1、一、并列连词 ：一）常见的表示语义延伸的并列连词有： 1. and Justice is on your side. And justice will triumph over injustice. 正义在你们一边，而正义是会战胜非正义的。 2. neither. nor She could neither speak the language nor write it. 这种语言她既不会说，也不会写。 3. both. and A man should have both courage and perseverance.一个人既要有勇气又要有毅力。 4. not only. but als
2、o We should not only be bold, but also be cautious. 我们不仅要大胆，而且要谨慎。 5. as well as I have read one of his novels as well as a few of his plays. 我读过他的一本小说和几个剧本。 二）表示选择的并列连词有： 1. or You may do it yourself, or ask someone else to do it. 你可以自己做或者让别人做。 2. either. or I left it either on the table or in the
3、drawer. 我不是把它放在桌子上了，就是放在抽屉里了。 除了表示选择外，or和either. or还可以表示否定的条件： 1) Now I must go or (if not) I shall be late for the party. 我现在得走了，否则晚会我就要迟到了。 2) Youll either behave yourself, or youll never go out with me. 你要么老实点，要么就永远不能跟我一起出去。 三）表示转折或对比的并列连词有： 1. but He tried hard but he was unsuccessful. 他做了很大努力但没
4、有成功。 2. yet The car was old, yet it was in excellent condition. 这辆车子很旧，但仍处于良好的状态。 3. however She felt ill. She went to work, however, and tried to concentrate. 她病了。然而她照旧去上班，并且尽力集中精神工作。 四）表示因果关系的并列连词有： 因果：原因和结果1. for Youd better put on your sweater, for its rather cold outside. 你最好把毛衣穿上，因为外边相当冷。 2. s
5、o My sister is expecting me，so I must be off now. 姐姐在等我，因此我得走了。 二、从属连词：从属连词是用来引导从句的。 一）引导时间状语从句的从属连词有： 1. when There was prolonged applause when he began to speak. 他开始讲话时响起了经久不息的掌声。 2. while We should strike while the iron is hot. 我们要趁热打铁。 3. as As (When) he entered, the hall burst into thunderous a
6、pplause. 当他进来时，全场发出雷鸣般的掌声。 4. after After I visit Shanghai Ill travel up the Yangtze. 访问上海之后，我将溯长江而上。 5. before It would be months before he was fit for the work. 要过好几个月他才能适应工作。 6. since It is just a week since we arrived here. 我们到这里才一个星期。 7. until (till) I shall stay here until (till) Ive completed
7、 my studies. 我要在这里待到学习结束为止。 8. as soon as As soon as he got well, he went back to work. 他病一好就回去上班了。 9. once Once he said that, I knew he was lying. 他一说这话我就知道他在撒谎。 二）引导原因状语从句的从属连词有： 1. because He failed because he was too careless. 因为他太粗心，所以失败了。 2. as As it was already rather dark, we decided to stop
8、 at the temple for the night. 因为已经相当晚了，我们决定在庙里待一夜。 3. since Since (原因)you dont want to go, we wont force you to. 既然你不愿意去，我们也不勉强你。 4. now that Now that you are all back, wed better start the work right away. 你们既然都回来了，我们最好马上就开始工作。 5. considering (that) They did the job quite well considering (that) th
9、ey had no experience. 考虑到他们没有什么经验，这项工作他们已经干得不错了。 6. seeing that Seeing that (Since) nobody was very enthusiastic about it, they decided to cancel the trip. 由于都没有很高的热情，他们决定取消这次旅行。七）引导结果状语从句的从属连词有： 1. so.that She was so moved that tears came to her eyes. 她感动得热泪盈眶。 2. such.that It was such a boring spe
10、ech that I fell asleep. 演讲枯燥乏味，听得我都睡着了。 三）引导条件状语从句的从属连词有： 1. if If you can do it, so can I. 你要是能办到，我也能办到。 2. even if We wouldnt lose heart even if we should fail ten times. 我们就是失败十次也不灰心。 3. unless I wont go unless you want me to. 除非你要我去，否则我是不会去的。 4. in case Wed better take our raincoats in case it s
11、hould rain (rains). 我们最好把雨衣带着以防下雨。 5. provided /providing (that) Ill come provided (providing) (that) you let me know in good time. 你要是及时通知我是会来的。 6. suppose/supposing (that) Suppose (Supposing) (that) he wont agree, what shall we do? 假如他不同意，我们怎么办？ 7. as (so) long as You may use the room as long as y
12、ou keep it clean. 只要保持清洁你可以用这个房间。 8. on condition (that) Ill lend you the book on condition (that) you return it on Monday. 只要你能在星期一还我，这本书我就借给你。 四）引导让步状语从句的从属连词有： 1. although / though Everybody worked with great enthusiasm although/though the weather was extremely cold. 虽然天气很冷，大家工作得非常起劲。 2. even if
13、(though) Even if I have to walk all the way Ill get there. 即使我得一路走着去，我也要去那里。 五）引导比较状语从句的从属连词有： 1. than We have produced 20% more cotton this year than we did last year. 我们今年棉花产量比去年高百分之二十。 2. as (so).as He doesnt play half as well as his sister. 他演奏的水平不及他姐姐的一半。 六）引导目的状语从句的从属连词有： 1. lest She explained
14、 again and again lest people should misunderstand her. 她一再解释唯恐人们误解。 2. so that Speak clearly so that we may understand you. 讲话要清楚，以便我们能听明白。 3. in order that He assigned us some books to read at home in order that (so that) we might have a deeper understanding of the subject. 他指定几本书给我们回家看，以便我们对这一主题有一
15、个较深的了解。 八）引导名词性从句的连词有三个：(1)that (本身无意义)，(2)whether (or not)，(3)if。例如： That they will refuse the offer is unlikely. 他们不太可能会拒绝这个建议。 I dont know whether (=if) these figures are accurate. 我不知道这些数字是否精确。 需要注意的是：whether (or not) 可引导大部分名词性从句；if仅可引导宾语从句，而且不可跟or not。例如： Whether (if) they will come or not wont make much difference. 他们来不来关系不大。 I wonder if (=whether) she has received our telegram. 我不知道她是否收到了我们的电报。 先行词与关系词的关系 引导定语从句的词被称为关系词。关系词根据其在定语从句中的功能可分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等, 关系副词在定语从句中作状语。 含有定语从句的句子一般分为两层：即主句层（第一层）, 定语从句层（第二层）。
