1、本科毕业论文外文翻译外文题目INDUSTRIALCLUSTERANALYSISANDTECHNOLOGYPOLICYDECISIONSINFUNCTIONALREGIONS出处GEORGEMASONUNIVERSITY作者ROGERRSTOUGHINDUSTRIALCLUSTERANALYSISANDTECHNOLOGYPOLICYDECISIONSINFUNCTIONALREGIONSROGERRSTOUGHFOCUSGROUPSANDINTERPRETATIVEANALYSISONCETHEFORMALANALYSISWASCOMPLETEDANDEXAMINEDFORCONTENTAND
2、PATTERNS,FOCUSGROUPMEETINGSWEREORGANIZEDWITHINDUSTRYREPRESENTATIVESANDLEADERSFROMTHEREGIONTHEFOCUSGROUPMEETINGSBEGANWITHPARTICIPANTSCOMPLETINGASURVEYOFCOMPETITIVESTRENGTHSANDWEAKNESSESOFTHEREGIONALECONOMYANEXAMPLEOFSURVEYRESULTSAPPEARSBELOWINTHEDISCUSSIONOFTHENORTHERNVIRGINIACASESTUDYTHESECONDPARTOF
3、THEMEETINGINVOLVEDELICITINGANDEVALUATINGIDEASABOUTFUTUREDIRECTIONSOFINVESTMENTINCLUSTERANDRELATEDINDUSTRIESAMODIFIEDNOMINALGROUPTECHNIQUEDELPETAL1977WASUSEDTOSURFACEANDOBTAINTHISINFORMATIONWEDONOTPRESENTALLOFTHERESULTSFROMTHEFOCUSGROUPMEETINGSBECAUSETHEREISINSUFFICIENTSPACEHOWEVER,ONEPARTOFTHATDISCU
4、SSIONISSHAREDTOSHOWHOWTHISPROCESSPRODUCEDINFORMATIONESSENTIALFORTHEINITIATIONOFTECHNOLOGYPOLICYATSUBSTATELEVELONEOFTHECEOSOFAMEATPROCESSINGCOMPANYTOLDTHEGROUPTHATHISCORPORATIONHADJUSTOUTSOURCEDALLOFITSLOGISTICSACQUISITIONOFINPUTSANDDELIVERYOFOUTPUTSTOTHEMARKETTOALARGEGLOBALLOGISTICSFIRMTHISRESULTEDI
5、NSTATEMENTSFROMTHREEOTHERCEOSTHATTHEIRCOMPANIESWEREINTHEMIDSTOFMAKINGTHESAMEDECISIONTHISFURTHERSOLIDIFIEDOBSERVATIONSFROMTHELOGISTICSINTEGRATIONLITERATURESTOUGH2001ANDFROMWHATWASLEARNEDINANALYSESOFOTHERVIRGINIAECONOMICREGIONSTHATLOGISTICALOUTSOURCINGWASAMAJORANDRAPIDLYEVOLVINGNEWELEMENTOFBUSINESSPRO
6、CESSINTHESTATESASINMANYOTHERPARTSOFTHECOUNTRYANDTHEWORLDYETALLOFTHEOUTSOURCINGOFTHISFUNCTIONWASTOLARGENATIONALANDINTERNATIONALLOGISTICSSERVICESPROVIDERSNONEGOESTOLOCALVIRGINIAPROVIDERSUPONINVESTIGATION,ITWASLEARNEDTHATNOSUCHCOMPANYWASHEADQUARTEREDINVIRGINIATHUS,ITWASRECOGNIZEDTHATASIGNIFICANTPARTOFT
7、HEOPERATIONSOFVIRGINIABUSINESSESWEREBEINGOUTSOURCED,IEEXPORTED,TOCOMPANIESINATLEASTOTHERPARTSOFTHEUSANDWITHITJOBSANDWEALTHARELATEDRECOMMENDATIONRESULTINGFROMTHEFOCUSGROUPMEETINGWASTHATTHESTATEOFVIRGINIANEEDEDTOEITHERCREATEAND/ORATTRACTALARGENATIONALLEVELLOGISTICSFIRMSTOTHESTATEINSHORT,IMPORTSUBSTITU
8、TIONWASVIEWEDASANOPTIONTOHELPKEEPTHELOGISTICSPARTOFBUSINESSPROCESSINVIRGINIAONANATIONALANDGLOBALLEVEL,LOGISTICSANDOUTSOURCINGOFLOGISTICSISATECHNOLOGYINTENSIVEANDPROPULSIVENEWEMERGENTINDUSTRYAND,IFSEEDEDINVIRGINIA,COULDHELPTORETAINLARGENUMBERSOFJOBSANDWEALTHTHATWEREBEINGLOSTTHROUGHLARGESCALEOUTSOURCI
9、NGOFTHESEFUNCTIONSFURTHERMORE,ITCOULD,OVERTIME,BECOMEANINDUSTRYTHATWOULDCREATENEW,HIGHQUALITYJOBSANDWEALTHCONCLUSIONSFORTHESHENANDOAHVALLEYCASESTUDYTHEGENERALPATTERNOFTHESHENANDOAHREGIONECONOMYISTHATITISSOMEWHATMOREFRAGMENTEDTHATOTHERREGIONALECONOMIESINVIRGINIATHISISSUPPORTEDBYTHEIDENTIFICATIONOFFOU
10、RCLUSTERSTHISRELATIVELYHIGHLEVELOFDEFINITIONMAYBEATTRIBUTABLETOTHESIZEANDSHAPEOFTHEREGIONTHATAPPEARSTOSUPPORTMORETHANONELABOURPOOLANDTHATINTURNHELPSDEFINETHECLUSTERSINSHORT,HISTORICALPATTERNSINFLUENCEDBYGEOGRAPHYMAYBEAMAJORFACTORS,ALLOFTHECLUSTERSEXHIBITTHESAMEPATTERN,NARREASONFORTHERELATIVELYLARGEN
11、UMBEROFINDUSTRYCLUSTERSDESPITETHISCLUSTERFRMELY,THEPRESENCEOFRELATIVELYHOMOGENEOUSPROPULSIVEINDUSTRIESANDSOMEWHATLESSDYNAMICSUPPORTINGINDUSTRIESTHESECLUSTERSHAVEWAGELEVELSABOVETHEREGIONALAVERAGEWHICHISSOMEWHATLOWCOMPAREDTOTHESTATEAVERAGEBUTBELOWSTATEWIDEINDUSTRYAVERAGESTHISPLACESTHEREGIONINACOMPETIT
12、IVEPOSITIONANDEXPLAINSWHYGROWTHISOCCURRINGTHROUGHOUTDOMINANTANDSUPPORTINGINDUSTRIESATTHESAMETIME,THEDYNAMICSINCLUDEATRENDTOOUTSOURCELOGISTICSONTHEPARTOFTHECORECLUSTERINDUSTRIESTHISPATTERNHASBEENOBSERVEDTOBEOCCURRINGINOTHERPARTSOFTHESTATEANDASWELLASNATIONALLYANDGLOBALLYGIVENTHATTHEMAJORLOGISTICSCOMPA
13、NIESWERELOCATEDOUTSIDETHESTATE,ITWASIMPORTANTTOTRYTOCREATEORATTRACTONEORMOREOFTHEMAJORCOMPANIESTOBUILDALOGISTICSSUPPORTINDUSTRYANDTOTHEREBYRETAINTHEECONOMICACTIVITIESJOB,EARNINGSANDWEALTHCREATIONTHATWEREALREADYBEINGEXPORTEDFROMTHESTATETHENORTHERNVIRGINIAREGIONALINDUSTRIALCLUSTERANALYSISINADDITIONTOB
14、EINGONEOFTHENATIONSFASTESTGROWINGREGIONSOVERTHEPASTTHREEDECADES,NORTHERNVIRGINIAHASAPOPULATIONOFNEARLY2MILLIONANDHASAMONGTHEHIGHESTFAMILYEARNINGSANDLEVELSOFEDUCATIONALATTAINMENTINTHEUSIN2001,THEAVERAGEHOUSEHOLDINCOMEWASUSD112,380ANDPERCAPITAINCOMEWASUSD43,620FURTHER,NEARLY5PERCENTOFTHEREGIONSHOUSEHO
15、LDSREGISTEREDINCOMESGREATERTHATUSD150,000FINALLY,ABOUT25PERCENTOFTHELABOURFORCEISINTECHNOLOGYINTENSIVEWORKPOSITIONSTHESEFACTSARENOTSURPRISING,ASNATIONALCAPITALREGIONSTHROUGHOUTTHEWORLDANDTHEIRCOMPONENTREGIONSSUCHASNORTHERNVIRGINIAINTHECASEOFTHEUSNATIONALCAPITALREGIONHAVELONGBEENKNOWNTODISPROPORTIONA
16、TELYATTRACTHIGHLYEDUCATEDWORKERSWHOALSOCOMMANDHIGHEARNINGSHOWEVER,THESEEARNINGSANDEDUCATIONATTRIBUTESHAVEMORERECENTLYBEENACCENTUATEDINTHEUSNATIONALCAPITALREGION,ANDPARTICULARLYINNORTHERNVIRGINIA,BYTHEGROWTHOFATECHNOLOGYSERVICESBUSINESSSECTORSTOUGH1998THATFORMSALONGWITHFEDERALCONTRACTING,THECOREOFTHE
17、REGIONSECONOMICBASETHEREGIONALSOHASASIGNIFICANTTRANSPORTATIONINFRASTRUCTUREINCLUDINGTHENEXUSOFSEVERALEXPRESSQUALITYHIGHWAYSANDAMODERNHEAVYRAILTRANSITSYSTEMTHATCONNECTSITTOTHERESTOFTHEREGIONITISALSOTHEHOMEOFGEORGEMASONUNIVERSITYWITHNEARLY30,000STUDENTSANDWITHMORETHAN11,000INGRADUATELEVELDEGREEPROGRAM
18、STHENORTHERNVIRGINIACOMMUNITYCOLLEGESYSTEMOFFERSTRAININGTONEARLY40,000STUDENTSEACHYEAR,OFWHICHANINCREASINGLYSIGNIFICANTEDUCATIONALFOCUSISTECHNICALEDUCATIONCLUSTER1THETECHNOLOGYSERVICESCLUSTERONELARGEINDUSTRIALCLUSTERDOMINATESTHENORTHERNVIRGINIAECONOMYTHISCLUSTERISSOMETIMESCALLEDTHEINFOCOMINFORMATION
19、ANDCOMMUNICATIONSCLUSTERHEREITISCALLEDTHETECHNOLOGYSERVICESCLUSTERTHETWOLARGESTANDMOSTDOMINANTINDUSTRIESINTHISCLUSTERAREHIGHENDANDTECHNOLOGYINTENSIVEBUSINESSSERVICESANDENGINEERINGANDMANAGEMENTSERVICESTHATTOGETHEREMPLOY149,740AND87,040,RESPECTIVELYATHIRDBUTSMALLERSECTORISCOMMUNICATIONSWITH23,829EMPLO
20、YEESFIG63THETOTALEMPLOYMENTOFTHISCLUSTERIS260,609ORABOUT40PERCENTOFTOTALREGIONALEMPLOYMENTWHILEPRODUCTIONFORCOMMERCIALMARKETSHASINCREASEDINTHEREGIONOVERTHEPASTDECADEORTWO,THEDOMINANTMARKETISSTILLTHEFEDERALGOVERNMENTSECTORFULLER2002ASTECHNOLOGYBECAMEAMOREIMPORTANTFACTORINTHEOVERALLECONOMY,ITSPRESENCE
21、ANDIMPACTINTHEFEDERALSECTORSIMULTANEOUSLYINCREASEDASWELLFIG63NORTHERNVIRGINIACLUSTER1COMPONENTS,EMPLOYMENT,ANDLOCATIONQUOTIENTSLQLOCATIONQUOTIENTTHETOTALCLUSTERINDUSTRYEMPLOYMENTIS260,609THETECHNOLOGYSERVICESFORMAROBUSTCLUSTERWITHANAVERAGELOCATIONQUOTIENTOF21ACROSSTHESECTORSTHATDEFINEITANDITISPROPUL
22、SIVEBUSINESSSERVICESGREWATARATEOF85PERCENTPERYEAROVERTHESTUDYPERIODSEETABLE62THEGROWTHRATEFORENGINEERINGANDMANAGEMENTSERVICESWAS53PERCENTHOWEVER,EMPLOYMENTINTHECOMMUNICATIONSSECTORCHANGEDLITTLE01PERCENTINCREASEATTHESAMETIMETHEAVERAGEWAGESINTHESESECTORSWEREFARABOVETHEREGIONALAVERAGEAT136PERCENTBUSINE
23、SSSERVICES,138PERCENTENGINEERINGANDMANAGEMENTSERVICESANDANIMPRESSIVE174PERCENTINCOMMUNICATIONSALLTHREEHAVEAVERAGEANNUALWAGESWELLABOVETHESTATEWIDEAVERAGEINSHORT,THISISONEOFTHEMOSTPOWERFULANDPROPULSIVECLUSTERSIDENTIFIEDINANYOFTHENINEVIRGINIAECONOMICREGIONSTABLE62SELECTEDSTATISTICSONINDUSTRIALSECTORSIN
24、THENORTHERNVIRGINIATECHNOLOGYSERVICESCLUSTER,1999SICCODESTANDARDINDUSTRIALCLASSIFICATIONCODE,SUMOFAVGEMPEMPLOYMENTINTHEINDUSTRY,LQLOCATIONQUOTIENT,AGEEMPLOYMENTANNUALISEDPERCENTAGECHANGE,AVGW98USDAVERAGEANNUALEARNINGSINDOLLARS,REL_W98AVERAGEEARNINGSRELATIVETOREGIONALAVERAGE,WAGETOSTATEAVERAGEEARNING
25、SRELATIVETOSTATEAVERAGEBUSINESSSERVICESTHELARGESTSECTORINBUSINESSSERVICESISCOMPUTERANDDATAPROCESSINGSERVICES82,531EMPLOYEESSEEFIG64THATGREWATARATEOFNEARLY10PERCENTPEREARANDHADALOCATIONQUOTIENTOF55,DOWNFROM77IN1992THISISTHETECHNICALINTENSIVECOREOFTHEBUSINESSSERVICESTHELARGESTSUBPARTSOFTHECOMPUTERANDD
26、ATAPROCESSINGSERVICESSECTORARECOMPUTERPROGRAMMINGSERVICES24,250EMPLOYEES,OTHERCOMPUTERSERVICES18,001EMPLOYEES,COMPUTERINTEGRATEDSYSTEMSDESIGN12,841EMPLOYEES,PREPACKAGEDSOFTWARE8,879EMPLOYEES,DATAPROCESSINGANDPREPARATION8,278ANDINFORMATIONRETRIEVALSERVICES7148ALLOFTHESEWEREGROWINGBETWEENFOURTO40PERCE
27、NTANNUALLYTHEFASTESTGROWINGISINFORMATIONRETRIEVALSERVICESALLOFTHESESECTORSHAVELARGELOCATIONQUOTIENTSWITHTHELOWESTAT25ANDTHEHIGHESTAT94INFORMATIONRETRIEVALSERVICESFIG64COMPOSITIONOFNORTHERNVIRGINIACLUSTER1EMPLOYMENT,1999THETOTALCLUSTERINDUSTRYEMPLOYMENTIS260,609FORTHEYEAR1999THESECONDLARGESTSUBPARTOF
28、THEBUSINESSSERVICESSEGMENTOFTHECLUSTERISPERSONNELSUPPLYSERVICESEMPLOYMENTAGENCIES3,349EMPLOYEESWITHALOCATIONQUOTIENTOF11ANDHELPSUPPLYSERVICES20,927EMPLOYEESANDALOCATIONQUOTIENTOF066ARETHETWOMAJORCOMPONENTSOFTHEPERSONNELSUPPLYSERVICESSECTORBOTHOFTHESEHAVEBEENGROWINGRAPIDLY119PERCENTAND138PERCENTRESPE
29、CTIVELYBUTEMPLOYMENTAGENCIESHAVEBEENMOREDYNAMICWITHANANNUALINCREASEINTHELOCATIONQUOTIENTOF158PERCENTPERYEARTHISDYNAMISMREFLECTSANEFFORTTOATTRACTANINCREASINGNUMBEROFTECHNICALWORKERSENGINEERINGANDMANAGEMENTSERVICESTHISPARTOFTHETECHNOLOGYSERVICESCLUSTERISCOMPRISEDOFMANAGEMENTANDPUBLICRELATIONS,ENGINEER
30、INGANDARCHITECTURE,ANDRESEARCHANDTESTINGSERVICESSEEFIG64THEMANAGEMENTANDPUBLICRELATIONSSECTOREMPLOYS15PERCENTOFALLEMPLOYMENTINTHECLUSTERITSEMPLOYMENTHASGROWNFROM22,890IN1992TO40,637IN1998ANAVERAGEANNUALGROWTHOFTENPERCENTWITHALOCATIONQUOTIENTOF38THISISAMUCHMOREIMPORTANTSECTORINTHEREGIONTHANNATIONALLY
31、ITSLARGESTCONSTITUENTSUBPARTSAREMANAGEMENTCONSULTINGSERVICES26,211EMPLOYEES,OTHERBUSINESSCONSULTINGSERVICES6,002,MANAGEMENTSERVICES5,296ANDFACILITIESSUPPORTSERVICES2,365ALLOFTHESESECTORSHAVELARGELOCATIONQUOTIENTSANDINCREASINGEMPLOYMENTWITHRAPIDGROWTHINTECHNICALSECTORSLIKECOMPUTERPROGRAMMINGSERVICESA
32、NDENGINEERINGSERVICES,ASWELLASGROWTHINTHETECHNICALLYINTENSEINTERNETANDECOMMERCESECTORS,MANAGEMENTASSISTANCEHASBEENINHIGHDEMANDTHEOTHERLARGECOMPONENTOFTHEENGINEERINGANDMANAGEMENTSERVICESPARTOFTHECLUSTERISENGINEERINGANDARCHITECTURALSERVICESTENPERCENTOFTOTALCLUSTEREMPLOYMENTWITH25,462EMPLOYEESUPSLIGHTL
33、YOVER25,256IN1992ANDALOCATIONQUOTIENTOF28THATISDOWNFROM41IN1992THISSECTORHASBEENDECLININGSINCETHEEARLY1990STHENEXTLARGESTSUBPARTOFTHETECHNOLOGYSERVICESCLUSTERISRESEARCHANDTESTINGSERVICESCOMMERCIALPHYSICALRESEARCHISTHELARGESTCOMPONENTINDUSTRYEMPLOYS8,110HOWEVER,EMPLOYMENTINTHISSECTORHASBEENDECLININGA
34、TARATEOF05PERCENTPERYEARANDITSLOCATIONQUOTIENTOF46ISDOWNFROMTHE1992FIGUREOF67PERCENTBESIDESTHISCOMPONENT,THERESEARCHSECTORINCLUDESOTHERTWODYNAMICPARTSONEISNONCOMMERCIALRESEARCHORGANIZATIONSWITH4,398EMPLOYEESANDTHEOTHERISCOMMERCIALNONPHYSICALRESEARCHWITH1,970EMPLOYEESTHESESECTORSHAVELOCATIONQUOTIENTS
35、OF54AND16,RESPECTIVELYANDHAVEEMPLOYMENTGROWTHHIGHERTHAN12PERCENTPERYEAR146AND125PERCENTAVERAGEANNUALGROWTHITISAPPARENTTHATTHESESECTORSEXHIBITDYNAMICBEHAVIOURTHEFACTTHATGROWTHISOCCURRINGINTHENONPHYSICALRESEARCHAREASUGGESTSTHATRESEARCHISGROWINGINAREASTHATSUPPORTTHENEWCOMMERCIALSIDEOFTHEREGIONSECONOMY,
36、NAMELYINTERNETANDECOMMERCETHISISFURTHERCONFIRMEDBYTHEPRESENCEOFALARGEBUSINESSCONSULTINGSECTORNOTELSEWHERECLASSIFIEDTHATEMPLOYS6,002ANDISGROWINGATARATEOFTENPERCENTPERYEARITALSOHASALARGEANDGROWINGLOCATIONQUOTIENT56SUCHALARGESECTORTHATISNOTELSEWHERECLASSIFIEDSUGGESTSTHATITISCOMPOSEDOFNEWINDUSTRIESINTER
37、NETANDECOMMERCERELATEDTHATAREDIFFICULTTOCLASSIFYINTHESTANDARDINDUSTRIALCLASSIFICATIONSICSYSTEMATTHATTIMEANDEVENNOWINTHENEWNORTHAMERICANINDUSTRYCLASSIFICATIONNAICSYSTEMCOMMUNICATIONSTHECOMMUNICATIONSSECTORISTHESMALLESTOFTHETHREEDOMINANTINDUSTRIESINTHETECHNOLOGYSERVICESCLUSTERFIG65ITEMPLOYS23,829ANDIS
38、COMPOSEDPRIMARILYOFALARGETELEPHONECOMMUNICATIONSECTORTHATEMPLOYS17,211NOTINCLUDINGRADIORELATEDCOMMUNICATIONITHASBEENGROWINGATABOUTONEPERCENTPERYEARANDHASALOCATIONQUOTIENTOF23THATHASBEENDECREASINGTHATEMPLOYMENTINTHISAREAHASBEENRISINGRATHERSLOWLYISSOMEWHATSURPRISINGGIVENTHATTHEREGIONCLAIMSCOMMUNICATIO
39、NSASONEOFITSCOREECONOMICBASEACTIVITIESATTHESAMETIME,MUCHORGANIZATIONALRATIONALIZATIONANDCONSOLIDATIONHASBEENOCCURRINGASSEVERALLARGEORSUPERLARGECORPORATIONSHAVEBEENCREATEDOUTOFMERGERSANDACQUISITIONSSUCHMERGERSAREOFTENACCOMPANIEDWITHWORKFORCEREDUCTIONSINPURSUITOFSCALEECONOMIESSUPPORTINDUSTRIESTHEREARE
40、NINESUPPORTINGINDUSTRIESFORTHEBUSINESS,ENGINEERINGANDMANAGEMENTSERVICESANDCOMMUNICATIONSCLUSTERASSHOWNINFIG66SEETABLE62ALSOTHESUPPORTINGINDUSTRIESHAVE129,705EMPLOYEESANDANAVERAGELOCATIONQUOTIENTOFABOUTONEFIG65COMPOSITIONOFSUPPORTINDUSTRYEMPLOYMENTINNORTHERNVIRGINIACLUSTER1,1990THETOTALCLUSTERSUPPORT
41、INDUSTRYEMPLOYMENTIS129,705FORTHEYEAR1999THENINESUPPORTINGINDUSTRYSECTORSINCLUDEELECTRONICS,NONDEPOSITORYFINANCIALINSTITUTIONS,SECURITYANDCOMMODITYBROKERS,PRINTINGANDPUBLISHING,TRUCKINGANDWAREHOUSING,SPECIALTRADECONTRACTING,REALESTATE,WHOLESALETRADEANDDURABLESANDHOLDINGANDOTHERINVESTMENTOFFICESMOSTO
42、FTHESESECTORSHAVEBEENGROWINGATARAPIDRATEAVERAGERATEOFEMPLOYMENTGROWTHISFOURPERCENTPERYEARANDHAVEWAGELEVELSWELLABOVETHEREGIONALANDSTATEINDUSTRYAVERAGES译文产业集群分析和功能区域的技术政策决策一旦形式分析已经完成,并检查其内容和模式,焦点小组的会议是由业界代表及领导人地区。焦点小组会议开始进行的一项调查显示,参赛者完成竞争对手的强项和弱项的区域经济的协调发展。在北维吉尼亚的案例研究中调查结果作为一个例子出现并讨论。会议第二部分涉及对于未来的发展方向
43、的投资在集群及相关行业赞美和评估的想法。一种用于表面和获得此信息改进的名义群体技术。我们不能代表所有的结果从聚焦小组会议,因为没有足够的空间。然而,讨论这个问题的一部分是共享显示该工艺制作而成的信息必需的技术政策开始亚州的水平。其中的一个肉类加工的集团公司的首席执行官告诉小组他的公司刚刚向一个全球物流公司外包所有的物流收购的输入输出和交付很大市场。这将导致声明中其他三个首席执行官认为,自己的公司都在其中犯同样的决定。进一步观察到的物流一体化凝固文学和从其他维吉尼亚州的分析中学习到的经济区域物流外包,在美国和许多其他国家和世界是一个主要的和快速进化的新元素的业务流程。然而所有外包的这个函数是大的
44、国家及国际物流服务提供商。没有去当地维吉尼亚州的供应商在调查,据了解,没有这样的公司总部设在维吉尼亚。因此,有证据表明,至少在美国的其他地方有很大一部份的业务外包业务的维吉尼亚州,即公司出口,随之而去的是他的工作机会和财富。而焦点团体会议的相关建议，是该州需要要么创造和/或吸引大型国家级物流企业国家的。简而言之,在弗吉尼亚进口替代被视为可以帮助保持物流业务流程的一部分的一个选项。在国家和全球层面上、物流、外包物流有限公司是一家技术密集型和推进新兴产业,如果播种在维吉尼亚州,可能有助于保持大量的工作和财富的采用大规模的外包会失去其功能的发挥。此外,它能随着时间的推移,成为一种工业,这种工业将创造
45、新的、高品质的工作和财富。仙纳度谷的案例研究的结论在弗吉尼亚州的其他地区经济仙纳度地区经济的总体格局是较为零散的。这是支持由四个组鉴定。在按地域影响这个定义比较高的水平，可能是因为大小和该地区出现，以支持多个形状和劳动力，反过来帮助定义集群。总之，历史模式可能是一个产业集群相对较多的主要原因。尽管这一组现有的相对均匀的推进产业和动态配套行业少一些。这些集群有工资水平以上地区平均水平偏低比全国平均水平,但仍低于国家广泛的行业平均水平。这使得该地区在竞争激烈的位置,并解释为什么增长正在发生在显性和配套行业。与此同时,包括一种动态物流外包部分核心群聚产业。这一模式具有被观察到其他地方发生的州和国家级
46、和整体。考虑到主要的物流公司坐落在国家,然而重要的是在建立物流支持产业要努力创造或吸引一个或多个的关键公司,从而保持经济活动职位、收入和财富的创造等已经被进出口的状态。北弗吉尼亚的区域产业集群分析在过去的30年中除了是这个国家人口增长最快的地区,北维吉尼亚的人口近2万人口,在2001年在美国其中最高的家庭收入和层次的教育程度,平均家庭收入美金及人均收入112,38043,620美金。此外,近百分之五的地区的家庭登记15万美元的收入大的多。最后,约25的劳动力在技术密集型的工作岗位。这些事实并不令人惊奇,因为全世界国家首都地区以及他们的配件区域如在北维吉尼亚的情况下,美国国家资本地区的比例长期以
47、来都被不成比例的那些受过高等教育且要求高工资的人们都认识到。然而,这些收入和教育属性有更多的最近在美国主要国家首都地区,特别是在北维吉尼亚州，技术的增长服务业务部门形态及联邦承包、核心的地区的经济基础。该地区也有明显的交通基础设施包括的连结数个表示轨道交通系统把它对其他的地区公路和一个现代的重质量,它也是乔治梅森大学的地址，有将近3万的11,000多名学生和在研究所等级的学位项目。北弗吉尼亚的社区学院系统提供的培训,每年将近四万名学生的教育领域关注的焦点是越来越重要技术教育。集群1技术服务集群北弗吉尼亚一个大的产业集群占据了经济。这一组有时被称为INFOCOM信息和通讯集聚称为技术服务集群。在
48、高端技术密集型商业服务产业和工程和管理服这两个全球最大和最有优势产业集群务分别总共使用149,740和87,040员工。第三,但较小规模的部门沟通和23,829员工图63。这个集群的总的就业是260,609或约40的总区域就业。而在这个地区商业市场的产量上升了过去十年或者二十年,主导的市场仍在联邦政府部门更充实的2002年出版。随着技术的成为更重要因素,其整体经济业务和影响力在联邦部门同时提升。图63北弗吉尼亚集群1组件、就业、以及位置商。LQ区位商。总集聚行业的就业是260,609。技术服务形式具有较强鲁棒性的聚类,平均区位商在部门21个的定义它为这是推进。商业业务在研究的时间段内每年发展8
49、5的速度见表62。工程及管理服务的增长率为百分之53。然而，在通讯业的就业变化不大（增加01个百分点）。与此同时，这些行业的平均工资远高于136（商业服务），138（工程和管理服务）和令人印象深刻的174通信百分之地区平均水平。这三个国家都远高于国家平均年工资的平均水平。总之，这是在弗吉尼亚州的九个经济区域任何可识别的最强大和推进集群之一。表62选定的工业部门的统计，在北弗吉尼亚技术服务组，1999SIC编码标准产业分类代码，总和AVGEMP在同行业中就业，区位商的LQ，年龄（）就业年度百分比变化，AVGW98（美元）的平均年收入（美元），REL_W98（）相对于平均收入地区平均水平，工资对国家的相对平均收入国家平均水平。商务服务商业服务的最大部门是计算机和数据处理服务（82531员工）（见图64。）表示，增长速度将近10个百分点,穗期55区位商在1992年下降,从77这是技术密集的核心的商业服务。最大分的计算机和数据处理服务部门的部分是计算机编程服务（24250人），其他计算机服务（18001人），计算机集成系统设计（12841人），预先包装的软件（8879名），数据处理和准备（8278）和信息检索服务（7148）。所有这些每年都四至百分之四十之间增长最快的是信息检索服务。这些部门都与最低的为25和94（信息检索服务）最高大的位置商数。图64。北弗吉尼亚的组成第
