1、初一英语介词专练介词又叫前置词,是一种虚词。介词分为三种,一种是简单介词,如at,in,on,beside,to,for等;另一种是短语介词,即由两个以上的词组组成的短语,如infrontof,becauseof,outof,insteadof等;还有一种叫二重介词,如untilafter,frombehind等。(一)介词的句法功能介词不能独立在句中做成份,介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成份,表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。1、作定语:Thebookonthetableismine.2、作状语:Wehavebreakfastatseven.(表时
2、间); 3、作表语:Mydictionaryisinthebag.4、作宾语补足语:Ifoundhimintheoffice.(二)主要介词区别1、表示时间的at,in,on:at表示片刻的时间,如:at8oclock,常用词组有:atnoon,atnight, in表示一段的时间,如:inthemorning,intheafternoon, on总是跟日子有关,onMonday,onChristmas2、表示时间的since和from:since表示从过去到现在的一段时间的过程,常与现在完成时连用。from表示从时间的某一点开始,不涉及与现在的关系。一般多与现在时、过去时、将来时连用。如:I
3、hopetodomorningexercisesfromtoday./Wehavenotseeneachothersince1995.3、表示时间的in和after:两者都表示在(某个时间)之后,区别在于in表示在(一段时间)之后,而after则表示在(某一具体时间点之后),in短语和将来时态连用,after短语和过去时态或将来时态连用。如:Wellbebackinthreedays./Afterseventherainbegantofall.注意:after有时也可以表示在一段时间之后(常用在过去时里)。如:Aftertwomonthshereturned.4、表示地理位置的in,on,to
4、:in表示在某范围内,on指与什么毗邻,to指在某环境范围之外。如:ChangchunisinthenortheastofChina./MongoliaisonthenorthofChina./JapanistotheeastofChina.5、表示在上的on和in:on只表示在某物的表面上,而用in表示占去某物一部分。如:Thereisabookonthepieceofpaper./Thereisaninterestingarticleinthenewspaper./Hedugaholeinthewall.6、表示穿过的through和across:through表示从内部通过,与in有关;
5、across则表示从一端至另一端在表面上的通过,与on有关。如:Waterflowsthroughthepipe./Theoldmanwalkedacrossthestreet.7、inthecorner,onthecorner,atthecorner:inthecorner表示在角落里,in指角的内面;onthecorner表示在角上,on指的不是内面,也不是外面,而含内外兼有之意;atthecorner指在拐角处,at指的是拐角外附近的外面。如:Thelampstandsinthecorneroftheroom./Imetwithhimatthestreetcorner./Hesatont
6、hecornerofthetable.8、intheend,attheendof,bytheendof:intheend作最后、终于解,可单独使用,后不接介词of;attheendof表示在末梢,到尽头,既可指时间,也可以指地上或物体。不可单独使用;bytheendof作在结束时,到末为止解,只能指时间。不可单独使用。如:Intheendtheyreachedaplaceofsafety./Attheendoftheroadstandsabeautifulgarden./TheydecidedtohaveanEnglisheveningattheendofthisweek./bytheendo
7、flastmonthhehadfinishedthenovel.9、表示关于的about和on:两者都有关于的意思,不过前者为一般用词,而后者为较正式的论述。如:Hecametotellmeaboutsomethingimportant./Hewroteabookonscience.10、between,among:一般说来,between表示两者之间,among用于三者或三者以上的中间。如:Youaretositbetweenyourfatherandme./Heisalwayshappyamonghisclassmates.注意:但有时说的虽然是三个以上的人或东西,如果强调的是两两相互间接
8、关系,适用于between。如:Agreementsweremadebetweenthedifferentcountries.在谈到一些事物或一组事物,而把它们视为分居两边时用between。如:Thelittlevalleyliesbetweenhighmountains.。在谈事物间的差别时,总是用between。如:Theydontknowthedifferencebetweenwheat,oatsandbarley.11、besides,except,but,exceptfor:besides指除了还有,再加上。如:Allwentoutbesidesme.;except指除了,减去什么
9、,不能放在句首。如:Allwentoutexceptme.;but与except意思近似,表示除了外经常用在no,all,nobody,anywhere,everything等和其他疑问词后面。如:Ineversawhimreadinganythingbutthenewspaper.;exceptfor表示如无就,只是表明理由细节。如:Hisdiaryisgoodexceptforafewspellingmistakes.12、表示用的in和with:表示工具的用,用with,而表示材料、方式、方法、度量、单位、语言、声音等的用,用in。如:Heiswritingaletterwithapen
10、./Hewrotetheletterinpencil./Wemeasureditinpounds./Readthetextinaloudvoice./TellmethestoryinEnglish.13、inchargeof和inthechargeof:两者都表示由谁负责、照顾、管理。区别在于:inchargeof后接被照管的人或物,而inthechargeof后面则跟照管的人。如:Whoisinchargeoftheproject?/Theprojectisinthechargeofanengineer.。14、as,like:as作作为、以地位或身份解。如:Letmespeaktoyoua
11、safather.(事实是父亲);like作象一样解。如:Letmespeaktoyoulikeafather.(事实上不是父亲)。15、infrontof和inthefrontof:infrontof=before,是在前面的意思(不在某物内);inthefrontof则是在前部的意思(在某物内)。如:Thereisadeskinfrontoftheblackboard./Theboysatinthefrontofthecar.。16、in,into:into表示动向,不表示目的地或位置。如:Wewalkedintothepark.;in通常表示位置。如:Wewalkedinthepark;
12、in和drop,fall,put,throw,break等终止性动词连用时,也可以表示动向。如:Ihaveputthecoinin(into)mypocket.我把硬币放进衣袋。日子、日期、年月日,星期加上早、午、晚,收音机、农场、值日on,关于、基础、靠、著论。 着、罢、出售、偷、公、假,故意、支付、相反,准。 特定时日和一就,on后常接动名词。 年、月、日加早、午、晚,of之前on代in。 步行、驴、马、玩笑on,cab,carriage则用in。 at山脚、门口、在当前,速、温、日落、价、核心。 工具、和、同随with,具有、独立、就、原因。 就来说宾译主,对、有、方状、表细分。 海、陆
13、、空、车、偶、被by,单数、人类know to man。 this、that、tomorrow,yesterday,next、last、one。 接年、月、季、星期、周,介词省略已习惯。over、under正上下,above、below则不然, 若与数量词连用,混合使用亦无关。 beyond超出、无、不能,against靠着,对与反。 besides,except分内外,among之内along沿。 同类比较except,加for异类记心间。 原状because of,、 owing to、 due to表语形容词 under后接修、建中,of、from物、化分。 before、after表一
14、点, ago、later表一段。 before能接完成时,ago过去极有限。 since以来during间,since时态多变换。 与之相比beside,除了last but one。 复不定for、找、价、原,对、给、段、去、为、作、赞。 快到、对、向towards,工、学、军、城、北、上、南。 but for否定用虚拟,复合介词待后言。 ing型由于鉴,除了除外与包合。 之后、关于、在.方面,有关介词须记全。 in内to外表位置,山、水、国界to在前。练习(一)、介词1.Theteacheriswriting_apieceofchalkontheblackboardwhilethestud
15、entsarewriting_inkinexercisebooks.A.with,inB.in,withC.in,inD.with,with2.Theworkercanmakechairs_wood,andalsocanmakepaper_wood.A.from,ofB.of,fromC.of.ofD.from,from3.Marydroppedin_MrSmith,buthewasntathome,soshewenttodropin_MrSmithsoffice.A.on,onB.at,atC.on.atD.at.on4.Theteacherisnotonlystrict_hispupils
16、butalsostrict_hisownwork.A.with,withB.in,inC.in,withD.with,in5.Hisgrandfatherdied_thewoundthattheenemysoldierhadgivenhim.andthenhisgrand-motherdied_hungryandcold.A.from,ofB.of,fromC.from,fromD.of.of6.Ifyourun_twoharesyouwillcatchneither.A.intoB.afterC.offD.outof7.Thisisacommonmistake_students.A.betw
17、eenB.overC.amongD.about8.Myfatherbegantowork_abusdriverwhenhewastwentyyearsold.A.forB.toC.atD.as9._hearingthenews,Iwaswild_joy.A.At,inB.On,withC.After,byD./,over10.IdontthinkXiaoLiis_theotherstudents_mathematics.A.after,onB.after,withC.behind,inD.behind,at11.Nobodyknowsit_me.A.exceptforB.exceptthatC
18、.besidesD.but12.Thewindowisneveropened_insummer.A.butB.exceptC.exceptforD.butfor13.Ithappened_theLongMarch.A.duringB.inC.atD.for14.Wegotoschool_abike.A.inB.onC.byD.ove15.Itsverykind_youtorepairthebike_me.A.for.forB.of,ofC.of,forD.for,of16.Freshairisgood_yourhealth.A.atB.forC.ofD.to17.Theboyiswaiting
19、_hissisterandtheywillgotothehospitaltowait_theirsickmother.A.for,onB.on,forC.for,forD.on.on18.Thegroupismadeup_fivestudents.Andtheyarestudyinghardtomakeup_thelosttime.A.of,ofB.for,forC.of,forD.for,of19.ThePLAmansavedtheboy_death.A.ofB.fromC.toD.on20.Hewillcome_threedays.A.beforeB.afterC.inD.later21.
20、HewenttoBeijingandreturned_threedays.A.inB.beforeC.laterD.after22.Hewillreturn_threeoclock.A.afterB.inC.onD.at23.Hewrotethearticle_threedays.A.atB.inC.onD.by24.Iagree_whatyousaid.A.toB.onC.withD.at25.Doyouagree_thisplan(arrangement)?A.atB.withC.onD.to26.Finallytheyagreed_thetermsofthecontract.A.onB.
21、toC.withD.at27.Doyouoftenhear_yourbrother?A.ofB.fromC.outofD.about28.1heard_thebooklongago,butIhaveneverreadit.A.outB.fromC.ofD.with29.Theplaneflew_thecity.A.acrossB.pastC.throughD.over30.Wewalked_theTianAnMenSquaretotheMuseumofChineseHistory.A.acrossB.throughC.byD.past31.Iwaswandering_thestreetswhe
22、nIcaughtsightofatailorsshop.A.acrossB.throughC.byD.past32.Ourbusdrove_theGreatHallofthePeople.A.acrossB.throughC.pastD.over33._thesun,nothingwouldgrow.A.ForB.WithC.UnderD.Without34.Theteacherisbusy_teaching.A.withB.forC.onD.of35.Theteacherisbusy_correctingpapers.A.forB.inC.onD.of36.WeleftXian_._aver
23、yhotsummerafternoon.A.onB.inC.duringD.by37.Shefeltdisappointedwhenshefoundouttheyhadgoneswimming_her.A.butB.exceptC.exceptforD.without38.Histeacherwasangry_him_hisbeinglate.A.at,withB.at,forC.with,forD.with,about39.Myfatherwasdisappointed_thenews.A.byB.aboutC.atD.on40.MrWangwenttoNanjing_October,199
24、8andcamebackhome_themorningofNov.5.A.at;inB.on;atC.in;onD.by;from41.Myunclelives_105HuangheStreet.Hisroomis_thefifthfloor.A.at;onB.td;atC.on;inD.of;to42.Idontthinkyoucanworkoutthemathsproblem_theteachershelp.A.sinceB.unlessC.becauseD.without43.Heisrunning_thewindtowardstheeastofthestation_Tomisrunni
25、ng_theright.A.down;and;onB.against;while;onC.for;with;inD.with;while;to44.InHangzhouMrGreenwassostruck_thebeautyofnaturethathestayed_anothernight.A.at;onB.with;atC.for;inD.by;for45.Manypeoplearestill_thehabitofwritingsillythings_publicplaces.A.at;atB.in;inC.into;ofD.during;at46.-Doyougothere_bus?-No
26、,wegothere_atrain.A.in;onB.on;onC.by;inD.by;with47.Imadethecoat_myownhands.Itwasmade_hand,notwithamachine.A.in;inB.in;withC.with;byD.with;with48.Thetrees_frontofthehouseare_thechargeofOldLi.A.in;inB.at;inC.in;byD.from;in49.Theoldmandied_cold_acoldnight.A.from;atB.of;inC.of;onD.for;during50.DoesJohnk
27、nowanyotherforeignlanguages_French?A.exceptB.butC.besidesD.beside51.Helookedquitehealthy_hewas_theageofseventy.A.when;atB.because;inC.if;forD.though;at52.-Howlonghasthebookshopbeeninbusiness?-_1982.A.AfterB.InC.FromD.Since53.Didyouhaveanytrouble_thepostoffice?A.tohavefound B.withfinding C.tofind D.i
28、nfinding54.Totellyouthetruth,Ihavenothingtodo_it.A.aboutB.withC.forD.of55.Somethingmustbedonetopreventourcity_bythicksmoke.A.tobepollutedB.frompollutingC.frombeingpollutedD.polluting56._thestudentslikesthepaintings.Whichiswrong?A.TheteacheraswellasB.NobodybutC.TheteacherbesidesD.Allexcept57.Henry,_M
29、aryandTom,iscomingtoChinaforavisit.Whichiswrong?A.togetherwith B.likeC.andnotD.butinadditionto58.Taiwanis_theeastofFujian.A.inB.atC.toD.on59.HisfatherwillbebackfromLondon_afewdays.A.sinceB.inC.onD.after60.Weofferedhimourcongratulations_hispassingthecollegeentranceexams.A.atB.onC.forD.of语法复习:介词(答案)15ABCDA610BCDBC1115DBABC1620BACBC2125DABCD2630ABCDA3135BCDAB3640ADDCC4145ADBDB4650CCACC5155DDDBC5660DCCBB4