1、本科毕业论文外文翻译外文题目INDUSTRALMICTRANSFORMATIONOFINTERKNOWLEDGETRANSFER出处POSTCOMMUNISTECONOMICS，VOL19，NO3，SEPTEMBER2007作者HECANFEIONTHISBASIS,NONAKAFURTHERDEEPENTHEEXPLICITKNOWLEDGEANDWORDS,THROUGHWRITTENRECORDS,DIGITALSCANDESCRIPTION,TECHNICALDOCUMENTS,MANUALSANDREPORTS,CLEARLYEXPRESSEDANDEXCHANGEOFKNOWLED
2、GE,WHILETACITKNOWLEDGEISHIGHLYPERSONAL,DIFFICULTTOSTANDARDIZEANDCLARITYOFKNOWLEDGEMAINLYFORTHECRAFT,THEBODYOFTHINKING,PATTERNS,BELIEFSANDOPINIONS,USUALLYROOTEDINTHESPECIFICCONTEXTOFACTIONANDPERSONALUNDERSTANDINGOFTHEMEXPLICITKNOWLEDGEANDTACITKNOWLEDGEABOUTTHERELATIONSHIP,MOSTSCHOLARSBELIEVETHATTHEEX
3、PLICITKNOWLEDGEANDTACITKNOWLEDGEARENOTMUTUALLYEXCLUSIVECONCEPTS,BUTANYKNOWLEDGEINCLUDESEXPLICITKNOWLEDGEANDTACITKNOWLEDGEOFTHEINGREDIENTSFOREXAMPLE,NONAKAPROPOSEDADDITIONOFACOMMUNITYOFACOMPREHENSIVEKNOWLEDGEOFONEOFTHESPIRALMODELINTHATNEWKNOWLEDGEISTACITKNOWLEDGEANDEXPLICITKNOWLEDGETHROUGHTHEINTERACT
4、IONOFTHEALAVIANDLEIDNERTHATTACITKNOWLEDGEANDEXPLICITKNOWLEDGEARENOTMUTUALLYEXCLUSIVESPENDERPOINTEDOUTTHATTHETACITKNOWLEDGEANDEXPLICITKNOWLEDGEOFTHEDIVIDINGLINEISTHEMUTUALPENETRATIONBASEDONTHISSTUDYSHOWSTHATTACITKNOWLEDGEANDEXPLICITKNOWLEDGEOFTHEBOUNDARY,PLATTSOFKNOWLEDGEINTOEXPLICITKNOWLEDGE,TACITKN
5、OWLEDGECANBESPECIFIEDANDTRUETACITKNOWLEDGE,TACITKNOWLEDGEMAYBESPECIFIEDWHICHISABLETOIDENTIFYANDCANBEEXPLICIT,BUTTACITKNOWLEDGEISNOTTRUEISSPECIFIED,THEKNOWLEDGETHEOWNERHASFAILEDTOREALIZETHATPARTOFKNOWLEDGEEDWARDSOFKNOWLEDGEINTOEXPLICITKNOWLEDGE,TACITKNOWLEDGECANBEEXPLICITANDNOTDOMINANTOFTHETACITKNOWL
6、EDGEKNOWLEDGETRANSFERISTHEBASISFORENTERPRISESTOOBTAINCOMPETITIVEADVANTAGE,THEREFORE,HOWTOACHIEVETHETRANSFEROFEXISTINGINDUSTRYKNOWLEDGEISTHEABILITYOFINDUSTRIALTRANSFORMATIONANDTECHNOLOGICALDIFFICULTIESANDFOCUSONRECYCLINGKNOWLEDGETRANSFERISTHEPROCESSOFINTERACTIONBETWEENTHEBODYOFKNOWLEDGE,ITSFRAMEWORKT
7、HETRANSFEROFTHEMAINBODY,MOODSHIFT,TRANSFERTHECONTENTSANDTRANSFERMEDIAFOURPARTSINTHEPROCESSOFKNOWLEDGETRANSFERKNOWLEDGETRANSFERBETWEENTHEPARTIESHAVEENOUGHCOMMONEXPERIENCE,EXPERIENCE,PRACTICE,ISTOACHIEVEEFFECTIVETRANSFEROFKNOWLEDGEBETWEENTHEPARTIESTHENECESSARYCONDITIONSSOTHISBODYOFKNOWLEDGEINDIFFERENT
8、KNOWLEDGEFLOWSBETWEENTHENEEDTOIMPROVETHEKNOWLEDGETRANSFEROFKNOWLEDGEOVERLAPEFFICIENCY,CUMMINGSTTHATTHEOVERLAPBETWEENTHEKNOWLEDGESOURCESANDRECIPIENTSOFKNOWLEDGE,ADIRECTIMPACTONTHESIMILARITYOFTHEEFFICIENCYOFKNOWLEDGETRANSFERAND,FORTHERECIPIENTFORNEWKNOWLEDGEINTHEEVALUATIONANDASSIMILATIONPROCESS,ANDKNO
9、WLEDGEOFTHESOURCETHEREARESIMILAREXPERIENCEANDKNOWLEDGEESSENTIALTOTHEINDUSTRIALTRANSFORMATIONOFENTERPRISES,THEEXISTINGINDUSTRYKNOWLEDGEANDNEWKNOWLEDGEINTOTHEINDUSTRY,THEREISASTRONGCORRELATIONBETWEEN,SOINTERNALKNOWLEDGETRANSFERISFEASIBLEANDNECESSARYINSUMMARY,DOMESTICANDFOREIGNSCHOLARSINTHISFIELDHASMAD
10、EASERIESOFIMPORTANTRESEARCHRESULTSFORTHESTUDYOFINDUSTRIALTRANSFORMATIONANDKNOWLEDGETRANSFERWITHINTHEENTERPRISEPROVIDESATHEORETICALBASISANDMETHODOFINSTRUCTIONBUTNEEDTOPOINTOUTTHATTHESTUDYISSTILLINACONTEXTOFESTABLISHEDINDUSTRIES,IFTHEENTERPRISESTOIMPLEMENTINDUSTRIALTRANSFORMATION,WHICHCHANGESTHEINDUST
11、RYBACKGROUND,RELEVANTRESEARCHAREASFORFURTHEREXPANSIONINDUSTRIALRESTRUCTURINGISAPROCESSFULLOFRISKSANDCHALLENGES,THEINDUSTRYTURNOVERRISEANDFALLOFCOUNTLESSTIMESNOTSUCCESSFULTRANSITIONOUTOFTHEBUSINESS,ANDEVENTHEINDUSTRYLEADERHOWEVER,IFTHESTUDYTHEHISTORYOFTHEDEVELOPMENTOFDOMESTICANDFOREIGNENTERPRISES,CAN
12、BEFOUND,THEREHAVESUCCESSFULLYIMPLEMENTEDANUMBEROFENTERPRISESINDUSTRIALTRANSFORMATION,TRANSFORMATIONOFINTERNALKNOWLEDGETRANSFERPROVIDESAUNIQUETYPEOFSAMPLESIFWETAKETHISASASTARTINGPOINT,ITSINTERNALKNOWLEDGETRANSFERPROCESSINDEPTHSTUDYWILLHELPTOEXPLORETHEINDUSTRIALTRANSFORMATIONANDTECHNOLOGICALCAPABILITY
13、EFFECTIVEWAYOFRECYCLINGIIINDUSTRIALTRANSFORMATIONOFINTERNALKNOWLEDGETRANSFERMECHANISMSIDENTIFYINGANDMININGTHEORIGINALTHROUGHTHEMEDIAINDUSTRYKNOWLEDGEINTHEKNOWLEDGETRANSFERPROCESS,YOUFIRSTNEEDTOIDENTIFYTHETRANSFEROFKNOWLEDGE,ANDINFORMTHERECIPIENTSTHROUGHTHETRANSFERCHANNELSROOTEDNATUREOFTHISKNOWLEDGEC
14、ANREFLECTTHEIMAGEOFTHEORIGINALINDUSTRYKNOWLEDGETHISINDUSTRIALTRANSFORMATIONOFTHEORIGINALCOMPANYTOUSETHEMEDIAINDUSTRYRECOGNITIONPROVIDESTHEPOSSIBILITYOFUSEFULKNOWLEDGE,THESOCALLEDNEWMEDIAINTOTHEINDUSTRYANDKNOWLEDGEOFTHEORIGINALCOMMONCARRIERBETWEENINDUSTRIESENTERPRISESONTHEINDUSTRIALTRANSFORMATIONINDU
15、STRIESANDBETWEENINDUSTRIESANDTHENEWKNOWLEDGEINTORELATEDDEGREE,THEREAREALOTOFCOMMONKNOWLEDGEINTHERECOGNITIONPROCESS,DUETOEXPLICITKNOWLEDGEEMBEDDEDINDOCUMENTS,EQUIPMENTANDOTHERCARRIERS,ENTERPRISESRELATIVELYEASYTOIDENTIFYIDENTIFICATIONOFTACITKNOWLEDGEISTHEKEYTOKNOWLEDGESTENMARKTHATINTHEORGANIZATIONALEN
16、VIRONMENT,INTHECASEISNOTEXPLICIT,TACITKNOWLEDGECANBEIDENTIFIEDINTHEIDENTIFICATIONOFTACITKNOWLEDGE,COMPANIESNEEDTOANALYZETHETECHNICALSKILLSNECESSARYKNOWLEDGEANDRECYCLINGINDUSTRYCANBEUSEDWITHTHEORIGINALCOMMONKNOWLEDGE,RECOGNITIONMININGANDWANTTOREUSEOFTACITKNOWLEDGE,ONTHISBASIS,DETERMINEWHICHPARTOFTHEK
17、NOWLEDGEOFTHEEXISTENCEOFTHECARRIERTHROUGHTHEMEDIATOIDENTIFYANDDIGOUTTHEACCUMULATIONOFINDUSTRYRELATEDPRODUCTSINTHEORIGINALDESIGN,MANUFACTURINGPROCESSESANDOTHERASPECTSOFKNOWLEDGEBUTSHOULDBENOTEDTHAT,WHENTHEREQUIREDKNOWLEDGEANDBUSINESSKNOWLEDGEWITHINTHEKNOWLEDGEBASEDOESNOTMEETTHEEXACTMATCHTHISREQUIRESC
18、OMPANIESTOINNOVATEONTHEBASISOFEXISTINGKNOWLEDGETHEREFORE,INORDERTOMAKEFULLUSEOFEXISTINGKNOWLEDGEOFBUSINESS,ENTERPRISESNEEDTOTAKERELEVANTMEASURESTOACHIEVETHETRANSFEROFKNOWLEDGEWITHINTHEENTERPRISETECHNOLOGICALLEARNINGISTHEORGANIZATIONWITHINTERNALANDEXTERNALFAVORABLECONDITIONS,ACCESSTONEWTECHNOLOGYBEHA
19、VIOREXPLICITKNOWLEDGEISDESCRIBEDASEASYTOQUANTIFY,INDUSTRIALRESTRUCTURINGENTERPRISESFROMACADEMICKNOWLEDGE,CELLTECHNOLOGY,PRODUCTS,SYSTEMSANDSUBSYSTEMSFORTECHNICALLEARNINGANDDISCARDTHOSETHATDONOTCOMPLYWITHTHENEWTECHNOLOGYINDUSTRYDEVELOPMENTTRENDOFTHEORIGINALKNOWLEDGE,TOACHIEVETHEDOMINANTBENEFITOFTRANS
20、FORMATIONKNOWLEDGETRANSFERANDREUSELEARNINGPROCESSINTECHNOLOGY,BUSINESSKNOWLEDGEBASETHROUGHTHERECENTTRANSFEROFEXPLICITKNOWLEDGETOACHIEVETHEINTERNALTRANSFERTRANSFERFORATEAMCLOSETOTHELONGTERMREPETITIVETASKSFROMTHEKNOWLEDGEGAINED,WASVERYSIMILARTOOTHERWORKINTHETEAMAGAIN,THISTIMEWITHTHETRANSFEROFTHERECIPI
21、ENTPARTYHASASIMILARWORKINGENVIRONMENT,THETASKISROUTINE,KNOWLEDGEISUSUALLYDOMINANTCASESEXPLICITKNOWLEDGEWILLBEUSEFULTOSTANDARDIZETHEWRITINGMANUAL,INTHISINTEGRATIONPROCESS,THEPROMOTIONOFPERSONALKNOWLEDGEANDFRAGMENTEDKNOWLEDGEOFSYSTEMATICKNOWLEDGEWITHINTHEENTERPRISETOFACILITATETHEDIFFUSIONANDSHARINGAMO
22、IWHENENTERINGTHEMOBILEPHONEINDUSTRY,CONSTRUCTIONANDWORKINGPRINCIPLEOFMOBILELEARNING,ANDCOMPILEDINHOUSETECHNICALMANUALTRANSMISSION,MAKINGTHEEXPLICITKNOWLEDGESTOREDINKNOWLEDGETRANSFERTOTHEPHONEINDUSTRYAFTERTHEINTEGRATIONOFEXPLICITKNOWLEDGE,THROUGHTHECORPORATEBODYOFKNOWLEDGEATALLLEVELSOFLEARNING,EXPERI
23、ENCE,ANDACCUMULATIONTHENTHETRANSITIONFORAVARIETYOFTACITKNOWLEDGE,THEFORMATIONOFTHEKNOWLEDGESPIRAL,IMPROVETHETECHNICALCAPACITYOFINDUSTRIALENTERPRISESINTRANSITIONLEARNINGTHROUGHTECHNOLOGY,ENTERPRISESHAVEREALIZEDTHEREUSEOFEXPLICITKNOWLEDGE,BUTTACITKNOWLEDGEISANIMPORTANTASPECTOFTECHNICALKNOWLEDGE,ITSABS
24、ORPTIVECAPACITYDETERMINESTHEEFFECTIVENESSOFTECHNOLOGICALLEARNINGATTHESAMETIME,TACITKNOWLEDGEISALONGTERMSOURCEOFCOMPETITIVEADVANTAGETHEREFORE,INORDERTOACHIEVEASMOOTHTECHNICALCAPACITYFORRECYCLINGINDUSTRIALTRANSFORMATIONANDTHENEEDFORFULLREUSEEXISTINGBUSINESSINDUSTRY,TACITKNOWLEDGETACITKNOWLEDGEISFALSEK
25、NOWLEDGEANDTRUEBETWEENTHEEXPLICITKNOWLEDGEBETWEENTACITKNOWLEDGE,MAINLYINTHESKILLS,KNOWHOW,EXPERIENCE,FORM,CONSTITUTETHEMAINBODYOFTACITKNOWLEDGEPSEUDOEXISTENCEOFTACITKNOWLEDGEHASBEENABLETO,PROVIDEANALYSISFROMTHEKNOWLEDGE,THESTAFFOUTOFTHEOWNERSHIP,PRIVILEGEDPOSITION,DOMINANTPOSITIONANDOTHERCONSIDERATI
26、ONS,OFTENRELUCTANTTOSHARETHEIRKNOWLEDGEWITHOTHERS,WHICHCAUSEDSOMEOFTHESUBJECTIVETACITKNOWLEDGEONDIFFICULTDOMINANCEINADDITION,SOMEPSEUDOSUBJECTIVETACITKNOWLEDGEISTHATSTAFFAREWILLINGTOHIDEINONEOFTHETACITKNOWLEDGEEXPLICIT,BUTMOREDIFFICULTTOOBJECTIVELYEXPLICITFORTHETRANSFEROFTACITKNOWLEDGEFALSE,INDUSTRI
27、ALRESTRUCTURINGENTERPRISESNEEDTOTAKEEFFECTIVEINCENTIVESTOMOTIVATEEMPLOYEESTOSHARETHEIROWNKNOWLEDGE,COMPANIESSHOULDFIRSTRECOGNIZEDTHEORIGINALITYOFINDIVIDUALEMPLOYEESANDPROPRIETARYTACITKNOWLEDGEOF,ANDCORRECTASSESSMENTINDICATORSSTAFFWILLSHARETHEIRKNOWLEDGEWITHOTHERSTHEQUALITYANDQUANTITYINTOTHEEXAMINATI
28、ONSYSTEMONTHISBASISENCOURAGEEMPLOYEESTOSHARETHEIROWNKNOWLEDGE,ANDEMPLOYEESWHOPARTICIPATEINKNOWLEDGESHARING,TOGIVEACERTAINSTATUSREQUIREMENTSBYSATISFYINGTHEINTERESTSOFSTAFFANDINSPIRETHEMTOTHEIROWNUNIQUEKNOWLEDGEANDENTHUSIASMTOSHAREWITHOTHERS,ONTHISBASIS,THROUGHFORMALANDINFORMALEXCHANGES,TOACHIEVETHESU
29、BJECTIVEREASONSFORTHEPSEUDOINTERNALTRANSFEROFTACITKNOWLEDGETHROUGHTHEESTABLISHMENTOFINCENTIVESYSTEM,CANENHANCETHETRUSTBETWEENEMPLOYEES,DUETOOBJECTIVEREASONSWHICHCONTRIBUTETOTHEPSEUDOTACITKNOWLEDGETRANSFERANDREWSRESEARCHALSOSHOWSTHATWHENTHEKNOWLEDGETRANSFERBETWEENTHETRUST,PEOPLEWILLBEMOREWILLINGTOGIV
30、EEACHOTHERUSEFULKNOWLEDGETACITKNOWLEDGEISHARDTOOBTAINFROMOFFICIALSOURCES,THETRANSFERMUSTBECLOSECONTACTBETWEENINDIVIDUALS,MUTUALCONSULTATIONSCITEDWHENTHEORIGINALINDUSTRYEMPLOYEESANDNEWEMPLOYEESENTERINGTHEINDUSTRYTOCARRYOUTFORMALANDINFORMALEXCHANGES,TOTHEHELPOFLANGUAGE,POSTURE,EMOTIONALEXPRESSIONOFTHE
31、COMBINEDEFFECTSOFSUCHACTIVATIONINTHEORIGINALPSEUDOBUSINESSTACITKNOWLEDGEACCUMULATEDANDBYSORTING,SUMMARIZING,COMPILEDPRACTICES,MANAGEMENTSYSTEMSANDOPERATIONALGUIDELINESANDOTHERDOCUMENTSINTHEFORMEXCHANGEANDSHARINGWITHINTHEORGANIZATION,THEPARTOFTHEKNOWLEDGEINTOEXPLICITKNOWLEDGE,ONTHISBASIS,THROUGHTECHN
32、ICALSTUDYTOACHIEVEKNOWLEDGETRANSFERAMOITHROUGHINFORMALEXCHANGESWITHINTHEORGANIZATIONSOTHATITACCUMULATEDINTHEAREAINTHEVCDPSEUDOKNOWLEDGEEXTERNALIZATION,THELOCALCONCEPTOFCUSTOMERVALUEANDPRODUCTINNOVATIONANDTHETRANSFERWELLTOMOBILEPHONESBECAUSEKNOWLEDGEISSTICKY,ESPECIALLYINTERMSOFTACITKNOWLEDGEOFTRUTH,M
33、AINLYININSPIRATION,MENTALMODELS,DOMINANTLOGIC,CULTURE,COMMONWISHTOEXISTINTHEFORMOFSTAFF,TEAMORORGANIZATION,ANDTHATTHISPARTOFTHEKNOWLEDGECANNOTBEENCODEDANDMETRICS,DOMINANCESLOWERANDHIGHERCOST,ITISDIFFICULTTOACHIEVETHROUGHTHEEXCHANGEOFMETASTASISTHEINDUSTRIALTRANSFORMATIONISARISKYPROCESSTHISREQUIRESCOM
34、PANIESTOQUICKLYCOMPLETETHETECHNICALCAPACITYOFRECYCLINGINTERNALTRANSFEROFPERSONNELTRANSFERISANEFFECTIVEWAYTOACHIEVETHECONTEXTOFOTHERTHANINTERNALKNOWLEDGETRANSFER,INDUSTRIALRESTRUCTURINGISTHEINTERNALTRANSFEROFKNOWLEDGEFROMTHEEXITINTOTHEINDUSTRIALTRANSFERTOANEWINDUSTRYINTHISPARTICULARCONTEXTTRANSFEROFM
35、ORESTAFFTHEFEASIBILITYANDNECESSITYEMPLOYEESINDIFFERENTJOBSMODERATEFLOWISCONDUCIVETOUNDERSTANDINGBETWEENEMPLOYEESANDIMPROVEINTERPERSONALCOMMUNICATIONNETWORKSREDUCETHECOSTOFTHERECEIVERNEEDTOSEARCHFORKNOWLEDGEGALBRAITHSRESEARCHSHOWSTHATPEOPLECANACHIEVETHETRANSFEROFTACITKNOWLEDGETRANSFERTOTHENEWENVIRONM
36、ENTCOMPAREDWITHOTHERMETHODS,THEINTERNALTRANSFEROFKNOWLEDGETOACHIEVETHEMOSTEFFECTIVEWAYTHENEEDSOFNEWINDUSTRIESBASEDONKNOWLEDGE,SELECTEDTHETRUECARRIEROFTACITKNOWLEDGETRANSFERTOTHENEWINDUSTRYENVIRONMENT,LEARNINGTHROUGHTECHNOLOGYINTOTHEINDUSTRYINTHENEWFORMATIONOFNEWTECHNICALKNOWHOW,SUCHASMENTALMODELS,WH
37、ICHISCONDUCIVETORECONSTRUCTIONOFENTERPRISETECHNOLOGYCAPACITYSUCHASAMOIELECTRONICSACCUMULATEDSALESINTHEVCDINDUSTRYKNOWLEDGE,ANDTHEEXTERNALIZATIONOFTACITKNOWLEDGETHATISDIFFICULTTOAPPLYTOMOBILEPHONES,THESUCCESSFULIMPLEMENTATIONOFINDUSTRIALRESTRUCTURINGIIIMODELOFINTERNALKNOWLEDGETRANSFERINDUSTRIALTRANSF
38、ORMATIONOFINTERNALKNOWLEDGETRANSFERISADYNAMICPROCESSTHATREQUIRESKNOWLEDGEOFTHERECIPIENTANDSOURCEOFKNOWLEDGEANDINTERACTIONBETWEENTHEMULTIPLEFEEDBACKINTHISPROCESS,ATOTALOFBETWEENENTERPRISESTOENTERTHEINDUSTRYKNOWLEDGE,THROUGHTHEMEDIAINDUSTRYTOIDENTIFYANDDIGOUTTHEEXISTINGKNOWLEDGESTOREDINTHEKNOWLEDGEBAS
39、E,THEEFFECTIVEINTHEPREVENTIONCAUSEDBYEMPLOYEESLEAVINGTHEORGANIZATIONOFAMNESIATOUSETHISKNOWLEDGE,BUSINESSLEARNINGTHROUGHTECHNOLOGY,TOACHIEVETHETRANSFEROFEXPLICITKNOWLEDGEFORTHEPSEUDOTERMSOFTACITKNOWLEDGENEEDANEFFECTIVEINCENTIVESYSTEM,ANDITSDOMINANCEBYINFORMALCOMMUNICATIONREALTRANSFEROFTACITKNOWLEDGEA
40、CHIEVEDTHROUGHSTAFFKNOWLEDGEOFTHEPARTOFTHENEWENTRANTSINTOTHEINDUSTRYINTHEREUSEBYINDUSTRY,MININGANDREUSEEXISTINGKNOWLEDGEANDACCELERATETHEPROCESSOFINDUSTRIALTRANSFORMATIONOFTHEENTERPRISECONCLUSIONSTHEPURSUITOFSUSTAINABLEGROWTHFORTHEINDUSTRIALTRANSFORMATIONOFENTERPRISESINTERNALKNOWLEDGETRANSFERPROCESS,
41、INCLUDINGTHEKNOWLEDGETOIDENTIFY,EXPLOREANDREUSEINTHISPROCESS,THROUGHTHEMEDIAANDMININGINDUSTRIESINTHEIDENTIFICATIONOFUSEFULKNOWLEDGEINTHISBASIS,THROUGHTECHNICALSTUDY,TOACHIEVETHETRANSFEROFEXPLICITKNOWLEDGE,ANDTHROUGHTHECONVERSIONOFTHETACITKNOWLEDGE,THEFORMATIONOFTHEKNOWLEDGESPIRAL,TOACHIEVEDOMINANCEK
42、NOWLEDGEREUSEPSEUDOREUSEOFTACITKNOWLEDGETOBEANEFFECTIVEINCENTIVESYSTEMTOENCOURAGEEMPLOYEESTOSHARETHEIROWNKNOWLEDGE,ANDTHROUGHFORMALANDINFORMALEXCHANGEOFTACITKNOWLEDGETOACHIEVEPSEUDOTRANSFERTHETRANSFERISTOACHIEVETRUEPERSONHIDDENEFFECTIVEWAYOFKNOWLEDGETRANSFER译文产业转型的内部知识转移摘要为了探求产业转型企业内部知识转移的有效途径，研究了产业
43、转型企业内部知识转移的机制。在此基础上。构建了产业转型企业内部知识转移模型。研究表明，产业转型企业通过媒介识别并挖掘原有产业知识。利用技术学习实现显性知识的转移，通过建立有效的激励制度实现伪隐性知识转移，而人员转移是实现真隐性知识转移的有效途径。关键词产业转型知识转移显性知识隐性知识当前，世界经济正处在一个技术和产业迅速发展的时期，中国人均已达到3000美元。正处于工业化中期的后半段，这是一个产业结构急剧变动的发展阶段。在全球经济一体化的背景下。中国经济发展面临着发展转型和结构调整的历史性转变。外部环境的快速演进对企业发展构成了巨大的挑战，也带来了难得的机遇追求持续成长的企业必须保持对自身生存
44、环境的敏感。当原有产业已难以为企业提供足够的成长空间时，适时进行产业转型便成为企业的明智选择。PRAHALAD和HAME认为。由于竞争全球化、产业结构变动和技术的不连续性变化等因素的影响。企业面临着难以避免的产业转型。在产业转型和再造技术能力的过程中。企业或多或少地利用了在原有产业中积累的知识和形成的技术能力，这在产业跨度较小的产业转型中表现得尤为明显。企业的成败取决于它能否从过去经验中学习并据此不断改进和完善。MILLER的实证研究表明，企业在进入新的产业时，新进入产业与原有产业之间的技术关联度与转型的绩效间成正相关关系。GEMA认为，企业在进入下游产业时。原有产业的核心技术有助于企业在新产
45、业中构建核心能力。因此，在产业转型过程中，挖掘和再利用原有产业积累的知识，有助于降低企业技术能力再造的成本和产业转型的风险。一相关研究综述20世纪60年代初期，POLANYI首先提出了显性知识和隐性知识的概念，认为隐性知识来源于个体对外部世界的判断和感知，并进一步指出“我们知道的要比我们能说出来的多”；在此基础上，NONAKA进一步深化了显性知识和言，通过书面记录、数字描描述、技术文件、手册和报告等明确表达和交流的知识，而隐性知识是高度个人化、难以规范化和明晰化的知识。主要表现为手艺、人体的思维、模式、信仰和观点等，通常根植于行动和个人对具体背景的理解当中。有关显性知识与隐性知识的关系，大多数
46、学者认为显性知识与隐性知识并不是相互排斥的概念，而是任何知识都包括显性知识和隐性知识的成分。例如，NONAKA提出了社会化一外化一综合化一内化的知识螺旋模型，认为新的知识是通过隐性知识与显性知识相互作用产生的ALAVI和LEIDNER指出，隐性知识和显性知识不是相互排斥的SPENDER指出隐性知识和显性知识的分界线是相互渗透的。在此研究的基础上，显示隐性知识与显性知识的边界，PLATTS将知识分为显性知识、可指明的隐性知识和真隐性知识，其中可指明的隐性知识是指能够识别并可以显性化，而真隐性知识是指不能被指明，知识拥有者未能意识到拥有该部分知识；EDWARDS将知识分为显性知识、可以显性化的隐性
47、知识和不能显性化的隐性知识。知识转移是企业获取竞争优势的基础，因此，如何实现原有产业知识的转移是产业转型企业技术能力再造的难点和重点。知识转移是知识主体之间互动的过程，其框架转移主体、转移意境、转移内容和转移媒介4个部分。在知识转移的过程中。知识转移的双方拥有足够多的共同经历、经验、实践活动，是实现知识在双方之间有效转移的必要条件。于是。这种在不同的知识主体之间的知识流动，需要重叠知识来提高知识转移的效率，CUMMINGST认为知识源与接受者之间重叠知识的相似程度直接影响着知识转移的效率；而且，对于接受方来说，在评价和消化新知识过程中，与知识源共有相似的经验知识至关重要，对产业转型企业而言，原
48、有产业知识与新进入产业知识之间存在较强的相关性，因此，内部知识转移具有可行性和必要性。综上所述，国内外学者在该领域已经取得了一系列重要的研究成果，为研究产业转型企业内部知识转移提供了理论基础和方法指导。但需要要指出的是，有关研究仍是在一个既定的产业背景下进行的，如果企业实施产业转型，所处的产业背景发生变化，相关的研究范畴需进一步拓展。产业转型是一个充满风险和挑战的过程，产业的兴衰更替无数次地淘汰了未能成功转型的企业，甚至是行业的领导者。然而，如果考察国内外企业发展的历史，可以发现，确有一批企业成功地实施了产业转型，转型企业内部知识转移的研究提供了一类独特的样本。如果以此为切入点，对其内部知识转
49、移过程进行深入研究，将有助于探求产业转型企业技术能力再造的有效途径。二产业转型企业内部知识转移机制21通过媒介识别和挖掘原有产业知识在知识转移过程中，首先需要识别所转移的知识，并通过转移渠道告知接受者。知识的这种根植性可以形象地体现原产业知识水平。这为产业转型企业利用媒介识别原产业中有用知识提供了可能，所谓媒介是新进入产业与原产业之间共性知识的载体。对产业转型企业而言。原产业与新进入产业之间知识关联度大，存在大量的共性知识。在识别过程中，由于显性知识根植于文档、设备等载体中，企业比较容易识别；隐性知识的识别是知识的关键。STENMARK认为，在组织环境中，在未被显性化的情况下，隐性知识也能够被识别；在对隐性知识进行识别时，企业需要分析技术能力再造所需知识与原产业中可利用知识的共同点，确认欲挖掘和再利用的隐性知识，在此基础上，确定该部分知识赖以存在的载体。通过媒介识别和挖掘出积累在原有产业中有关产品设计、制造工艺等方面的知识。但需要说明的是，此时企业所需知识与知识库内的知识未达到完全匹配。这需要企业在原有知识基础上进行创新。因此，为充分利用企业原有知识，企业还需采取相关措施实现知识在企业内部的转移。22技术学习促进企业显性知识转移技术学习就是组织利用内部和外部有利条件，获得新技术的行为。由于显性知识具有易于描述量化，产业转型企业从学科知识、单元技术、产品系统及其子系统等
