp,temp.c_str();/复制到字符数组中while(ctempi != 0 & i =0);queue1.push();while(!queue1.empty()tempc = queue1.front();queue1.pop();stac
15、k1.push(tempc);i +;while(!stack1.empty()stack2.push(stack1.top();stack1.pop();while(!stack2.empty()output += stack2.top();stack2.pop();if(flag2 = 1)temp = output;/*/char ctemp1100;string output1;stack stack11,stack22;int falg1 = 0;int times = 0;int length1 = temp.length(),inleftbackets = 1,j = 0;str
16、cpy(ctemp1,temp.c_str();while(ctemp1j != 0 & j =0 & times = 0)stack11.push(ctemp1j);if(ctemp1j = ()inleftbackets +;else if(ctemp1j = )inleftbackets -;if(inleftbackets = 1 & ctemp1j+1 = ! & ctemp1j+2 != & ctemp1j+2 != #)falg1 =1;stack11.push();/stack11.push(%);stack11.push();stack11.push();/j = j+1;i
17、f(inleftbackets = 1 & ctemp1j+1 = % & ctemp1j+2 != & ctemp1j+2 != #)falg1 =1;stack11.push();/stack11.push(!);stack11.push();stack11.push();/j = j+1;j = j +1;if(falg1 = 1)stack11.push();stack11.pop();stack11.push();/此处有bugstack11.push();/此处有bugj +;while(!stack11.empty()stack22.push(stack11.top();stac
18、k11.pop();while(!stack22.empty()output1 += stack22.top();stack22.pop();if(falg1 = 1)temp = output1;/*/char ctemp3100;string output3;int k = 0,left_bracket3 = 1,length3 = temp.length();stack stack13,stack23;int flag = 0,bflag = 0;strcpy(ctemp3,temp.c_str();/复制到字符数组中while(ctemp3k != 0 & k =0)stack13.p
19、ush(ctemp3k+1);if(ctemp3k+1 = ()left_bracket3 +;if(ctemp3k+1 = )left_bracket3 -;if(ctemp3k+1 = ! | ctemp3k+1 = %)bflag = 1;k +;stack13.pop();k +;while(!stack13.empty()stack23.push(stack13.top();stack13.pop();while(!stack23.empty()output3 += stack23.top();stack23.pop();if(flag = 1 & bflag = 0)temp =
20、output3;return temp;string standard_var(string temp)/对变量标准化,简化,不考虑多层嵌套char ctemp100,des10= ;strcpy(ctemp,temp.c_str();stack stack1,stack2;int l_bracket = 1,falg = 0,bracket = 1;int i = 0,j = 0;string output;while(ctempi != 0 & i temp.length()stack1.push(ctempi);if(ctempi = | ctempi = #)stack1.push(c
21、tempi+1);desj = ctempi+1;j+;stack1.push(ctempi+2);i = i + 3;stack1.push(ctempi);i+;if(ctempi-1 = ()while(ctempi != 0 & l_bracket != 0)if(ctempi = ()l_bracket +;if(ctempi = )l_bracket -;if(ctempi = ( & ctempi+1 = )desj = ctempi+2;j+;if(ctempi+1 = ( & ctempi+2 = # )falg = 1;int kk = 1;stack1.push(ctem
22、pi);stack1.push();stack1.push(ctempi+2);i = i+3;if(ctempi = y)ctempi =w;stack1.push(ctempi);stack1.push();stack1.push();i = i+3;while(kk != 0)if(ctempi=()kk+;if(ctempi =)kk-;if(ctempi = y)ctempi =w;stack1.push(ctempi);i+;stack1.push(ctempi);i +;i +;while(!stack1.empty()stack2.push(stack1.top();stack
23、1.pop();while(!stack2.empty()output += stack2.top();stack2.pop();if(falg = 1)return output;elsereturn temp;string del_exists(string temp)/消去存在量词char ctemp100,unknow;strcpy(ctemp,temp.c_str();int left_brackets = 0,i = 0,falg = 0;queue queue1;string output;while(ctempi != 0 & i temp.length()if(ctempi
24、=( & ctempi+1 =#)falg = 1;unknow = ctempi+2;i = i+4;doif(ctempi = ()left_brackets +;if(ctempi = )left_brackets -;if(ctempi = unknow)queue1.push(g);queue1.push();queue1.push(x);queue1.push();if(ctempi != unknow)queue1.push(ctempi);i+;while(left_brackets != 0);queue1.push(ctempi);i+;while(!queue1.empt
25、y()output+= queue1.front();queue1.pop();if(falg = 1)return output;elsereturn temp;string convert_to_front(string temp)/化为前束形char ctemp100;strcpy(ctemp,temp.c_str();int i = 0;string out_var = ,output = ;while(ctempi != 0 & i temp.length()if(ctempi = ( & ctempi+1 = )out_var = out_var + ctempi ;/()out_
26、var = out_var + ctempi+1 ;out_var = out_var +ctempi+2;out_var = out_var +ctempi+3;i = i + 4;output = output + ctempi;i+;output = out_var + output;return output; string convert_to_and(string temp)/把母式化为合取范式 ,Q/A?temp = (x)(y)(P(x)!(P(y)!P(f(x,y)%(P(x)!Q(x,g(x)%(P(x)!(P(g(x);return temp;string del_all
27、(string temp)/消去全称量词char ctemp100;strcpy(ctemp,temp.c_str();int i = 0,flag = 0;string output = ;while(ctempi != 0 & i temp.length()if(ctempi = ( & ctempi+1 = )i = i + 4;flag = 1;elseoutput = output + ctempi;i +;return output;string del_and(string temp)/消去连接符号合取%char ctemp100;strcpy(ctemp,temp.c_str(
28、);int i = 0,flag = 0;string output = ;while(ctempi != 0 & i temp.length()if(ctempi = % )ctempi = n;output = output +ctempi;i+;return output;string change_name(string temp)/更换变量名称char ctemp100;strcpy(ctemp,temp.c_str();string output = ;int i = 0,j = 0,falg = 0;while(ctempi != 0 & i temp.length()falg+;while(n != ctempi & i temp.length
