1、语法框架英语语法框架概述一、 词法 数量：10大类 分类依据：形式特征、意义、句法作用词类定义例词实词Notionalword名词Noun表示事物名称的词Market, people, water, information代词Pronoun代替名词或名词所有格的词I, me, we, your, hers, all, nothing动词Verb表示动作或状态的词Are, do, go, eat形容词Adjective表示人或事物性质特征的词Young, fast, excellent副词Adverb表示动作、状态、性质的程度的词Very, well, always数词Numeral表示数目或顺
2、序的词One, first, thousand虚词Emptyword冠词Article名词前，说明名词含义A, an, the介词Proposition名词或代词之间，表关系Of, to, after,连词Conjunction连接，“关节”之意And, but, if感叹词Injection情感态度的词Oh, ah, well二、 句法 分类方法：按成分、按类别1. 句子成分成分充当词例句主语 subject“谁”“什么”动作或状态的发出者名词人称代词物主代词指示代词疑问代词不定代词基数词序数词形容词不定式动名词从句NounPersonal pronounPossessive pronoun
3、Demonstrative pronounInterrogative pronounIndefinite pronounCardinal numeralOrdinal numeralAdjectiveInfinitiveGerundclauseThe sun gives us light and heat.We love life.Your idea is good, but mine is better.This is my favorite teacher.What is the most important thing in your life?Nobody can stop me st
4、udying.Two of you are my best students.The second is my sister.The old should be taken care of in our country.To talk is easier than to do.Helping others can bring us happiness.What you did is better than what you said.谓语 predicate主语的动作或状态实意动词联系动词Notional verbLinking verbWe plan to review our lesson
5、s in three months.We are Chinese.宾语 object及物动词或及物动词短语的对象或内容名词人称代词反身代词指示代词疑问代词不定代词物主代词相互代词NounPersonal pronounReflexive pronounDemonstrative pronounInterrogative pronounInfinitive pronounPossessive pronounReciprocal pronounNowadays many foreigners are learning Chinese.He fools us all.Believe in yours
6、elf.I thank you will like this.Who are you waiting for?They got everything they want.He is an old friends of hers.We should learn to respect each other. 宾语补足语 object complement宾语之后，补充说明形容词副词名词介词短语不定式现在分词过去分词AdjectiveAdverbNounPrepositional phraseInfinitivePresent participlePast participleThat news w
7、ill make mother happy.Let me show you out.We chose Tom our monitor.Jerry found him in a strange world.Do not force me to do anything I dont like.Dont keep me waiting too long.They ran away and left the work unfinished.表语 predictive说明主语，“补足语”形容词副词指示代词疑问代词不定代词基数词序数词介词短语不定式动名词现在分词过去分词从句AdjectiveAdverbD
8、emonstrative pronounInterrogative pronounIndefinite pronounCardinal numeralOrdinal numeralPrepositional phraseInfinitiveGerundPresent participlePast participleclause The mountains are green.Time is up.What I want is this.I wander who you are.It is nothing serious.Two plus two is four.My mother is al
9、ways the first to get up.The watch is just under the table.My job is to clean the road.His bobby is collecting stamps.The result is disappointing.We are disappointed to the result.That is what IQ means.定语 attribute修饰名词或代词名词形容词副词物主代词指示代词疑问代词不定代词基数词序数词介词短语不定式动名词现在分词过去分词从句NounAdjectiveAdverbPossessive
10、pronounDemonstrative pronounInterrogative pronounIndefinite pronounCardinal numeralOrdinal numeralPrepositional phraseInfinitiveGerundPresent participlePast participleclauseHe works in a car factory.Now the world is just like a small village.The native there are very friendly.Their invention won the
11、 world prize.These wild plants are well protected.Which river is the longest in the world?Both his parents are doctors.The organization contains eight countries.He was the fifth player to receive the honor.Many secrets in space remain unknown.So I have nothing to say for myself.I bought a walking st
12、ick for my grandfather.Tom got injured by a falling tree.They reached an old house built 200 years ago.Those who drink water will not forget the people who dig the well.状语 adverbial位置随意，修饰任意动词、副词、形容词从句、全句名词形容词副词不定式现在分词过去分词介词短语从句独立主格NounAdjectiveAdverbInfinitivePresent participlePast participlePrepos
13、itional phraseClausenominative absolute structureLi Ming is one year old than I.The travelers came back, safe and sound.The son often write to his parents.Mother went to buy something in the market.He stood up, looking at the boss coldly.Led by the natives, we found the old castle.From the space the
14、 astronaut saw a blue globe.Where there is smoke, there is fire.Weather permitting, we will go for a 同位语 appositive前名词、代词的具体内容名词代词数词从句NounPronounNumeralclauseMiss Wu, our English teacher, is kind to us.They each have a PC.I have prepared a nice dinner for you two.Weve got the news that our team won
15、the match.2. 句子类别 分类：按使用目的、按结构（1） 按使用目的：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句类别例句陈述句Declarativesentence肯定句Assertive sentenceHis name was Pangu.She began searching for that something.否定句Negative sentenceI can not agree with you.It doesnt matter.疑问句Questionsentence一般疑问句General questionDid Italy win the World Cap?Is that fi
16、lm interesting?特殊疑问句Special questionWhat is your name?Where can you find the answer、选择疑问句Alternative questionAre you a teacher or a student？Do you like coffee or tea？反义疑问句Disjunctive questionIt is fine day, isnt it?No one accepted your offer, did they?祈使句imperative sentenceDo not take everything for
17、 granted!Follow me, please.感叹句exclamatory sentenceWhat a good teacher he is!How good a teacher he is!(2)按结构：简单句、并列句、复合句类别例句简单句 simple sentence5种基本类型S+VIThe sun rises in the east.S+VT+OMany families keep pets.S+V+CChina is still a developing country.S+VT+O1+O2He sent me an e-mail yesterday.S+VT+O+CMy
18、 girl always makes me happy.并列句Coordinate sentenceHe likes to watch TV but I like to read books.You can do your homework first and then you can play with your friends.复合句Complex sentence名词性从句Noun clause主语从句 subject宾语从句object表语从句 predicative同位语从句appositiveWhat you said is true.You knew that beauty sh
19、ould be natural.That is when I studied.He made a promise that he would come back.状语从句Adverbial clause时间状语 time条件状语condition原因状语 cause目的状语 purpose结果状语 result地点状语 place让步状语 concession方式状语 manner比较状语 comparisonWe have finished the work before the came.If it rains, we have to stay at home.She was absent
20、 because she was ill.He left home early in order that he could work.Tom was so tired that he fell behind.Lucy found her MP3 where she lost it.Though I am poor, I am happy.Do it as I do.You are stronger than I am.定语从句attributive clauseDo you know the boy who is playing basketball?This is the result that I wanted.Hope is a good thing, maybe the best of things, and no good thing ever dies.希望是美好的，也许是人间至至美；美好的事物永不消逝。-肖申克的救赎8蛋丁哥英语辅导
