1、本科毕业论文外文翻译外文题目DEVELOPMENTOFALOWCARBONECONOMYINCHINA出处THEINTERNATIONALJOURNALOFSUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENTANDWORLDECOLOGY作者DINGDING,DONGBAODAIANDMINGZHAO原文KEYWORDSLOWCARBONECONOMY,CLIMATECHANGE,CARBONEMISSIONS,DEVELOPMENTSTRATEGIES,CHINASUMMARYUNDERTHEPRESSURESOFCLIMATECHANGE,MANYCOUNTRIESARETRYINGTOADAPT
2、TOALOWCARBONECONOMYINTHISPAPER,WEREVIEWTHEDEVELOPMENTPATTERNOFTHELOWCARBONECONOMYOFMAJORCOUNTRIESANDITSIMPACTONTHEWORLDECONOMYWETHENARGUETHATECONOMICDEVELOPMENTANDABATEMENTOFGREENHOUSEGASGHGEMISSIONSINCHINASHOULDBEBALANCEDTHECHALLENGESTHATCHINAFACESSHOULDALSOBECONSIDEREDCAREFULLYITISNECESSARYFORCHIN
3、ATOFINDANAPPROACHTOSOLVETHEISSUESOFCLIMATECHANGE,WHICHSHOULDINCLUDENEWTECHNOLOGIESANDESTABLISHINGINCENTIVEMECHANISMSANDREFORMORIENTEDPOLICIESTHESEGUIDELINESCANADJUSTTHESTRUCTUREOFTHEECONOMYANDENERGYUSE,IMPROVEENERGYEFFICIENCY,PROMOTETHEDEVELOPMENTOFALTERNATIVEANDRENEWABLEENERGY,ENHANCETHEPOTENTIALOF
4、CARBONSINKS,ANDDEVELOPADVANCEDTECHNOLOGYTOPERFECTACLEANDEVELOPMENTMECHANISMANDSUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENTTHROUGHINTERNATIONALCOOPERATIONINTRODUCTIONCHINASCURRENTCAPACITYTOTACKLECLIMATECHANGEISRELATIVELYLOWDUETOITSRAPIDECONOMICDEVELOPMENT,HUGEPOPULATIONANDCOALDOMINATEDENERGYSYSTEMTHUS,CHINAFACESGREATCHALL
5、ENGESINCOPINGWITHCLIMATECHANGE,NAMELYTHEINCREASINGPRESSUREOFCO2EMISSIONSRESULTINGFROMTHEHIGHDEMANDFORENERGYINTHEPROCESSOFRAPIDURBANIZATION,INDUSTRIALIZATION,ANDGLOBALIZATIONTHEINTERNATIONALCOMMUNITYNOWREQUESTSEACHCOUNTRYTOPUTMOREEFFORTINTOCONTROLLINGCLIMATECHANGESANDMITIGATINGTHEIRCONSEQUENCESINORDE
6、RTOCOPEWITHINCREASINGLYSERIOUSGLOBALCLIMATECHANGESCHINASDOMESTICNEEDSANDITSGLOBALCLIMATERESPONSIBILITIESPULLTHECOUNTRYINDIFFERENTDIRECTIONSANDCONFRONTCHINAWITHSEVEREPOLICYCHALLENGESNDRC2007CLIMATECHANGEISFUELLINGASIGNIFICANTRENAISSANCEINNATIONALENVIRONMENTALMOVEMENTSINEUROPETHEBROADAIMOFTHISARTICLEI
7、STOEXAMINEWHETHERITWASBETTERTOUNDERSTANDTHEEXTENTTOWHICHTHE2006STEMREVIEWONCLIMATECHANGEMARKEDADECISIVETURNINGPOINTINTHEUK,ORWHETHERITWASJUSTANOTHERMISSEDOPPORTUNITYJORDAN2007LABELLEDASTHEMOSTCOMPREHENSIVEREVIEWOFTHEECONOMICSOFCLIMATECHANGEEVERPRODUCED,THESTEMREVIEWWASCOMMISSIONEDASPARTOFTHEG8GLENEA
8、GLESDIALOGUEONCLIMATECHANGETHEFOLLOWUPINTERMSOFNEWPOLITICALANDPOLICYPRONOUNCEMENTSISEXAMINEDITISCONCLUDEDTHATFINDINGWAYSTOUNITEDOMESTICANDINTERNATIONALACTIONSONCLIMATECHANGEREPRESENTSANENORMOUSLYTRICKYPOLITICALCHALLENGEFORALLGOVERNMENTSTHEORYANDPRACTICEINTHELOWCARBONECONOMYTHEIDEAOFALOWCARBONECONOMY
9、ISRELATEDTOTHEBASICMATERIALCYCLESONEARTH,ESPECIALLYTHECARBONCYCLEANDCARBONBALANCEWITHINAGIVENCARBONBUDGET,ONEMAYCALCULATEVARIOUSPUBLICANDCOMMERCIALACTIVITIESWITHREGARDTOTHEIRCARBONEMISSIONS,ANDUSEMARKETMECHANISMSFORTRADINGRIGHTSFORCARBONEMISSIONS,EITHERDOMESTICALLYORINTERNATIONALLY,THROUGHMECHANISMS
10、INTHEKYOTOPROTOCOLATHOROUGHRECONSIDERATIONOFECONOMICANDSOCIALACTIVITIESWITHREGARDTOTHECONTROLOFGREENHOUSEGHGEMISSIONSMAYALLOWACOMPLETETRANSFORMATIONOFTHESYSTEMINLINEWITHLOWCARBONECONOMICTHEORY,ANDTHEREFOREMAYPROVIDEASUSTAINABLESOLUTIONFORGLOBALCLIMATECHANGEINMANYCOUNTRIES,GREATPROGRESSHASBEENMADEINS
11、CIENTIFICRESEARCHTOUNDERSTANDTHEIMPACTOFHUMANACTIVITIESONCARBONEMISSIONSINTERMSOFINTERNATIONALRESEARCHONGLOBALCLIMATECHANGESZHAO2006INTERNATIONALRESEARCHONTHELOWCARBONECONOMYISCURRENTLYFOCUSEDONTHEFOLLOWINGFOURAREAS1ENERGYCONSUMPTION,INCLUDINGTRANSFORMINGTHEENERGYCONSUMPTIONSTRUCTURERELATEDANDREBUIL
12、DINGENERGYSYSTEMSINTOLOWCARBONSYSTEMS2DEVELOPMENTOFTHEECONOMY,CONCENTRATINGONRELATIONSBETWEENTHEMODES,STAGESANDDEVELOPMENTALSPEEDSOFDIFFERENTECONOMICACTIVITIESANDCARBONEMISSIONS3AGRICULTURALPRODUCTION,COMPRISINGCHANGESINLANDUSE,REGULATIONOFAGRICULTURALLANDANDCHANGESINAGRICULTURALPRODUCTIONLEVELSANDS
13、TRUCTURETOREDUCEEMISSIONS4ANALYSISOFECONOMICRISKSANDRESEARCHONVARIOUSCOUNTERMEASURESFORREDUCTIONOFCARBONEMISSIONSZHANGETAL2002BESIDESRELEVANTREGIONALANDCOMPARATIVEANALYSES,MOREANDMOREIMPORTANCEISPLACEDONINTEGRATEDANALYSESUSINGCOMPREHENSIVEMODELSANDLARGEAMOUNTSOFDATA,SUCHASCARBONCIRCULATION/ENERGYMOD
14、ELS,DYNAMICINTEGRATEDEVALUATIONMODELSANDENERGYCONSUMPTIONMODELSFORCARBONEMISSIONREDUCTIONWANGETAL2004XUETAL2006HOWEVER,NOSATISFACTORYPROGRESSHASBEENMADEINTHECONVERSIONOFENERGYWITHINTHEINTERNALELEMENTSGENERATINGCARBONEMISSIONSANDTHEINTERACTIONOFALLELEMENTSINTHECARBONEMISSIONCYCLEERI2005SOMEDEVELOPEDC
15、OUNTRIESTHATHAVECOMPLEXENERGYSECURITYCONSTRAINTSREGARDTHEREDUCTIONOFGREENHOUSEGASESEMISSIONSASANINTEGRALPARTOFENERGYSTRATEGYADJUSTMENTTHESECOUNTRIESAREATTEMPTINGTOBUILDALOWCARBONEMISSIONECONOMYBYINCREASINGENERGYEFFICIENCY,OPTIMIZINGENERGYSTRUCTURESANDSTRENGTHENINGRXU2007WHILESECURINGTHESUPPLYOFCONVE
16、NTIONALDOMESTICPETROLEUMENERGY,MANYCOUNTRIESAREACTIVELYDEVELOPINGRENEWABLEENERGYANDNEWENERGYSOURCESMANYARERECONSIDERINGNUCLEARPOWERDEVELOPMENT,ANDADJUSTINGANDOPTIMIZINGTHEENERGYSTRUCTURETOEFFECTIVELYREDUCETHEVOLUMEOFCO2EMITTEDPERUNITOFCONSUMPTIONTHEEUHASANNOUNCEDTHEDEVELOPMENTGOALOFDEVELOPINGNEWRENE
17、WABLEENERGYSOURCESTHEUSAANDJAPANHAVEREINFORCEDTHEROLEOFNUCLEARPOWERINTHEIRENERGYSTRATEGIES,AFTERA20YEARHISTORYOFNOTBUILDINGNEWNUCLEARPOWERPLANTSJAPANCONTINUESTOIMPLEMENTPLANSTOREINFORCETHENATIONALPOWERSUPPLYWITHNUCLEARPOWERANDTOSPEEDUPITSDEVELOPMENTFROM29ATPRESENTTO30ANDUPTO40BY2030ITISESSENTIALFORA
18、LLCOUNTRIESTOCREATEMOREMATERIALWEALTHWITHLESSENERGYCONSUMPTIONTHISWILLPROVIDEECONOMICBENEFITSANDISALSOANIMPORTANTMEANSTOREDUCECO2EMISSIONSZHUANG2005JAPANWILLRAISEENERGYEFFICIENCYBY30BY2030,WHILETHEEUPLANSTOREDUCEITSTOTALENERGYCONSUMPTIONBY20BY2020,COMPAREDWITHTHATIN2004THEUSAENERGYSTRATEGYWILLCONCEN
19、TRATEONPRODUCTIONTECHNIQUESFORADVANCEDBATTERIESANDVEHICLEFUELSSUCHASCELLULOSICETHANOLANDHYDROGEN,ANDHOWTOUSESOPHISTICATEDBUTCLEANENERGYTECHNOLOGIES,NAMELYCLEANCOAL,NUCLEARENERGY,SOLARENERGYANDWINDENERGYJAPANISEMPHASISINGRESEARCHONSUPERBURNING,SUPERTIMEANDSPACEENERGYUTILIZATIONANDADVANCEDENERGYSAVING
20、TECHNIQUESTHEEUPROPOSESTODEVELOPTHEWORLDSMOSTADVANCEDENERGYTECHNOLOGIESANDACCELERATETHEDEVELOPMENTOFNEWTECHNOLOGIESSUCHASNUCLEARFUSIONITER,NEWFUELCELLS,CARBONCAPTUREANDSTORAGE,RENEWABLEENERGYANDGASHYDRATESCLIMATECHANGECHALLENGESINCHINACLIMATECHANGEISANOVERALLGLOBALCONCERN,ANDENERGYISTHEMATERIALBASIS
21、ANDGUARANTEEFORTHESUSTAINABLEGROWTHOFCHINASECONOMYCHINAISALSOONEOFTHEMAINEMISSIONSOURCESFORGREENHOUSEGASESONTHEONEHAND,CHINACURRENTLYHASASHORTAGEOFENERGY,WHILE,ONTHEOTHERHAND,ITCONSUMESTOOMUCHENERGY,WHICHINCREASESTHEEMISSIONOFCO2ENDEAVOURTOCONTROLGREENHOUSEGASEMISSIONSANDSTRENGTHENITSSUSTAINABLEGROW
22、THCAPABILITYISBOTHAFULFILLMENTOFTHEREQUIREMENTSOFTHEUNITEDNATIONSFRAMEWORKCONVENTIONONCLIMATECHANGEANDTHEINEVITABLERESULTOFTHEFULLIMPLEMENTATIONOFSCIENTIFICDEVELOPMENTCONCEPTSINTHISNEWSITUATIONGREENHOUSEGASESEMITTEDFROMENERGYCONSUMPTIONACCOUNTFORMORETHAN70OFTOTALEMISSIONSINCHINAACCORDINGTOTHEINITIAL
23、NATIONALCOMMUNICATIONONCLIMATECHANGEOFTHEPEOPLESREPUBLICOFCHINA,CHINASTOTALGHGEMISSIONSIN1994WERE4,060MILLIONTONSOFCO2EQUIVALENTTO3,650MILLIONTONSNETEMISSION,OFWHICH3,070MILLIONTONSOFCO2,730MILLIONTONSOFCO2EQUIVALENTSTCO2EOFMETHANECH4AND260MILLIONTCO2EOFNITROUSOXIDESN2OARECENTPRELIMINARYESTIMATEINDI
24、CATEDTHATTHEEMISSIONVOLUMEOFN2O,CH4ANDN2OINCHINAWASAPPROXIMATELY69BILLIONTONSOFEQUIVALENTWEIGHTOFCO2,AMONGWHICH,565BILLIONTONSWASCO2,900MILLIONTONSWASCH4AND360MILLIONTONSWASN2OTHETOTALPROPORTIONOFTHEEMISSIONVOLUMEOFCO2ROSEFROM756IN1994TO819IN2005CO2EMISSIONSFROMFOSSILFUELSINCHINAACCOUNTFORABOUT18OFT
25、HEWORLDTOTALCO2EMISSIONSFROMBURNINGFOSSILFUELSINCHINAWERE473BILLIONTONSIN2004,816OFTHATINTHEUSAAND43TIMESASMUCHASININDIA,ACCOUNTINGFOR178OFTHETOTAL266BILLIONTONSWORLDWIDECO2EMISSIONSFROMBURNINGFOSSILFUELSINCHINAROSEFROM109IN1990TO178IN2004ITISESTIMATEDTHATCHINAMIGHTOVERTAKETHEUSATOBETHELARGESTCO2EMI
26、TTERINTHEWORLDIN2007CO2EMISSIONPERUNITOFPRIMARYENERGYINCHINAISRISING,ANDIS24HIGHERTHANTHEWORLDAVERAGEASCARBONCONTENTANDCOMBUSTIONEFFICIENCYVARIESGREATLYINDIFFERENTENERGYSOURCES,DIFFERENTENERGYSTRUCTURESCANBEDISTINGUISHEDINCO2EMISSIONSCO2EMITTEDPERUNITOFPRIMARYENERGYINCHINAWAS294TONSPERTONPETROLEUM,2
27、4ABOVETHEWORLDAVERAGEOF237TONSCO2/TONPETROLEUM,18HIGHERTHANINTHEUSA249TONSCO2/TONPETROLEUMAND152TIMESTHATOFINDIA193TONSCO2/TONPETROLEUMFROM1990TO2004,THEINTENSITYOFCO2EMISSIONSFROMPRIMARYENERGYCONSUMPTIONGREWBY129INCHINA,WHILEITDECLINEDBY07INTHEUSATHEDEVELOPMENTHISTORYANDTENDENCYOFALLCOUNTRIESINDICA
28、TESTHATPERCAPITACO2EMISSIONSANDPERCAPITAENERGYCONSUMPTIONARECLOSELYRELATEDTOECONOMICGROWTHATTHECURRENTTECHNICALLEVELANDINTHECONSUMPTIONMODE,REACHINGTHEDEVELOPMENTLEVELOFINDUSTRIALIZEDCOUNTRIESREQUIRESTHATTHEPERCAPITAENERGYCONSUMPTIONANDPERCAPITACO2EMISSIONREACHVERYHIGHLEVELSTHEREISNOWORLDPRECEDENTFO
29、RLOWPERCAPITAENERGYCONSUMPTIONANDCO2EMISSIONSCOMBINEDWITHHIGHPERCAPITAGDPTHEINTERNATIONALCOMMUNITYSNEGOTIATIONSONREDUCTIONANDRESTRICTIONOFGHGEMISSIONSCANNEVERBESIMPLE,ASEACHCOUNTRYISSTRIVINGFORDEVELOPMENTSPACEANDOPTIONSFORDEVELOPMENTPATHWAYSWITHITSLARGEPOPULATIONBASE,CHINASTILLFACESALONGTERMDEVELOPM
30、ENTTASKTOACCOMPLISHITSINDUSTRIALIZATIONANDURBANIZATIONASTHEECONOMYGROWS,ENERGYCONSUMPTIONANDEMISSIONSOFCO2WILLCONTINUETOGROW,SOREDUCTIONANDMITIGATIONOFGHGEMISSIONSISDRIVINGCHINATOEXPLORENEWTYPESOFPRODUCTIONANDCONSUMPTIONZHAO2006CHINAISONEOFTHEFEWREMAININGCOUNTRIESUSINGCOALASITSMAJORENERGYSOURCECOALA
31、CCOUNTEDFOR677OFPRIMARYENERGYCONSUMPTIONINCHINAIN2004,BUTONLY272GLOBALLYINTHESAMEYEARAUNITOFCOALEMITS136TIMESASMUCHCO2ASTHATEMITTEDBYPETROLEUM,AND161TIMESASMUCHASTHATEMITTEDBYNATURALGASADJUSTMENTOFTHEENERGYSTRUCTUREISRESTRAINEDTOSOMEEXTENTBYTHECOMPOSITIONOFAVAILABLEENERGYRESOURCES,ANDIMPROVEMENTOFEN
32、ERGYEFFICIENCYCONFRONTSASCARCITYOFTECHNICALANDFINANCIALRESOURCESTHUS,THE,COALFOCUSEDENERGYRESOURCESTRUCTUREANDCONSUMPTIONSTRUCTUREINCHINACANNOTCHANGEFUNDAMENTALLYINASHORTTIME,FORCINGCHINATOFACEMOREDIFFICULTIESTHANMOREDEVELOPEDCOUNTRIESINADJUSTMENTOFTHEENERGYSTRUCTUREANDREDUCTIONOFPERUNITENERGYEMISSI
33、ONSOLDENERGYPRODUCTIONMETHODSANDTECHNOLOGIESINCHINAARETHEMAINBARRIERSLEADINGTOINEFFICIENCYOFENERGYCONSUMPTIONANDHIGHEREMISSIONSOFGHGFURTHERMORE,CHINALAGSBEHINDDEVELOPEDCOUNTRIESBYABOUT1015YEARSINENERGYEXPLORATION,SUPPLYANDCONVERSION,ENERGYTRANSMISSIONANDDISTRIBUTIONTECHNIQUES,INDUSTRIALPRODUCTIONTEC
34、HNIQUESANDTERMINALUSETECHNIQUESFOROTHERENERGYSOURCESCONVENTIONALTECHNOLOGIESARETHEMAINSTAYINCHINASKEYINDUSTRIESFOREXAMPLE,PRODUCTIONOFATONOFSTEELCONSUMESBETWEEN700800KGOFSTANDARDCOALLACKOFSOPHISTICATEDTECHNOLOGYANDUSEOFMANYOUTDATEDTECHNIQUESREDUCECHINASENERGYEFFICIENCYBY10COMPAREDWITHDEVELOPEDCOUNTR
35、IESINOTHERWORDS,CHINASUNITENERGYCONSUMPTIONISABOUT40HIGHERTHANTHATOFOTHERDEVELOPEDCOUNTRIESDEALINGWITHTHECHALLENGESOFCLIMATECHANGEWILLEVENTUALLYDEPENDONDEVELOPMENTOFNEWTECHNOLOGIESCHINAISCURRENTLYCONSTRUCTINGLARGESCALEINFRASTRUCTUREFORENERGYTRANSFORMATIONANDENERGYEFFICIENTBUILDINGSFAILURETOACQUIREAD
36、VANCEDTECHNOLOGIESBENEFICIALFORREDUCTIONOFGHGWILLLEADCHINATOBEASTILLHIGHERGHGEMITTERFORSEVERALDECADES,WHICH,INTURN,WILLCREATEMORESERIOUSCHALLENGESINHANDLINGCLIMATECHANGEAFTERCHINABECAMEANETPETROLEUMIMPORTERIN1993,ITSIMPORTEDPETROLEUMHASGROWNYEARBYYEARIN2006,CHINASNETANNUALIMPORTOFPETROLEUMEXCEEDED16
37、0MILLIONTONS,ORADEPENDENCYONFOREIGNIMPORTSOFNEARLY50INADDITION,IMPORTOFNATURALGASHASALSORISENDRAMATICALLY,BUTTHISPROMOTESADJUSTMENTOFCHINASENERGYSTRUCTUREANDREDUCESEMISSIONSOFSEVERALPOLLUTANTSANDGHGCONSIDERINGCHINASHUGEENVIRONMENTALPRESSUREINENERGYPRODUCTIONANDCONSUMPTIONANDTHERAPIDGROWTHINENERGYDEM
38、AND,ADJUSTMENTOFENERGYSTRUCTUREANDINCREASEOFHIGHQUALITYENERGYIMPORTSARETWOFURTHERIMPORTANTPATHWAYSTHERAPIDGROWTHOFPETROLEUMANDCOALIMPORTEDBYCHINAWILLIMPOSEGREATCHALLENGESTOCHINASENERGYSECURITYANDALSOINCREASEPRESSUREONINTERNATIONALENERGYMARKETSCHINASDEVELOPMENTPRINCIPLESANDCONCEPTSFORALOWCARBONECONOM
39、YBYREVIEWINGTHEENVIRONMENTALPROTECTIONHISTORYOFMAJORCOUNTRIESANDANALYSINGTHEIRENERGYSTRATEGIES,ITCANBESEENTHATENVIRONMENTALPROBLEMSHAVEOCCURREDDURINGDEVELOPMENTINALLCOUNTRIESDEVELOPEDCOUNTRIESHAVEUSEDNEWLAWS,REGULATIONSANDECONOMICINSTRUMENTSTORESOLVEPROBLEMSOFDOMESTICENVIRONMENTALPOLLUTION,ECOLOGICA
40、LDESTRUCTIONANDGLOBALCLIMATECHANGEWITHINDUSTRIALIZATION,URBANISATIONANDMODERNIZATION,CHINASCONSUMPTIONOFENERGYWILLCONTINUETOGROWRAPIDLYTHEDEVELOPMENTANDUSEOFENERGYWILLHAVEANINCREASINGIMPACTONTHEECOLOGICALENVIRONMENT,COMPELLINGCHINATOFACEDUALCHALLENGESOFBOTHTRADITIONALENVIRONMENTALPROBLEMSANDCLIMATEC
41、HANGECHINAWILLACHIEVEITSSUSTAINABLEENERGYDEVELOPMENTGOALONLYIFENVIRONMENTALPROTECTIONISCENTRALTOITSSTRATEGIES,ANDIFITBUILDSCLEAN,HIGHLYEFFICIENT,ENVIRONMENTALLYFRIENDLYANDBENEFICIALENERGYSYSTEMSAPPROPRIATETOITSECONOMICDEVELOPMENTSTAGESPOLICYTOOLSNOTONLYHELPTOIMPLEMENTALOWCARBONECONOMYBUTALSOTODIVERS
42、IFYANDCOORDINATEPOLICIESCHINAHASSTIPULATEDANDIMPLEMENTEDREGULATIONSANDRULESTOPROMOTEENERGYSAVINGATVARIOUSLEVELSHOWEVER,WESHOULDPROMOTEPARTICIPATIONANDCOOPERATIONOFINTERMEDIATEPOWERS,INCLUDINGINDUSTRIALASSOCIATIONS,CONSULTANTORGANIZATIONS,INVESTMENTCOMPANIES,SCIENTIFICRESEARCHINSTITUTESANDTHEMEDIATOB
43、ETTERCOORDINATERELATIONSBETWEENSTATEOWNEDANDOTHERENTERPRISESCHINASHOULDENDEAVOURTOSENDACLEARMESSAGETOSUCHGROUPSTHROUGHTHECOORDINATIONOFPOLICYTOOLSINORDERTOHELPDECISIONMAKERSTOUNDERSTANDTHECHALLENGESANDOPPORTUNITIESTHATTHELOWCARBONECONOMYWILLBRINGPOLICIESTOPROMOTETHEDEVELOPMENTOFALOWCARBONECONOMYAREG
44、RADUALLYBEINGBROUGHTINTOCHINASNATIONALPLANNINGANDPOLICYANDSHOULDBEIMPLEMENTEDINSTAGES,TOAVOIDLARGEIMPACTSONTHEECONOMYACTIVEANDCONSCIOUSCONSIDERATIONOFLOWCARBONFACTORSINPOLLUTANTCONTROLANDREGULATIONWILLENABLEUSTORESOLVEPROBLEMSOFPOLLUTANTEMISSIONSANDACHIEVELOWCARBONECONOMICGROWTHTHEGENERALCONCEPTOFCH
45、INASLOWCARBONECONOMICDEVELOPMENTMODELISTOACCOMPLISHINDUSTRIALIZATIONBY2020ANDMODEMECONOMICDEVELOPMENTAROUND2050THEPREREQUISITEOFTHISCONCEPTISTOGUARANTEETHECONSTRUCTIONOFABETTEROFFSOCIETYTHROUGHOUTCHINATOACHIEVETHIS,WEMUSTTAKEACTIVEMEASURES,SUCHASREVISIONOFECONOMICANDSOCIALCONSUMPTIONMODELS,DEVELOPME
46、NTANDPOPULARIZATIONOFADVANCEDENERGYSAVINGTECHNOLOGIES,EXPANSIONOFRENEWABLEENERGYANDADVANCEDNUCLEARENERGYTECHNOLOGIES,OPTIMIZATIONOFENERGYSTRUCTUREBYAPPLYINGHIGHEFFICIENCY,CLEANANDLOWCARBONEMISSIONCOALTECHNOLOGIESANDHYDROGENTECHNOLOGY,COMBINEDWITHECOLOGICALENVIRONMENTALPROTECTIONTHESEMEASURESWILLACHI
47、EVETHELOWCARBONECONOMYANDGRADUALLYBUILDTHESYSTEMANDMECHANISMFORREDUCTIONOFEMISSIONSOFCO2ANDOTHERGHGJIANGANDYAO2003APPROACHESTOREALIZELOWCARBONECONOMICDEVELOPMENTFORCHINATOACHIEVELOWCARBONECONOMICDEVELOPMENTINCHINA,WESHOULDCONSIDEROURNATIONALSITUATIONANDDEVELOPOURPOTENTIALSINTERMSINTHEAREASDESCRIBEDA
48、BOVEANDTHROUGHINTERNATIONALTECHNOLOGICALANDECONOMICCOOPERATIONASACOALFOCUSEDENERGYCONSUMER,CHINASUFFERSFROMTHERESULTINGCOMPLEXENVIRONMENTALPROBLEMS,WHICHARECONSTANTLYWORSENINGCHINASECOLOGICALENVIRONMENTTOCONSTRUCTANENERGYSAVINGANDENVIRONMENTFRIENDLYSOCIETYANDREVOLUTIONISETHETRADITIONALEXTENSIVEGROWT
49、H,CHINASHOULDOPTIMIZEINDUSTRIALSTRUCTURESANDACTIVELYDEVELOPHIGHVALUEADDEDANDENVIRONMENTALLYFRIENDLYHIGHTECHINDUSTRIESANDSERVICESECTORSDURINGITSINDUSTRIALIZATIONITSHOULDBEEMPHASIZEDTHATREFORMOFTHECHEMICALINDUSTRYANDENCOURAGINGENTERPRISESTOINSTALLANDOPERATEENVIRONMENTALLYFRIENDLYANDENERGYSAVINGEQUIPMENTANDIMPROVEMANAGEMENTANDENERGYCONSUMPTIONEFFICIENCYCANLEADTOALOWCARBONECONOMYLUANDWANG2003CHINASHOULDSPEEDUPDEVELOPMENTOFWATER,NATURALGASANDRENEWABLEENERGYRESOURCESFORTHEHOME,WHILEENCOURAGINGTHESAFEDEVELOPMENTOFNUCLEARPOWERBASEDONCURRENTNATIONALCOALUSAGE,THEBASICENERGYSUPP
