1、专题三 阅读理解之自然类（ 5）（新课标） 五、自然类 【典例探究】 （ 2010重庆卷 D） Sitting on the peaceful coast of Galapagos Islands. Ecuador, watching the sun move quietly into the sea, you shouldnt forget that Charles Darwin (1809-1882) arrived here in 1835. He stayed on the islands for five weeks, observing various animals. This
2、finally inspired (启发 ) his famous work, On the Origin of Species. You can certainly follow Darwins footsteps and enjoy a trip from four to seven days to the islands. The islands are certainly a paradise (天堂 ) for wildlife, as there are no natural killers on the islands and the number of boats and vi
3、sitors is under government control. Though you cannot walk freely as Darwin did about 200 years ago, each day is as impressive as it could be. The most well-known animals of the Galapagos is the giant tortoise（巨型海龟）， which can be seen moving slowly around the highlands of Santa Cruz, the second larg
4、est island in the archipelago （群岛） . Some of these creatures are so old that they might have been in their youth by Darwin himself. Despite strict control over activities and timing, your stay on the Galapagos will be remembered as a chain of incomparable pictures; diving with sea lions that swim an
5、d play within inches of you; feeling small sharks touch your feet as you swim; and most magically, seeing a whale and her baby surface with a great breath of air. Travelling between the islands and observing the wildlife that so inspired Darwin, so you will feel as though you are getting a special v
6、iew of an untouched world. At night you will sleep on board the ship, leaving the wildlife in complete occupation of the islands, which are as undisturbed now as they have been since the beginning of time. 68. What do we know about Darwins visit to the islands? A He studied different creatures on th
7、e islands B He completed his famous book on the islands C He was touched by the geography of the islands D He was attracted by well-known animals of the islands 69 which of the following plays a role in making the islands “a paradise for wildlife”? A Animals on the islands feed on grass. B Local gov
8、ernment forbids killing wildlife. C People cannot visit the islands as they wish. D tourists are not allowed to touch the animals. 70 Your stay on the islands will be most impressive mainly because of . A the beautiful sea views B Darwins inspiring trip C a closer view of animals D various daring ac
9、tivities 71 which of the following would be the best title for the passage ？ A A Unique Attraction for wildlife Lovers B Calapagos as a Paradise for Adventures C Charles Darwin as a symbol of Galapagos D A successful Example of wildlife protection 【文章大意】 本文介绍了一个野生动物的乐园 Galapagos Islands，达尔文曾在这儿受到启发写
10、出了物种起源一书，尽管时间、数量受政府控制，但可以和动物密切接触，由于这儿保护得很好，直到现在依然是旅游的好去处。 68【解析】选 A。事实细节题。第一段第三句话告诉我们他在岛上住了五周，观察各种各样的动物。这最终启发了他写出名著物种起源所以 A 项正确。排除了 B 项 “在岛上完成了著名著作，只是受到启发”； C 项“被岛上的地表特征所打动”，文中没提到，和 D 项“被岛上的动物迷住了”，与文中 observing 意思不相符。 69【解析】选 C。事实细节题。文章第二段第一句话告诉我们岛上没有天敌，船和游客的数量都在政府控制中，尽管你不能像 200 年前的达尔文那样随意走动，但是每一天对你
11、来说都会留下很深的印象。得出 C 项 “既人们不能随便参观这个岛”。 选项 A “动物以草为食”，文中没提到。选项 B “政府禁止捕杀野生动物”与“ there is no natural killer 和船的数量受政府控制”不一致。 D 项与倒数第二段的内容不相符合。 70【解析】选 C。倒数第二段告诉我们作为一系列无与伦比的画面，你将永远记住这一段时间与海豹，鲸鱼和鲨鱼的近距离接触。所以 C 项正确。 71【解析】选 A。主旨大意题。文章以岛上的野生动物为主线来说这个地方的迷人之处和独特的价值，从而体现了野生动物爱好者们的作用。所以选 A “野生动物爱好者们的一个独特的地方”。 【跟踪演练
12、】 1、 （ 2011 广西桂林市、防城港市南京考越高三第一次联合调研考试 ） In the rush to get to school, you drop a piece of coast on the floor. Do you throw it away or decide its still OK to et? If youre like most people, you eat it. maybe you follow the “5-second rule”, which claims foods are safe to eat if you pick them up within
13、5 seconds after dropping them. but you might want to think again. Scientists now say that 5 encodes is all it takes for foods to become polluted with enough bacteria（细菌） to make you sick. Bacteria can cause many kinds of illnesses. Some kinds of bacteria can grow on food. If you eat foods on which t
14、hese bacteria are growing, you can become sick. One of these food-borne bacteria is Salmonella. It makes 1.4 million people sick every year. Salmonella is often found in raw eggs and chicken. Cooking kills these bacteria, which is why it is so important to cook eggs, chicken, and other foods thoroug
15、hly. But how long does it take these bacteria to pollute food? A team of scientists in South Carolina did an experiment. First, they placed an amount of Salmonella on three surfaces; wood, tile（瓦片） , and carpet. They placed a apiece of bread and a piece of bologna（一种大红肠） on each surface for 5,30, or
16、 60 seconds. After just 5 seconds, both the bread and the bologna picked up enough bacteria to make you sick. So, forget the 5-second rule. If your toast drops on the floor, throw it away and get another piece of clean toast. This time, be careful not to drop it! 60 In which part of a newspaper can
17、you most probably find this passage? A Culture. B Health. C Advertisement. D Technology. 61 After dropping a piece of toast, a person who follows the “5-second rule” will . A throw away dirty toast immediately and go away B pick up the toast as quickly as possible and eat it C eat the toast within 5
18、 seconds and feel pleased D get another piece of clean toast quickly and eat it 62 The underlined word “raw” in Paragraph 4 most probably means “ “. A delicious B hot C cheap D uncooked 63 The scientists in South Carolina did the experiment to . A see how quickly bacteria can pollute food B show tha
19、t the 5-second rule is correct C see how harmful bacteria are to peoples health D show that bacteria grow at different speeds on different foods 2、 （ 2011 海南省嘉积中学 2011 届高三上学期教学 质量检测（三） ） How Do Animals Catch Their ZZZs? Different creatures have developed some pretty creative ways to get their rest a
20、nd stay safe. The lizard（蜥蝎） likes to sleep at the far end of small branches hanging out over a pond or lake in the rain forest. If a snake tries to slither up the branch to eat it, it will shake the branch and knock the lizard off , and the lizard will fall safely into the water. Chameleons （变色龙） c
21、an change color to match their surroundings in order to hide even while sleeping. Corillas（大猩猩） like to sleep high in the trees. They build a new bed every night, sometimes taking up to half an hour to pile branches, twigs, and leaves into a comfortable bed. Birds also find it safe to sleep in the t
22、rees, but unless they have eggs or young chicks, they dont use a nest. They just lock their feet around a branch and hang on. A special tendon（腱） in their legs is automatically tight when they are at rest, so they wont let go and fall. Dolphins(海豚 ) live underwater, but must come to the surface to b
23、reathe. Scientists now believe that dolphins may sleep with only half their brain, while the other half stays awake to keep them safe and breathing. Seals (海豹 ) also do this， lying on their sides on the surface of the water with one flipper underwater paddling to keep their noses above the surface.
24、Some ducks may also have this ability, and actually sleep with one eye closed and one eye open. (281 words) 60 How many animals are mentioned in this passage? A 6. B 7. C 8. D 9. 61 How does a chameleon protect itself while sleeping? A By changing its body colors. B By hinging out over a pond. C By
25、sleeping with half their brain. D By making beds with branches. 62 Why will not birds fall when they are at rest? A They build nests and sleep in them. B They fall asleep automatically. C They have a loose tendon in their legs D They lock their feet around a branch. 63 What does the writer intend to
26、 tell us? A The cleverest animal is the gorilla because it can make beds. B Differences in habitat could lead to different living habits. C The ways animals catch their ZZZs are pretty much the same . D In order to protect themselves most animals choose not to sleep. 3、 （ 2010吉林省实验中学最后冲刺） Until the
27、invention of the steam engine, humans travelled the earth on foot The slow travel meant explorers frequently returned with stories about distant lands: some of them wild tales, some honest descriptions. Barbara Klion, who has retired, knows what that like As a walker who has toured Australia ,Kenya
28、and China on foot ,her trips are the modern edition of an ancient tradition for years Klion and her husband ,now 75 and 80 years old travelled independently. Walkers know seeing the world on foot gives them a rare experience Often travelers are attracted by local people and customs They also get a b
29、eautiful and lasting impression of the scenery Walking tours can be done in ones backyard, but there are several destinations around the world that expose travelers to the best of nature and culture What to look for ? A famous guide says the essential of a quality walk are great scenery, tolerable w
30、eather ,suitable level of difficulty and something like ecology ,history or culture These may seem like unclear instructions , but the fun of walking tours is that many things are determined by the traveler. Someone who appreciates hot climates ,wildlife and flat areas could choose a walking tour in
31、 Zambias South Luangwa National Park Travelers who dont mind the cold and enjoy adventure could hike Patagonia, an area of southern Argentina east of the Andes. In general ,independent travelers can decide how far to go each day, while guests of a tour agency should expect to walk an average of four
32、 to eight miles a day At the Fordland National Park ,for example, there are several easy-to-difficult hikes, giving travelers many choices. 36 Which of the following does NOT make a quality walking ? A Great scenery B Tolerable weather C A helpful companion D Suitable level of difficulty 37 Accordin
33、g to the passage, compared with guests of a tour agency, independent travelers_. A can walk farther B have more choices C face more difficulties D spend less 38 What is the authors attitude to walking tours? A Indifferent B Negative C Worried D Supportive 39 The best title of the passage might be _
34、A See the World on Foot B Barbara Klion ,a great Traveler C What to Look for D The Fun of Walking 4、 （ 2010吉林省长春五中三模） Have you ever heard of Paynes prairie? It is one of the most important natural and historical areas in Florida. Paynes Prairie is located near Gainesville. It is large, 21,000 acres.
35、 This protected land is called a preserve. The Florida Park Service manage the preserve. The Paynes Prairie basin was formed when limestone dissolved and the ground settled. It is covered by marsh(沼泽 )and wet prairie vegetation. There are areas of open water. During brief periods it has flooded enou
36、gh to be considered a lake. Except for that, the basin has changed little through time. Man has lived on Paynes Prairie a very long time. He lived there as far back as 10,000 B. C. At one time, the Seminoles lived there. The prairie is thought to have been named after King Payne, a Seminole chief. D
37、uring the late 1600s, the largest cattle ranch in Florida was on Paynes Prairie. Today, Paynes Prairie is preserved land . It is occupied by visitors and Florida Park Service employees. Willam Bartram visited Paynes Praire. Bartram was the first person who portrayed (described)nature through persona
38、l experience as well as scientific observation. He lived 200 years ago. He visited Paynes Prairie in 1774. At that time he described it. He called Paynes Prairie the “great Alachua Savannah.“ Most of the animal life, which Bartram described, is still here. A large number of sandhill cranes, hawks an
39、d waterfowl are here in winter. The animal diversity is increased by the presence of pine flatwoods, hammock, swamps and ponds. The Paynes Prairie Preserve State Park is open year round. The Florida Park Service works hard so that the park will appear as it did in the past. It offers many opportunit
40、ies for recreation. At the park you can camp and picnic. You can hike and bike. You can boat and fish. You can ride on horse trails. And you can see lots of nature and wildlife. You can see Florida as it was in the early days. Paynes Prairie is part of our Florida history. It is an example of our Fl
41、orida natural resources. It is a place for recreation. Paynes Prairie is an important experience of the Real Florida. 49 How was the Paynes Prairie basin formed? A By the Seminole Indians. B By the Florida Park Service. C From dissolved limestone and the ground settling. D From lots of flooding and
42、wet prairie vegetation. 50 The underlined word “diversity“ means “ .” A variety B society C population D area 51 All of the following are true EXCEPT that _ . A Paynes Prairie has changed little through time B Paynes Prairie is covered by wet prairie vegetation C there used to be a big cattle farm o
43、n Paynes Prairie D William Bartram was the first person to visit Paynes Prairie 52 The purpose of the passage is to . A call on people to protect wildlife B attract people to this preserved park C show you the formation of Paynes Prairie D introduce the recorded history of Paynes Prairie 5、（ 2010 山东
44、省济南市三模） Heavy downpours last month in Rhode Island led to widespread flooding, causing millions of dollars in property damage and leaving thousands homeless. The flood waters also poured vast amounts of raw sewage(未经净化的污水 ) into the rivers and streams that flow into Narragansett Bay. It sounds like
45、the makings of an environmental nightmare. But in fact its just the opposite. To scientists delight. The sewage-loaded floodwaters have caused a well-timed growth of phytoplankton. The microscopic creatures that form the foundation of marine(海洋的 ) food chains. With more food available for fish. Clam
46、s and other sea creatures. The bays fisheries industry is expected to benefit. In decades past. Narragansett Bay typically experienced a late winter early spring algal(海藻 ) bloom that fed creatures up and down the water column. But in recent years, the waters of Narragansen Bay warmed greatly, merit
47、ing this seasonal event. Mark Berman, an oceanographer with the Nationa. Marine Fishertes Service. Said the flood seemed to have sent the bay back in its normal state. However, local, mutate and federal officials in Rhode Island leave been batting other algal blooms that, by contrast, are causing wi
48、despread harm to the Narragansett Bay ecosystem. During summer months, sewage and agricultural runnel flows into the bay. Causing large blooms. But inseam of becoming food for sea creatures, much of the phytoplankton is consumed by bacteria, which grow last in the warmer waters. The rapid bacteria growth leads to hypoxia decrease of oxygen in the water that can cause large fish tools. One such die-off occurred in 2003. when millions of oxygen-starved fish washed up on t
