中国太阳能热水器行业的现状和相关的国家标准,金太阳计划的认证和测试【外文翻译】.doc
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1、本科毕业论文外文翻译外文题目SITUATIONOFCHINASSOLARWATERHEATERINDUSTRY,RELATEDNATIONALSTANDARDS,TESTINGANDTHEGOLDENSUNCERTIFICATIONPROGRAM出处重庆大学学报(英文版)作者YANJUN,HDRUCK,HMULLERSTEINHAGEN原文ABSTRACTCHINAISTHELARGESTSOLARWATERHEATERPRODUCERANDMARKETINTHEWORLDDESPITETHEFASTGROWTHANDANINSTALLEDCAPACITYTHATACCOUNTSFORTHEM
2、AJORITYOFTHEGLOBALGROSS,CHINASPERCAPITASOLARHOTWATERCAPACITYISSTILLVERYLOW,IMPLYINGAHUGEMARGINOFMARKETPOTENTIAL;ANDTHERECOGNITIONOFTHEINDUSTRYINTHEGLOBALMARKETISHANDICAPPEDBYTHESCATTEREDSCALEOFPRODUCTIONANDINCONSISTENTPRODUCTQUALITYTOENSURECONTINUEDGROWTHOFCHINASSOLARWATERHEATINGSWHINDUSTRY,CHINESEG
3、OVERNMENTHASESTABLISHEDASERIESOFNATIONALSWHSTANDARDSTHREENATIONALTESTINGCENTERSANDACERTIFICATIONPROGRAMTOLAYTHEFOUNDATIONFORTHEDEVELOPMENTOFTHEGOLDENSUNPRODUCTLABELINGSYSTEMCHINAGENERALCERTIFICATIONCENTERCGCDEVELOPEDTHEGOLDENSUNPRODUCTCERTIFICATIONANDLABELINGSYSTEMONAPASS/FAILBASISEVALUATINGWITHESTA
4、BLISHEDCRITERIATHESYSTEMWASDESIGNEDTOHELPMANUFACTURERSACCLIMATETOEXPLICITCONSISTENTREQUIREMENTSANDTOIDENTIFYANDFIXTHEDEFICIENCIESINTHEDESIGNANDEXECUTIONOFTHEPROGRAMITSELFTIMELYREVISIONANDINTEGRATIONOFTHENATIONALSTANDARDSARCRECOMMENDEDTOACCOMMODATETHETESTPROCEDURESANDREQUIREMENTSTONEWTECHNOLOGIESANDT
5、HEEVOLVINGSWHMARKETSTRICTIMPLEMENTATIONOFTHEGOLDENSUNCERTIFICATIONANDLABELINGSYSTEMARCSUGGESTEDTOAVAILIMPROVINGTHEQUALITYCONTROLANDFORGINGINTERNATIONALLYREPUTABLEBRANDSOFCHINESESOLARWATERHEATINGPRODUCTSKEYWORDSSOLARWATERHEATERS;SOLARHEATING;RENEWABLEENERGYRESOURCES;NATIONALSTANDARDS;GOLDENSUNCERTIFI
6、CATIONPROGRAM1、INTRODUCTIONSOLARWATERHEATINGSWHISACOSTEFFECTIVE,POLLUTIONFLEETECHNIQUEFORHEATINGWATERWITHINCREASINGINTERESTINUSINGGREENENERGY,SOLARTHERMALSYSTEMSCLAIMMOREATTENTIONIN2006ROOFTOPSOLARHEATCOLLECTORSPROVIDEDHOTWATERTONEARLY50MILLIONHOUSEHOLDSWORLDWIDEEXISTINGSOLARHOTWATERHEATINGCAPACITYI
7、NCREASEDBV19TOREACH105GIGAWATTSTHERMALGWTHGLOBALLYIN2005,THETOTALAREAOFSOLARCOLLECTORSOVERTHEWORLDWAS125KM2,WITHANINCREASEOF14FROMTHEYEAR2004THECORRESPONDINGGLOBALSOLARTHERMALCAPACITYWAS88GWTHCHINAHASBOTHTHEWORLDSLARGESTPRODUCTIONANDMARKETFORSOLARWATERHEATERS,WITHANANNUALPRODUCTIONOF20KM2IN2006AND97
8、KM2CUMULATIVEINSTALLEDCAPACITYOFFLATPLATEANDA11GLASSVACUUMTUBECOLLECTORSATTHEENDOFTHEYEARPRODUCTIONWASALMOST25TIMESHIGHERTHANTHATIN200L82KM2THEPRODUCTIONIN2005OVER10GWTHWASMORETHANFIVETIMESHIGHERTHANEUROPES1ESSMAN2GWTHUPTOAPRIL2007,THEREWEREOVER3000COMPANIESTHATMANUFACTUREDANDDISTRIBUTEDSOLARWATERHE
9、ATINGPRODUCTSINCHINAWITHALLANNUALOUTPUTVALUEOF30BILLIONYUANRMBINANINDUSTRYTHATEMPLOYEDMORETHAN600000PEOPLE2、SOLARWATERHEATINGMARKETINCHINA21DEVELOPMENTTHEDEVELOPMENTOFCHINASSWHINDUSTRYSTARTEDINTHE1980SANDTHEMARKETWASINITIALLYFOCUSEDONLOWINCOMEFAMILIESINTHECOUNTRYSIDEORINSMALLTOWNSPROVIDINGLOWCOSTHOT
10、WATERFORDOMESTICUSEINPLACESWHEREELECTRICITYORFUELSWEREDEFICIENTORUNAVAILABLETHEMAINTYPESOFCHINASSOLARCOLLECTORSARETHEFLATPLATETHEVACUUMTUBEANDTHECOMBINEDSTORAGETHEVACUUMTUBETYPEISTHEMOSTPOPULAR,OVERTAKINGTHEDOMINANTPLACEOFTHEFLATPLATETYPETHATTOOKUPABOUT70OFTHEMARKETIN1996ANDISUSEDMAINLYINFROSTFREEAR
11、EASINTHESOUTHTHEMARKETFORVACUUMTUBECOLLECTORSGREWVERYQUICKLYFROMTHEYEAR1999ANDITSOONTOOKTHELEADWITHALL85SHAREIN2002THEMAINSWHAPPLICATIONISPROVIDINGDOMESTICHOTWATERABOUT90FORSINGLEHOUSEHOLDSAND10FORSCHOOLS,HOTELS,RESTAURANTSANDINDUSTRYSOLATHERMALFORDOMESTICWATERHEATINGISCONCOMITANTWITHNATURALGASANDEL
12、ECTRICITYINCITIES,ANDCOALANDTRADITIONALBIOMASSINRURALAREASDESPITEITSCOSTADVANTAGE,SWHTAKESUPANURBANMARKETSHAREFARSMALLERTHANNATURALGASBOILERSANDELECTRICWATERHEATERSALARGEMARKETMARGINAWAITSEXPLOITING22CURRENTSTATUSANDPROBLEMSDESPITETHEGLOBALLYLEADINGGROSSCAPACITY,CHINASINSTALLEDSWHCAPACITYPERCAPITAIS
13、VERYSMALLCOUNTRIESHAVINGALARGERPERCAPITAINSTALLEDSWHCAPACITYTHANCHINAINCLUDECYPRUS,ISRAEL,GREECE,AUSTRIA,ETCIN2005,CHINAHADAMARKETPENETRATIONOF6910M2PER100000POPULATIONMORETHAN10TIMESSMALLERTHANCYPRUSIMPLYINGAHUGEMARKETPOTENTIALIF25OFTHEHOUSEHOLDSINCHINAUSESOLARWATERHEATERSTHEINDUSTRYISESTIMATEDTOHA
14、VEAPOTENTIALMARKETOF270KM2GIVENTHISPOTENTIALANDBASEDONSCENARIOSFORCONTINUEDAGGRESSIVEEXPANSIONOFTHESWHMARKETTHENATIONALDEVELOPMENTANDREFORMCOMMISSIONNDRCHASESTABLISHEDTARGETSFORCUMULATIVEINSTALLEDSOLARWATERHEATINGCAPACITIESOF150KM2BY2010AND300KM2BY2020TOACHIEVETHESETARGETS,THECONTINUEDSTRONGGROWTHOF
15、THEMARKETINCHINAMUSTADDRESSSEVERALISSUESFIRSTLY1ESSTHANAHUNDREDOUTOFOVER3000SOLARWATERHEATERMANUFACTURERSINCHINAARECONSIDEREDCOMPETITIVEIN200561COMPANIESPRODUCED90OFTHESWHSYSTEMSMADEINCHINA,ALLOFTHEGLASSVACUUMTUBETYPETHERESTWEREFLATPLATESYSTEMS,MOSTLYOFTHETHERMOSIPHONTYPESECONDLY,MANYMANUFACTURERSAN
16、DDISTRIBUTORSINCHINAHAVEINCONSISTENTQUALITYCONTROLFORTHEIRSWHPRODUCTSPOORQUALITYPRODUCTSHAVENEGATIVEIMPACTONCUSTOMERSINDOMESTICANDFOREIGNMARKETSTHEEUROPEANMARKETISDOUBTFULABOUTTHEQUALITY,0FCHINESESOLARWATERHEATERSBECAUSEOFINFERIORGLASSANDPOORDESIGNATADISADVANTAGECOMPAREDTOTHEPRODUCTSOFTHELEADINGEURO
17、PESCHOTTMANUFACTURERSSCHOTTANDTERMOMAXCONSEQUENTLY,INCHINATHEREHASBEENARENEWEDEMPHASISONTHEDEVELOPMENTOFNEWSTANDARDSFORSWHSYSTEMSANDESTABLISHMENTOFANATIONALTESTINGANDCERTIFICATIONSYSTEMFORSWHPRODUCTSTHEUNITEDNATIONSDEVELOPMENTPROGRAMUNDPANDTHEGLOBALENVIRONMENTFACILITYGEFHAVECOOPERATEDWITHNDRCTOSUPPO
18、RTTHENATIONALSOLARWATERHEATINGSTANDARDS,TESTING,ANDCERTIFICATIONPROGRAMINCHINAFORINDUSTRIALPRODUCTSTHEREISALSOANEMERGINGINTERESTINDEVELOPINGBUILDINGINTEGRATEDSOLARTECHNOLOGIES,DEMONSTRATIONPROJECTS,ANDBUILDINGCODESTOGUIDETHEAPPLICATIONOFSOLARTECHNOLOGIESTHEMINISTRYOFCONSTRUCTIONMANDATESTHEIMPLEMENTA
19、TIONOFTHERENEWABLEENERGYLAW,ISSUEDINFEBRUARY2005TOENCOURAGEBUILDINGINTEGRATIONOFSWHSYSTEMSANDDEVELOPMENTOFRELATEDSTANDARDSANDBUILDINGCODES3、SOLARWATERHEATINGSTANDARDS,TESTING,ANDCERTIFICATIONPROGRAM31SOLARWATERHEATINGSTANDARDSDURINGTHEYEARSFROM2001T02003FOURNATIONALSTANDARDSFORTHESWHINDUSTRYWEREISSU
20、EDGB/TL87082002TESTMETHODSFORTHERMALPERFORMANCEOFDOMESTICSOLARWATERHEATINGSYSTEMS,GB/T187132002SOLARWATERHEATINGSYSTEMSDESIGN,INSTALLATIONANDENGINEERINGACCEPTANCE,GB/T191412003SPECIFICATIONSFORSOLARWATERHEATINGSYSTEMS,ANDGB/TL89742003INDOORTESTMETHODSFORTHETHERMALPERFORMANCEOFSOLARCOLLECTORSTHESESTA
21、NDARDSBORROWEDHEAVILYFROMINTERNATIONALORGANIZATIONFORSTANDARDIZATIONIS0ANDEUROPEANNATIONALENSTANDARDSINESTABLISHINGTHESPECIFICATIONSANDPROCEDURESFORPRODUCTTESTSOFSWHSYSTEMS,COMPONENTPERFORMANCETESTSOFFLATPLATEANDVACUUMTUBESYSTEMS,ANDACCEPTANCETESTSOFRELIABILITYBYTHEENDOF200620STANDARDSRELATEDTOSOLAR
22、WATERHEATERSHADBEENDEVELOPED,INCLUDING16NATIONALSTANDARDSAND4TRADESTANDARDSTHESESTANDARDSCOMPLETEDTHEOVERALLFRAMEWORKFORTESTINGMATCOULDSERVEASTHEBASISFORPRODUCTCERTIFICATIONINADDITIONTHEREVISIONOFFOURNATIONALSTANDARDSASSOCIATEDWITHSOLARWATERHEATERSHASBEENINPROCESSSINCEAPRIL2006THEYAREGB/T64241997SPE
23、CIFICATIONFORFLATPLATESOLARCOLLECTORS,GB/T42712000TESTMETHODSFORTHETHERMALPERFORMANCEOFFLATPLATESOLARCOLLECTORS,GB/T175811998VACUUMTUBERSOLARCOLLECTOR,ANDGB/T189742003INDOORTESTMETHODSFORTHETHERMALPERFORMANCEOFSOLARCOLLECTORTHEFOURSTANDARDSWILLBEINTEGRATEDINTOASINGLENEWONECOMPOSEDOFTHREEPARTS1TESTIN
24、GMETHODSFORTHETHERMALPERFORMANCEOFSOLARCOLLECTORS2SPECIFICATIONSFORFLATPLATESOLARCOLLECTORS。AND3SPECIFICATIONSFORVACUUMTUBESOLARCOLLECTORSTHEREVISEDNATIONALSTANDARDSAREEXPECTEDTOHAVEAMAJORINFLUENCEONTHESOLARENERGYUSEINTHECOMINGYEARS32NATIONALSOLARWATERHEATINGTESTINGCENTERSCHINESEGOVERNMENTSETUPTHREE
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