1、Lesson 1 A private conversation 【New words and expressions】private adj. 私人的private life 私生活 private school 私立学校 adj. 普通的 private citizen 普通公民Im a private citizen. (citizen n. 公民)private soldier 大兵Private Ryan拯救大兵瑞恩)public adj. 公众的，公开的(private的反义词)public school 公立学校 public letter 公开信 public place 公共场
2、所 privacy n.隐私Its privacy. 这是我的隐私!(不愿让别人知道的)conversation n.谈话have a + talk/chat/dialogue/conversation/gossip 名词变动词conversation 一般用于正式文体中, 内容上往往不正式subject of conversation 话题They are having a conversation.talk 内容可正式可不正式, 也可以私人 Lets have a talk.dialogue 对话, 可以指正式国家与国家会谈 China and Korea are having a dia
3、logue.chat 闲聊，就是北京人说的“侃”，无关紧要的事。gossip 嚼舌头, 说长道短theatre n.剧场, 戏剧cinema n.电影院seat n.座位 have a good seat/place，这里的seat指place(指地点)，而不是chair. take a seat/take your seat 坐下来, 就坐Is the seat taken? 这个位置有人吗?请坐的3种说法 : Sit down, please. (命令性)Take your seat, please.Be seated, please. (更礼貌)作为动词的seat与sit的区别sit(s
4、at，)vi. 就座He is sitting there.他坐在那儿。seat vt.让某人就座Seat yourself.seat sb. 让某人就坐，后面会加人You seat him.你给他找个位置. When all those present(到场者)_D_ he began his lecture.A. sit B. set C. seated D. were seatedsit down 坐下；be seated=take a seat 就坐angry adj. 生气的angrily adv. 生气的 angry =cross I was angry. /He was cros
5、s.annoyed: 恼火的; be blue in the face 脸上突然变色程 I was annoyed. 度 I was angry/cross.加 I was very angry.深 I am blue in the face. (脸色都青了,相当生气)attention n. 注意Attention ,please. 请注意(口语)pay attention 注意pay attention to 对注意You must pay attention to that girl.pay a little attention 稍加注意pay much attention 多加注意pa
6、y more attention 更多注意pay no attention 不用注意pay close attention 特别注意bear(bore, born) v. 容忍 vt. 承受，支撑，承担，负担Can the ice bear my weight?Who will bear the cost? 谁来承担这笔费用？ vt. 忍受(与can/could连用于疑问及否定句中)She eats too fast. I cant bear to watch/watching her. How can you bear living in this place? bear =stand =p
7、ut up with I cant bear/stand you.endure:忍受,容忍、put up with :忍受I got divorced(离婚).I could not put up with himbear/stand/endure 忍受的极限在加大bear n.熊 white bear 白熊bear hug :热情(热烈)的拥抱give sb. a bear hugbusiness n. 事, 生意 n. 生意 business man :生意人/do business: 做生意 go to some place on business:因公出差 n. 某人自己的私人的事情I
8、ts my business. (指私人的事, 自己处理的事) Its none of your business. 不关你的事。rudely adv. 无礼地, 粗鲁地rude adj. pay vt. &vi. 支付 vt. &vi. 支付(价款等)You can pay a deposit of thirty pounds 您可以先付30英镑的定金Ill pay by installments.(payfor sth. 花/支付(钱)买) vt. &vi. 给予(注意等)；去(访问)They did not pay any attention.We paid a visit to our
9、 teacher last Sunday. n. 工资，报酬I have not received my pay yet. 【课文讲解】1、Last week I went to the theatre.动词go的原义是离开一个地方去另一个地方，与介词to连用后，常加上主语所要去的目的来代表主语的动作目的。go to the +地点 表示去某地干嘛go to the theatre = go to the theatre to see a play去剧场看戏go to the cinema =see a film去电影院看电影go to the dairy 去牛奶店go to the + 人
10、+ s 表示去这个人开的店go to the doctors 去看病；go to the butchers 买肉以下短语中名词前不加冠词：go to school 去上学；go to church 去做礼拜；go to hospital(医院) 去看病；go to bed 上床，睡觉；go home(跟home相连一定表无事情可做,回家休息)I am at home. 在家休息2、I had a very good seat.seat一般指戏院、汽车等配置的固定座位，也可以抽象地表示“座位”或“位子”等概念。the front seat of a car 汽车的前座Take a seat, p
11、lease. 请坐。3、I did not enjoy it. enjoy +n. 喜欢,从当中得到一种享受(后面不能跟人I enjoy the music. /the dinner/film/program/game enjoy oneself/代词 玩的开心We always enjoy ourselves. enjoy +动名词Jane doesnt enjoy swimming. 4、I got very angry. get在这里有“逐渐变得”的含义，接近become，是个表示过程的动词，表示状态的变化。而I was very angry则仅表示当时的状态是生气，并不暗示过程。I a
12、m/was angry. 是一个事实、I got angry. 强调变化过程It is hot.、It got hot.got取代be动词，got是半系动词,可直接加形容词。5、I could not hear the actors. I turned round.hear+人:听见某人的话I could not hear you. Beg your pardon?I couldnt hear you./I couldnt hear a word./I couldnt catch your words.I couldnt hear you clearly./I couldnt catch yo
13、ur words.Beg your pardon? /I couldnt catch your words.turn round =turn around 转身6、In the end, I could not bear it.in the end 最后，终于，表示一段较长的时间之后或某种努力之后 She tried hard to finish her homework by herself. In the end, she had to ask her brother for help.7、I cant hear a word!I cant hear a word.美音:肯定I can k
14、An 否定,I cantkAnt/,它的/t/是吞进去的, 在读音上很难区别, 只能根据上下文来定hear a word of sb. (a word 等于一句话)He didnt say a word.May I speak to Jim?/May I have a word with Jim?8、Its none of your business.ones business 指某人(所关心的或份内)的事Its none of your business./None of your business./Its my business. 不关你的事。It is my business to l
15、ook after your health. none相当于not any或no one，但语气较强。She kept none of his letters. none of 这个短语有时可以表达一种断然、甚至粗暴的口气，尤其是在祈使句中：None of your silly remarks! 别说傻话了！【Key structures】简单陈述句的语序陈述句一定是有主语,有动词,有宾语,有句号1 -主语，一般由名词、代词或名词短语构成，通常位于动词之前，动词必须与主语一致，即主语决定动词的单复数形式2 -谓语，由动词充当3 -宾语，一般为名词、代词或名词短语4 -副词或介词短语,对方式或状
16、态提问,往往做状语 I like her very much5 -地点状语，一般在方式副词之后，时间副词之前6 -时间状语，可以放在句首或句末 简单陈述句一定不能少的是主语, 谓语. 如果问何时何地,是一个固定搭配 when and whereMultiple choice 7 The young man and the young woman paid _d_ attention to the writer.a. none b. any c. not any d. nonone代词，没有任何东西、没有任何人 None knows./None of us knows.not否定词,要放在非实义
17、动词后面not any=no He didnt pay attention.no形容词、修饰名词I dont have any friends./I have no friends.I have no time./I dont have any time.11 The writer could not bear it. He could not _c_ it. a. carry b. suffer c. stand d. liftbear 忍受=standsuffer 遭受,忍受 (精神或肉体上)痛苦，suffer后面必须加一种痛苦I suffer the headache.(肉体上的痛苦)H
18、e often suffers defeat.(精神上痛苦)Lesson 2 Breakfast or lunch? 【New words and expressions】(5)until prep.直到until用于表示动作、状态等的持续，可译为“一直到为止”或“在以前”。在肯定句中，它与表示持续性状态的动词连用，表示持续到某一时刻：Ill wait here until 5. 我会在这里等到5点钟。在否定句中，它通常与描述短暂动作的动词连用，表示“到为止”、“直到才”：She cannot arrive until 6. 她到6点才能来。His father didnt die until
19、 he came back. until(后的从句)的时间终止之前,这个动作做了还是没做？做了前面的主句用肯定；没做用否定For he _A(C)_(wait) until it stopped raining. A. waited B. didnt waitA. leave B. left C. didnt leaveoutside adv. 外面(作状语)He is waiting for me outside.ring(rang. rung) v.(铃、电话等)响 vt. 鸣，(铃、电话等)响(这种响是刺耳的, 往往是提醒人做某事)Every morning the clock ring
20、s at 6.The telephone(door bell) is ringing.而风铃等响要用jingle，jingle (bell) (铃儿) 响叮当 vt. 打电话给(美语中用call)ring sb. 给某人打电话 n. (打)电话give sb. a ringRemember to give me a ring. /Remember to ring me. n. 戒指aunt n. 姑,姨,婶,舅妈(所有长一辈的女性都用这个称呼)男性则是uncle: 叔叔 他们的孩子：cousin 堂兄妹(不分男女)cousin的孩子：nephew 外甥；niece 外甥女repeat v. 重
21、复 vt. 重复Will you repeat the last word? vi. 重做，重说Please repeat after me. 【课文讲解】1、It was Sunday.it指时间、天气、温度或距离，it被称为“虚主语”(empty subject)。作为第三人称单数的中性代词，it可以指一件东西、一件事件或用来指是什么人：It is a lovely baby.2、I never get up early on Sundays.on Sundays: 所有的星期天,每逢星期天,与一般现在时连用，表示经常性的行为。介词on一般用于表示某一天的时间短语中：on Monday，o
22、n Monday morning，on that day当使用last，next，this，that时，介词(以及定冠词)必须省略：Ill see you next/this Friday.never 从来不 (可以直接用在动词前面)=助动词+not (变成否定句,前面一定要加助动词)I dont like her.=I never like her.3、I sometimes stay in bed until lunchtime.在表达卧床时bed前不需加冠词：Its time for bed now.You must stay/remain in bed for another two
23、days. 4、Just then, the telephone rang. It was my aunt Lucy.just then: 就在那时如果不知道对方性别, 他/她可以用it取代Who are you?/Who is it?5、Ive just arrived by train,by 直接加交通工具(不能有任何修饰词, 复数)；如果加修饰词, 就要换掉by用in或onI go out in/on two buses. (指具体的两辆车介词用in/on)如果是特指的交通工具，则要加冠词或其他限定词：My aunt left by the 9:15 train.by air 乘飞机 b
24、y bicycle/bike 骑自行车by boat乘船by bus 乘公共汽车by car乘小汽车by land 由陆路by plane 乘飞机by sea 由海路by ship乘船by train 乘火车6、Im coming to see you. 我将要来看你. 用 come 的现在进行时态 be coming 表示一般将来，表示近期按计划或安排要进行的动作。同样用法的动词有：go，come，leave，arrive，land，meet，die，start，return，join7、Dear me!天哪!英国人说Dear me!或My dear!美国人说 : My god! (发啊的音
25、)美英的发音不同. 【Key structures】现在进行时和一般现在时现在进行时表示说话的当时正在发生或正在发生的事件,也用来表示现阶段(一段时间)的动向。现在进行时常与now，just，still等副词连用：I am working as a teacher. 现阶段He is still sleeping. (现在还在睡觉)Jane is just dressing up. 简正在打扮。一般现在时表示习惯性动作, 真理, 是过去、现在和未来都会发生的事情。一般现在时一般与频率副词often，always，sometimes，never，frequently，rarely，ever等连用
26、。Helen never writes to her brother Tony. She sometimes rings him.频率副词往往放在句子中的实义动词前, 非实义动词后；如果既有实义动词又有非实义动词, 要放在两个之间；疑问句中副词往往放在主语后面。在否定句中not必须放在always之前，而且也出现在generally、normally、often、regularly和usually之前；not必须出现在sometimes和frequently之后。表示肯定的速记可以用在句尾；在特别强调和需要对比时，frequently、generally、normally、sometimes、
27、usually等副词可用于句首。I get paid on Friday usually. very often the phone rings when Im in bath.非实义动词 : 系动词(be) 帮助动词构成时态的助动词 情态动词(must, can, may) 除此外皆实义动词. I frequently go to bed hungry. (形容词作状语)He went to school hungry.饿着肚子上学. You must come here hungry.空腹来这里. 【Special Difficulties】 以what开头的感叹句：在英语中可用what引
28、导的感叹句来表示惊奇、愤怒、赞赏、喜悦等感情，在感叹中主谓语采用正常语序。What 对名词感叹，结构：What +a/an (+adj.)+n.(+主语+谓语)!What a good girl (she is)! (主、谓可省)有上下文和一定的语境, 才能省略形容词。一般省形容词表示批评或不大好的意思。What a thing to say! 多么难听的话啊！What (a lot of) trouble( he is causing)!【Multiple choice questions】8 He _a_ out of the window and saw that it was rain
29、ing.a. looked b. saw c. remarkedd. watchedlook 表示看的动作，后面一定要加介词see 表示看的结果，后面直接加宾语watch 表示观看，后面直接加宾语, 但宾语一定是能够活动的东西look at pictures (对)；watch pictures(错)11 Breakfast is the first _d_ of the day.a. food b. dinnerc. lunch d. meallunch 中餐 food 食物 dinner 正餐 一天中最丰盛的那顿饭, 可能是中餐, 也可能是晚餐, 但决不会是早餐. meal 一顿饭Less
30、on 3 Please Send Me a Card 【New words and expressions】(11)send v. 寄, 送send sth. to sb. /send sb. sth. 给某人送(寄)东西send/take children to school：take强调某人亲自送；send则是通过第三人去送, 如美国的校车 take flowers to his wife 自己送send flowers to his wife 叫店里的人送postcard n. 明信片两个爆破音在一起，前者失去爆破音。这里/t/和/k/前者失去爆破音name card /visiting
31、 card 名片Here is my name card. (口语常用, 同时伴随着递出的动作) ID card 身份证 (ID 身份)credit card 信用卡cash card 现金卡储蓄卡工资卡(不能透支)spoil(spoiled，spoilt) v. 使索然无味, 损坏 vt. 弄坏，损坏，糟蹋 The rain spoiled the school sports. vt. 宠坏，惯坏，溺爱Dont spoil your children. 不能太惯孩子。spoil: 把东西质量变差; 生活中不顺心的事;宠坏, 溺爱；break: 打破; break the windows 打破
32、玻璃damage: 破坏, 程度不一定很重destroy : 破坏, 彻底摧毁以上三个指物理上的破坏;spoil主要指精神上的museum n. 博物馆Palace Museum 故宫public adj. 公共的 adj. 公共的，公众的，社会的There is a public library in this town.I always sit in public gardens on Sundays. adj. 公开的，众人皆知的Their secret meeting was made public 20 years later.public house(酒吧简称pub public
33、place 公共场所in public 公开的；in private 私下里的Lets have a conversation in private.让我们私下谈谈?-Why not have a conversation in public? 为什么不公开谈呢?(当面说呢?) n. 公众，群众，大众The public is/are pleased with his explanation. 公The museum is open to the public on Sunday.friendly adj. 友好的friendly是形容词，单独使用时一般做定语；作状语表人做什么事情很友好, 用
34、短语in a friendly wayHe always greets me in a friendly way.以-ly结尾的形容词还有lovely，brotherly，fatherly，manly，motherlywaiter n. 服务员, 招待员waiter(男服务员), waitress(女服务员), 只出现在餐馆里chief waiter 领班shop assistant 商店里的店员attendant n. (其他公共场所的)服务员lend v. 借给 lend to(借出)：lend sth. to sb/lend sb. sth.borrow from(借进)：borrow
35、sth. from sb./borrow sth. (borrow不能用 borrow sb sth.) He borrowed my pen yesterday.decision n. 决定make /take a decision作出决定It was not easy for me to make/take this decision.make a big/great decision (big：重大；great：伟大, 更重大) decide v. 决定whole adj. 整个的 a whole bottle of milk 一整瓶牛奶the whole，the whole day 整
36、天 ，two whole weeks 整整两星期all th，all the day (the可省略) 整天all of后面如果加代词, 代词前面不需要修饰词；一旦要加名词, 前面一定要加theall of us；all of the studentssingle adj. 唯一的, 单一的反义词double 双倍的【课文讲解】1、Last summer, I went to Italy.last： adj. 上一个last summer adj. 最后一个，表示“最后一个”时要加冠词thethe last day 最后一天 (具体到一天及一天的早中晚都要用on)2、A friendly wa
37、iter taught me a few words of Italian.Italian于Italy 注意重读音的位置不同teach sb. sth. 教某人做某事He teaches our English.(错)He teaches us English.(对)语言不可数, 所以要用a little Italian或a few words of ItalianI can speak a little English/a few words of English.a few可与复数可数名词连用，表示肯定，含有some，a small number of(一些，少数几个)的意思。The po
38、lice would like to ask him a few questions. 警察要问他一些问题。 3、Every day I thought about postcards. think about/of 考虑, 思考，指某一段时间一直在想/考虑某事, think of还可指想到What do you think of TV program last night?think over 仔细考虑，反复思考Whats the weather like today?cold, chilly(非常非常冷), freezeIll freeze.我要冻僵了4、I spent the whole
39、 day in my room, but I did not write a single card!spend与表示时间的词或短语连和时，意思为“花(时间)”、“度过”. spend+时间+地点 : 在什么地点我花费/度过了多少时间I spend three hours in the sea.I spend my weekend at my mothers.I spend a lot of time in traffic jam.(交通堵塞)spend还可以表示“花钱”I cant spend any more on this car. 【Key structures】一般过去时一般过去时通
40、常表示过去发生的而现在已经结束的事件、动作或情况。它通常指动作何时发生，而不指动作持续多久。Do you ever catch a cold in the winter?Yes, I caught a cold last winter.【Special Difficulties】 直接宾语与间接宾语双宾语：直接宾语(表示动作结果，动作所涉及的事物)和间接宾语(动作目标，动作是谁做的或为谁做的，通常是人)。间接宾语大多数情况下置于直接宾语之前，如果间接宾语在后，间接宾主前必须加“to”(表示动作对什么人做)或“for”(表示动作为什么人而做)。give sb. sth./give sth to
41、sb间接宾语在后面时, 其前必须加to(对而言)或for(为而做)。可以翻译为“给”、“替”、“为”的，就用for；如果只能翻译为“给”的, 就用to与to相连的give, take, pass, read, sell, buy，pay，hand，bring，show，promise，offer，owetake flowers to my wife.与for相连的 buy, order, make, findI buy a book for you ./make a cake for youfind sth. for sb./do sb. a favor 帮某人一个忙Do me a favor
42、 please./Do a favor for me? 帮我个忙Can I order something for you?Can I buy you a bottle of beer ?我请你喝杯酒的意思 【Multiple choice questions】4 _a_ him a few words of Italian? The waiter.a. Who taught b. Who did teach c. What did he teach d. Whom did he teach人做主语提问who 对宾语提问whomwho既可以对主语提问也可以对宾语提问, 而whom只能对宾语提问
43、如果对主语提问, 则句子的语序和陈述句语序一样；如果对非主语来提问, 则句子要使用特殊疑问词+一般疑问句的语序7 He spent the whole day in his room. He was in his room _c_ day.a. the hole b. the all c. all d. all ofall (the) day all of 后面如果加代词, 代词前面不需要修饰词all of us；一旦要加名词, 前面一定要加theall of the friends all of my friends all of the students11 He made a big d
44、ecision. He _b_ .a. thought about it b. made up his mind c. changed his mind d. made a wishthink about:考虑、思考、想 make up ones mind:下定决心change ones mind:改变主意 make a wish: 许个心愿, 愿望, 许愿Lesson 4 An exciting trip 【New words and expressions】(6) exciting adj. 令人兴奋的exciting adj. 令人兴奋的；excited adj. 兴奋的-ed: 自己感
45、到 / -ing:令人感到The news was exciting.exciting boy 令人兴奋的男孩I am excited.excite v. 激动(这类动词的宾语一定是人，让后面的人感到)The news excited me.interesting adj. 令人感到有趣的；interested adj. 感到有意思的interesting maninterest v. 对感兴趣The book interests me. 那本书让我感到很有趣receive v. 接受, 收到 vt. 接到收到，得到 vt. 招待，接待You need a large room if you are going to receive so many guests.receive是“收到”，指的是一个被动的动作，主观上接受与否不清楚。receive/have a letter from sb.accept 同意接收This morning I received a bunch of flowers from a boy,but I didnt accept it.take则是主动的“拿”、
