1、核心动词：1.想，认为think,hold,argue,concede,assert,deem,consider,believe,maitain,2深思熟虑，仔细考虑ponder,deliberate,meditate,comteplate,reflect3.培养cultivate,foster,nurture,nourish4.加强，巩固 strengthen,sonsolidate,reinforce, 5.显示，表明 manifest, display,show,reveal,present,suggest,demonstrate,indicate,illustrate,reflect6
2、.确认，证实 verify, confirm, establish,affirm7.断言，宣称 declare,claim,allege,assert,state8.支持，维护,拥护 support,maitain,uphold,approve,advocate,champion9.反对 oppose,be against,disagree,disapprove,object to10.解决(问题，麻烦) solve,tackle,combat,address,resovle,cope with,settle11.导致，引发，引起 give rise to,trigger,spark,lead
3、 to,bring about,result in,12.建议，提议 suggest,recommend,urge,propose,advise,put forward,13.阻止，阻碍,限制 prevcnt, deter,jeopardize,restrain，confine (to),restrict,refrain,limit14.影响 have effect on, affect,influence,have an impact on,sway15.增长，发展，提高 increase,rise,develop,enhance,improve,advance,upgrade,raise,
4、facilitate,boost,promote16.下降，减少 decrease,decline,fall,drop,slump17.实现，完成fulfil,realize,achieve,accomplish,attain18.提供，给予 supply,provide,performfor,offer,yield19.占。（百分比） take up,amount to,account for,reach20适应adjust to, adapt to, get accustomed to,condition. on21.谴责，责怪condemn,blame,criticize,reprima
5、nd,reproach,censure,denounce,accuse.of,charge.with22.监管，监督，指导 supervise,monitor,instruct,oversee,govern,regulate,direct,administer23.颁布，实施，执行 implement,issue,carry out,apply to24.反驳，驳斥 dispute,debate,refute,argue,contradict,oppose 核心名词：1.观点，主张,提议 idea,belief,assertion,proposition,suggestion,recommen
6、dation2.假设 hypothesis,assumption,presumption3.方法，理论，措施 way,method,means,process,approach,theory,measure4.政策,制度，条例 policy,regulation,rule,law5.比率 rate,ratio,proportion,percentage,share,protion6.平衡，均衡，和谐 banlance,equilibrium,harmony,7.问题，麻烦，争端，冲突 issue,problem,conflict,contrast,clash,contradiction,opp
7、osition,controversy8.竞争 petition,contention,contest9.处境，状况，现状 circumstance,state,condition,situation,status quo10.事件，现象 incident,fact,event,occurrence,phenomenon11.后果，结果 consequence,result,outcome,influence,cause and effect(因果关系),side/after-effect(副作用)12.争论，不和，差异 difference,dispute,debate,distinctio
8、n13.优势，好处 advantages,virtues,merits,boons,benefit14.劣势，不利，阻碍 disadvantage,flaws,demerits,banes,handicap,burden,obstruction,obstacle15.青少年,青年 teenager,juvenile,adolescent,youngster,youth16.媒体media,the print media(印刷媒体),the electronic media(电子媒体),the press(新闻界),media hype(媒体炒作)17.控制 control,grip,maste
9、r,domination,government,rule,monopoly(垄断)18.保存，储藏 conservation,reserve,preservation19.花费，开销expense,cost,expenditure,payment,outlay,toll,consumption,disbursement20.改革，改良 reform,improvement,evolution21.威胁，危机 crisis,threat,menace核心形容词：1.惊人的 staggering,incredible,astounding,amazing,astonishing,surprisin
10、g,stunning,alarming,shocking2.非凡的，卓越的，显著的 remarkable,marvelous,striking,wonderful,notable,extraordinary3.重要的，重大的,决定性的 important,significant,main,major,foremost,predominant,crucial,critical,urgent,pivotal decisive,vital4.破坏性的 devastating,ruinous,destructive,damaging5.许多的，很多的，大量的 numerous,various,myri
11、ad,a great many of, a great deal of6.不同的，多样的，有分歧的 divergent,variant,varying,diverse,distinct7.强大的，强有力的 powerful,mighty,forceful补充整理：绝不：by no means under no circumstancesin no case on no occasion考虑：takeinto consideration accountthink about make allowance(s) for sth由于/因为：insomuch as becausefor the rea
12、son /occasion thatresult fromassincenow thatin thatbe owed tobe attributed tobe ascribed toarise from/out of by occasion of sth影响：exert a profound/far-reaching impact on就我而言： so/as far as I am concernedas far as my knowledge is concerned就而言：As far as is concerned In terms ofIn case of别无选择我，只能 ： have
13、 no alternative but众所周知：It is universally acknowledged that It is well- known to all that As is well-known to all,只有才能 ： Only by doingcould sb do大： bigimmensetitanic=vast=gigantic=tremendous=enormous正如常言所说：（just）as the saying/proverb goes .一定会：be bound /determined /guaranteed/certain to do掌握： have a
14、 grasp /command of sth正在：be under way=be on the point /course of =be about to=be on the verge of听说：hear of sth变得惊慌：get into a panic取得进展：make progress in doing sth advance instep forwards课程：compulsary/selective subject 必修课/选修课婉转的说：to put it mildly对的瘾：addiction to接触: reach out to / have access to be e
15、xposed toexpose sb to.树立的榜样：cultivate the example for sb即 ：namely有/承担的义务：assume the responsibility ofshoulderbe responsible for阻止：hold back prevent sb from doing sthkeep sb away from doing sthhinderput a check on sth deflect sb from doing sthavert sthintercept sth在内心深处：in ones heart of heartsin the
16、cockles of the heart表示数量的词1.少数几个：a few +n(c,pl) 2.没几个，否定含义：few +n(c,pl)3.少量： a little + n(u)4.没多少，表否定：little +n(u)5.很多much +n(u)6.很多many +n(c,pl)7.很多a lot of/lots of+n(c,pl/u)8.大量：a great /good deal of +n(u)9.少量 a bit of +n(c,pl/u)10.大量：an/a great/a large abundance of+(c,pl/u)11.大量：an/a large amount
17、 of+n(u)12. a great many+n(c,pl)13.大量: a great many of 冠词/物主代词/所有格 +n(c,pl)14.大量: a plenty of=plenties of+ n(c,pl/u)15. 大量：a large number of + n(c,pl)16.许多：many a+n(c,sing.)17.足够的：ample + n.(c,pl/u.)18.无数的： numerous +n.(c,pl)19.足够的：sufficient+n(c,pl/u)20.无数的：countless +n(c,pl)21. a variety of +n(c,p
18、l)22.various+n(c,pl)23.天文数字的花费：astronomical cost24.过量的/多余的：excesssuperfluousredundant25.额外的：extraaddedadditional大多数情况下： in most caseson most occasions in the normal course of事情并非如此：It is not the case that一就,刚就：1.as soon as ,时态无所谓 2.Hardly/scarcely had sb done than did3.hardly had sb done when+ past
19、tense 4.sb had no sooner done than did 5.no sooner had sb done than did6.sb had hardly done than did 7.the moment 8.on +n(如his arrival 他的到来),常识：common sense为了：in order to/so as to/for the sake of非常：most/exceedingly/tremendously/rather/extraordinarily/considerably/fabulously随之时间的流逝：with the passage o
20、f time,随着的积累：as begin to accumulate反对/打击：be opposed to do=object to do disagree dispute thatremonstrate with sb about sthProtest that/aginstshow disapproving attituderaise ones voice aginstdisapprove ofdissent fromfrown in=oppose (doing) sth/fight aginst实现：realize =bring about(带来)=lead up to 显而易见的/明
21、显的：obviousapparentevident manifestdoubtlesstransparentdistinct深入理解：have (further) insight into.丰富阅历/开阔视野：enrich ones experience widen ones horizonexpand ones outlook昂贵的：costlyexpensivedearluxurious机会垂青有准备的人：chances only favour those who are ready/prepared引起/导致：bring about/forth give rise toraisecaus
22、elead up topromptincur(招致)be to blame forResult inarouse(唤起人的)=evoke=call forth=awakeoccasioncompel ones attention(引起关注)恰恰相反：on the contray,but it is just opposite that相比之下：by /in contrast ,by comparision,compare to/with科学发展观：view of scientific development 可持续发展 sustainable/sustained development广告：c
23、ommercial advertisement迫切的：urgentpressinginsistent戏剧的：theatrical生活质量：quality of life=life quality的原因是（表语从句）:The reason why is that在的背景下:under the background of纳税人：taxpayer孝心：filial piety /obedience诚信：credit and honest 误入歧途：go astray stray into sth金钱至上：mony-oriented毫无：havent the slightest+n.遭到/面临：mee
24、t with+abstract n.confront(面临)face sth be face with in the face of sth encounter(遇到困难，邂逅某人)run into sb(巧遇)come across(遇到)袖手旁观：turn a blind eye tostand by and受.引诱：be tempted/fascinated/lured/attracted by.Be interested infall into temptation be intoxicated byBe absorbed in 吸引：appeal to./attract/tempt/
25、fascinate/lure/capture ones heart/draw ones attention /magnetize/engageMesmerize/captivate沉迷于: be addicted to/abandon oneself to/be hooked on/be intoxicated by/be indulged in/revel in与有关： be associated to/related to/connected with/involved in/concerned with/link up with/bound up withConcerning A:关于A
26、，考虑到A。A concerning（prep）B:名词性质，关于B的A/与B有关的A在于：lie inrest with/on be determined bydepend on.壮丽、壮观：majestic splendid magnificentgrandawesomespectacular gorgeousprodigiousresplendent对.无意见：have no ideal abouthave no voice withneutral=impartial(中立的)有利的：advantageousbeneficialusefulfavourable拒绝：decline(婉言谢
27、绝)rejectrefuse超过：surpass overtaketranscendexceedoutweighexcel ateclipseoverwhelm克服：overcomesurmountbridge thegap不言而喻:It goes without saying that是的时候了：Its hight time that sb did审查（员）：censor(n./v.)censorship 审查制强调：accentuateemphasizelay emphasis onhighlightstresspunctuate作总结：to conclude/summarize/sum
28、upIn conclusion/summary/ a word,.all in all,To draw a conclusionwe can draw/come to a conclusion that交通堵塞： traffic jamone child policy(oral)增加/促进/加强/提高：enhanceimproveraiseincreaseelevatepromotestrengthen(加强) reinforceascendintensify(加强)boostpromptpropel stimulate consolidate（加强）上升：go upincreasesoar(
29、骤升)boom(价值骤升)ascendrisegrowescalaterocket(骤升)下降：declinedecrease(drastically/steeply)go downdropsinkfalldescenddipdwindleplunge(骤降)Plummet(骤降)on the downwards trendabate减少/降低：decreasedescenddiplowerlessen保持平稳: level out/off atreach a plateau of(上升到.后平稳)remain steady/stable到达最高点：reach the peak/highest
30、 point ofpeak atscale the当事人：partyparties in actionlitigantclient与事情相关的人person/party concernedinterested parties目击人：witnessperson on the spot偏见/歧视：n.biasprejudicefavoritismadj.biasedprejudiced歧视：point a contempt finger ondefydespisescornpour/heap scorn onlook down uponDisregarddiscriminateaginst(反义词
31、：in favour of)忽视：overlookignoreneglectlose the sight ofturna blind eye to笔记本电脑：laptopportable computer以防: in case.lestfor fear that认为/表示： considerassumepoint out thatindicate(暗示)imply(暗示) reckonclaimsuggest(暗示)register(暗示)affirm（断言）assert（断言）argue believe inavow(声明)Thinkcling to(坚信)persist in(坚信)ins
32、ist on(坚信)stick to(坚信)persevere to/with（坚信）Maintain(坚信)proclaim(显示)depict(描绘)illustrate(显示) manifest(明示)be of the opinion of方式方法：manneravenuepatternwaymeansapproachaccess tomethodsolutionresolutionAs a last resort(最后的解决方案)风俗习惯：manners and customsconvention习惯于/适应： be/get used to doingbe adapted to be
33、 adjusted tobe accustomed to (doing) sthbe orientedtosb adjust/accustom/adapt oneself to和睦相处：get on (well) with sbget alongwith sb very well调解，协调:coordinatereconcile执行/贯彻：implementenforcecarry outexecutemeasure be taken byconductperformfullfil(l)不可避免的/坚定不移的：inescapable(不免) unshakeable（不移）inevitable(
34、不免)ineluctable(不免) inextricable(不免)irreplaceable（不可替换）Unavoidable(不免) imperative(不免) irresistible(不免)因此：henceso thatas a result/consequenceconsequentlythereforethusgranted(that)舒适的：agreeableenjoyablecomfortablecozy跨国公司：multi-national/transnational firm既然：saying thatnow thatsince然而/却：neverthelesswher
35、easbuthoweverwhile下决心：determine to dodecide to domake up ones mind to do有助于：accountfor(解释.的原因)contribute todo good tobe beneficial to喜欢：be knee onbe interested inbe fond ofbe a fans of(oral)fancywould rather doPrefer to doprefer doing to doingbe into(oral)be passionatetake an avid interest in.favour
36、有害/损害：do harm tobe harmful/grievous/detrimental topose threat to inflict harm on sbEndangerjeopardizeruindestroydamageinjuredemolish(灭)shatter(粉碎)undermine（削弱）counteract（削弱，抵消） Worsen（削弱）devastate（灭）努力：spare no effort to do strike a blow forstruggle formake great /every/concerted effort/endeavour to
37、 doTake pains to dostrain every nerve to dodo ones utmost to do令人愤怒的:annoyingirritatingmaddeningoutrageousprovoking高度赞扬:speak highly ofheap praise on sb/sthpraise sb/sth坐落/位于/放置：situate/locate sth in somewheresth be situated/located in somewhere推迟：put offdelaydeferpostpone当做：refer to sb asview sth a
38、s regard sb asconsider sb to be deem sth as显示：revealillustrateunfoldindicatedescribedisplaydepict presentregistershow proclaim趋势：trendtendency倍数：timesfolds%1的表达方法：one out of one hundredone in (every) one hundred1000个人中不到2个人：not two out of one thousand大约：adv. Roughlyaboutaroundapproximatelynearlyin t
39、he neighborhoodofmore or less some+figure超过：(just) over abovemore than不到：(just)under belowless/fewer than从之后：from+年份+onwards from then onthereafterafterwards占据：account foroccupytake upcover小气的/自私的：self-interestedselfishbe stingy/mean withnarrow-mindedmean照顾/照看/处理：attend to take care oflook afterkeep
40、 an eye on考虑到：(关于)concerning,（句首用taking或to take）takeinto consideration/accountConsidering,make allowance(s) for sth仔细考虑：cogitateabout/onthink aboutcontemplatemeditatebe lost in thought/lose oneself in thoughtmuseponder (over)deliberateappeal toresort .to归因于（因为）：sb attribute/ascribe/owe sth1 to sth2s
41、th1 be / to sth2sth2 account for sth1 owe sth1 to sth2经得起推敲：hold waterbear much analysisconvictive forciblecogent代表：on behalf ofrepresentsymbolizestand forexemplify形象:imagefeaturesperceptionprofile取决于/根据:in terms of,according to,In accordance with/in line withon basis ofRest on/withdepend onlie on/i
42、nwith reference to hang on sth暗示/意味着：mean doing imply signifysuggestindicate同时：meanwhileat the same/mean time同意/支持：be in favour ofapprove ofagree withadvocateback upsustain ones claim thatGive strong backing tostand by sthconcur in doing/with sth endorse=give endorsementto comply withAccede to sth embrace sthhave faithin sth/sb相信support观点：opinionviewpointviewpointpoint of viewcontentionb
