1、A Critique of “Contrastive Analysis of Compliment between English and Chinese ”1. Introduction of the article Rui Yu, Li Fu & Xiao-Yu Hou s “Contrastive Analysis of Compliment between English and Chinese” is a classic in intercultural communication studies. It is published in Journal of Intercultura
2、l Communication StudiesXVI, 2007, Volume 1, Pages 153-162.2. Analysis of the articleThe social phenomenon of compliment behavior exists in various societies and linguistic cultures. The compliment behavior can not only enhance the relationship between communicators but also consolidate and strengthe
3、n the solidarity among communicators. Thus, the compliment behavior operates like social lubricant. Compliment responses in Chinese and English have different characteristics because they are influenced by different social factors. Consequently, the study on compliment has been paid extensive attent
4、ion to.This thesis aims at investigating the characteristics of compliment responses in Chinese and English, comparing their differences and similarities and attempting to analyze the reasons which lead to the differences and similarities from cross-cultural perspective.Based on Julia Goussevas expe
5、riment, a similar experiment was designed and carried out by the present author. The purposes were to find the features of compliment in Chinese by Chinese students, to discover similarities and differences of compliment between English and Chinese and to explore the reasons why the differences in l
6、inguistic performance exist. This article provides deeper research on this subject and examines genre of written discourse. Most of previous studies abroad and in China focus on the syntax and the topic of compliment behavior itself. This article also claims that most of the studies,such as its func
7、tion,implication,and causes are based mostly on the study on the oral compliment. As for the oral compliment,this paper shows it very clear in the literature review. And it demonstrates the syntactic differences between Chinese and English compliments by the table.When it comes to the research on th
8、e written complient,it mentions focusly on the gender difference in compliment. In this thesis, the quantitative method and the qualitative method are adopted. It collects materials from college students at Chinese Department of a University,and native speakers of Chinese and non-English majors. The
9、 experiment was carefully designed so as to keep great resemblance with that of Julia Goussevas. And the study consisted of two parts, (1) gender-linked features, such as positive evaluation, intensifiers and personal involvement, and (2) discourse strategies, such as good/bad new strategies, openin
10、g, closing and framing strategies, and their interests were on the differences associated genders. Then it analyzes the data and summarizes the different characteristics on compliment responses in Chinese and English through a couple of tables. Finally, it explains the differences in the application
11、 of linguistic forms and strategy to the compliment, so as to learn the social and cultural factors that might account for these differences. The major findings of this study are as follows:(1) the biggest difference lies in the use of positive evaluation, that is to say the American students use mo
12、re positive evaluation. This may be explained by that many Americans are very active in expressing their ideas and feelings while more Chinese would like to choose neutral words and restrain their feeling, for many of them were taught to be observed and not to be heard when they were young. Most of
13、the English speakers tend to accept compliments. Moreover, they often offer series of comments on the object complimented when they accept compliments. They usually express their disagreement directly when they reject compliments. In addition, English speaker use some combined strategies to express
14、their responses to compliment.(2) The American students use more first person pronoun (2.17 vs. 0.93) and less third person pronouns (1.09 vs. 2.68) than their Chinese counterparts. It is known to us that the idea of being self-oriented is favored by many people in America. They intend to maximize t
15、he use of first person pronoun in order to show their opinion directly in interaction. On the contrary, the idea of other-oriented has exerted influence over China for thousands of years, and many Chinese learn to minimize self importance by maximizing the use of the third person pronoun. Most of Ch
16、inese people tend to reject compliments. When they accept compliments, Chinese people often transfer the eompliment to some third person or to the object itself. Besides, Chinese speakers have one more strategyDetermination Expression to respond to compliment. They tend to express their determinatio
17、ns when they meet compliment from persons who have higher status. In addition, Chinese speakers employ more diverse sub-strategies to respond to compliments than English speakers. Finally, More Chinese speakers tend to give no response when they meet compliments than English speakers.(3) Chinese col
18、lege students tend to accept compliments much more frequently than other people. The reason lies in students adaptation to the change of culture which results from social development and the influence of foreign cultures.(4) The reason of all these differences can attribute to their adaptation to di
19、fferent social worlds, which include different traditional values, different politeness principles, different realization of face, and influence of western culture.The study has some significance. Firstly, this study helps us understand differences between Chinese and English compliment responses. T
20、hus, pragmatic mistakes in the cross-cultural communication can be avoided. Secondly, this study also gives the analysis of the Chinese compliment responses which enables more foreigners to know and accept Chinese communication criterions. Finally, it makes a conclusion that culture and language are
21、 interwoven, and the inclination of communicative choices is closely associated with social norms and cultural background. 3. Critique of the articleAs summarized above, this is a good article with a well-chosen topic supported by many well-devised studies, which set a model for the following studie
22、s. The studies are rigorous in that the deeper research on this subject from cross cultural perspective. Besides, in the study, the peer review and comparison among various aspects of American compliment and Chineses were taken into consideration. This study helps us understand differences between C
23、hinese and English compliment responses. The research on syntax between English and Chinese shows clearly that there are much difference in oral compliment. Pragmatic mistakes in the cross-cultural communication can be avoided. The finding that the American compliment resembles the Chinese one in fo
24、rms, strategies and functions in the situation under study. Meanwhile, it also proves that a great deal of discrepancy emerges in the use of positive evaluation, of the 1st and 3rd person pronouns and of some discourse strategies, which are worth studying. In addition, the writers also found that th
25、e biggest difference lies in the use of positive evaluation, that is to say the American students use more positive evaluation. This may be explained by that many Americans are very active in expressing their ideas and feelings while more Chinese would like to choose neutral words and restrain their
26、 feeling, for many of them were taught to be observed and not to be heard when they were young. This study also improves that language is the carrier and mirror of its respective culture, which makes the whole research more convincing.Moreover, the finding that he American students use more first pe
27、rson pronoun (2.17 vs. 0.93) and less third person pronouns (1.09 vs. 2.68) than their Chinese counterparts has profound pedagogical implications and opens a new area for further research. However, there are also some drawbacks in this article. On the one hand, it is not clear on compliment response
28、s. And the compliment responses are very few At the same time, studies of compliment from the aspect of pragmatics are limited in number. Therefore, this thesis can explore and analyze compliment responses from another new perspective and the paper may be more convincing.On the other hand, though af
29、ter a couple of studies showed great progress, the question why men and women adopt such different evaluations has not been emphasized. To conclude, the studies are still rigorous and this article is still quite informative, convincing and thought-provoking though there are some shortcomings. This study analyzes the difference between Chinese and English compliment from a new perspective and a new inspiration can be given to other researchers.
