1、1本科毕业论文外文翻译外文题目COMPETITIVENESSOFENTERPRISESBASEDONTECHNOLOGYINNOVATIONSYSTEM出处INTERNATIONALSMALLBUSINESSJOURNAL作者WANGHEPING，YANGZHANGWEI，ZHUCHUNSHENG原文COMPETITIVENESSOFENTERPRISESBASEDONTECHNOLOGYINNOVATIONSYSTEMABSTRACTTOPSISMETHODFORTHEUSEOFTECHNOLOGICALINNOVATIONONTHEIRONANDSTEELENTERPRISESTOEVAL
2、UATETHETIMEOFTHEEVALUATIONCRITERIAUSEDUNDERTHEAHPMETHOD,THEWEIGHTOFASINGLEMETHODINSTEADOFTHEUSUALWEIGHTOFTHEDELPHIMETHODTOSOLVETHISIMPROVEDTOPSISMETHODCANMAKEPROGRESSOUTSIDEOFLARGESTEELCOMPANIESCANCOMPARETHEIROWNINNOVATIONCAPACITYOFINNOVATIONTOIMPROVEANDENHANCECHINASIRONANDSTEELENTERPRISESEVALUATION
3、CAPACITYFORINNOVATIONSYSTEM,SOTHATCHINASSTEELINDUSTRYTECHNOLOGYINNOVATIONMANAGEMENTHASBEENFURTHERIMPROVEDKEYWORDSMULTIINDEXEVALUATIONSYSTEMIDEALSOLUTIONPROXIMITY1INTRODUCTIONINRECENTYEARS,AINFORMATIONFROMTHEUSSTEELCONSULTANCYWSDWORLDSTEELDYNAMICSCOMPILEANDPUBLISHTHE“GLOBALCOMPETITIVENESSRANKINGSHEET
4、STEEL,“ISINCREASINGLYTHEDOMESTICSTEELINDUSTRYANDRELATEDMEDIAATTENTION1ANALYSISANDRESEARCHTHEIRCOMPETITIVEPOINTOFEVALUATIONANDREFLECTIONONIRONANDSTEELENTERPRISESWECANSTUDYHOWTOIMPROVETHEINTERNATIONALCOMPETITIVENESSOFCHINASIRONANDSTEELENTERPRISESTHEPREPARATIONOFTHEINTERNATIONALIRONANDSTEELINWSDCOMPETI
5、TIVENESSEVALUATIONINDEXSYSTEMOF“PROGRESSIVEUSEOFTECHNOLOGYCAPABILITIES,“THEWEIGHTOFTHISINDICATORHASBECOMEMOREANDMORE,INTHISCASETHE2IRONANDSTEELENTERPRISESTECHNOLOGICALINNOVATIONCOMPETITIVENESSINDICATORSARELISTEDSEPARATELYFOREVALUATIONVERYNECESSARYTHISWILLIMPROVETHETRADITIONALTOPSISMETHODFORTHELARGES
6、TEELCOMPANIESAFTERCOMPETITIVEEVALUATIONOFTECHNOLOGICALINNOVATION,MAKINGTHESTEELINDUSTRYBOTHINTHEEVALUATIONOFOTHERCOMPANIESWITHTHESAMEINDUSTRYCANBESEENCOMPARINGTHECOMPETITIVENESSOFTHEIRENTERPRISESINTECHNOLOGICALINNOVATIONWITHINTHEWEAKNESSES,IDENTIFYDEFICIENCIESTOIMPROVEIT2PROBLEMDESCRIPTIONANDMODELAS
7、SUMPTIONS21PROBLEMDESCRIPTIONTHISARTICLEISTODISCUSSTHECOMPETITIVENESSOFLARGESTEELCOMPANIES,THEPRESENTSTUDYTHECOMPETITIVENESSOFIRONANDSTEELENTERPRISESTECHNOLOGICALINNOVATIONTHEMAINMETHODSINCLUDEAHP2,FUZZYCOMPREHENSIVEEVALUATIONMETHOD3,BPNEURALNETWORKEVALUATIONMETHOD4ANDSOON,ALTHOUGHTHEABOVEMETHODSCAN
8、COMPARETHETECHNOLOGICALINNOVATIONOFENTERPRISESCOMPETITIVENESSBETWEENOURCOMPANIES,SOTHATENTERPRISESCANNOTIMPROVETHEIRLESSTHANINTUITIVETOINCREASETHELEVELOFTECHNOLOGICALINNOVATIONTHISARTICLEISFROMTHEIRONANDSTEELENTERPRISESINTECHNOLOGYINNOVATIONEVALUATIONSYSTEMOFINDICATORSSELECTEDTOPROCEEDTHEIMPORTANTSI
9、NGLECRITERIONINTHEAHPMETHODFORTHECALCULATIONOFTHEWEIGHTAPPLIEDTOTHETOPSISMETHODTOEVALUATETHEIRONANDSTEELENTERPRISESINTECHNOLOGYINNOVATIONANDCOMPETITIVENESSOFLARGESTEELCOMPANIESCANMAKEPROGRESSWHENCOMPAREDTOEXTERNALINNOVATIONWHILEIMPROVINGTHEIRABILITYTOINNOVATE22NOTATIONSANDDEFINITIONS（1）XX1，X2，XNASET
10、CONSISTINGOFIRONANDSTEELENTERPRISESWHICHISWAITINGFORTECHNOLOGICALINNOVATIONCOMPETITIVENESS（2）UU1，U2，UMASETOFRATINGINDICATORS（3）WW1，W2，WMTAVECTOROFINDEXWEIGHTS（4）A,LUAACLOSEDINTERVALNUMBER,LA、UAR,LULULLUUABAABBABABA,LULAAAAALLUUABABAB33HOWTOESTABLISHRATINGMODEL31CLASSIFICATIONEVALUATIONWEUSEDONEYEARD
11、ATAASTHEEVALUATIONOBJECTSFORLARGEIRONANDSTEELENTERPRISETECHNOLOGYINNOVATIONINDEXBUTLARGESCALEIRONANDSTEELENTERPRISESISCHARACTERIZEDBYALONGCYCLEOFTECHNOLOGICALINNOVATION,UPDATINGINNOVATIVETECHNOLOGYISSLOWANDALOTOFRESEARCHFORMANYYEARSSOWECANHAVEACONTINUOUSTIMEPERIODSELECTEDASTHEOBJECTOFDATACOLLECTION,
12、THENWECANNORMALIZATIONOURDATAEVALUATIONWITHAVARIETYOFTYPES,INCLUDINGEFFICIENCY,COSTANDINTERVAL,INTHESETHREEPROPERTIES,THEBIGGERTHEBETTEREFFICIENCYPROPERTIES,COSTTYPEPROPERTIESASSMALLASPOSSIBLE,INTERVALISARANGEOFPROPERTYVALUESINORDERTOELIMINATETHERESULTSOFDIFFERENTDIMENSIONSOFEVALUATION,GIVESTHEFOLLO
13、WINGFORMULAFORCALCULATINGTHESTANDARDIZEDEVALUATIONMATRIX,FROMTHISFORMULAWECANTRANSFORMIJNMAAINTOANORMALIZEDMATRIXIJNMBB,1,2IIIREPRESENTTHESUBSCRIPTSETFOREFFICIENCYINDICATORSANDCOSTINDEX51212,1,2,1,2,1,IJIJLUIJIJBJNINBBBJNINNNNSNSSMREALINDICATORSSTANDARDIZEDMETHOD1221,IJIJIJNIABJIIINA1STANDARDIZEDMET
14、HODOFINTERVALNUMBERS621121/NLLUIJIJIJINUULIJIJIJIBAAJIINBAA2OR212211/1/1/1/NLULIJIJIJINULUIJIJIJIBAAJIINBAA332INNOVATIONCOMPETENCEMODELANDSOLUTION4STEP1BASEDONTHECURRENTSTATUSOFIRONANDSTEELENTERPRISESTECHNOLOGICALINNOVATION,INNOVATIONANDCOMPETITIVENESSEVALUATIONSELECT4,RESPECTIVELY1RATIOOFRACCORDING
15、LYTHEENTERPRISECANBEDRAWNBETWEENEACHINDEXANDTHERELATIVEIMPORTANCEOFRELATIONSHIPS2SOLVETHERELATIVEWEIGHTVECTORBETWEENEACHINDICATORANDTHECONSISTENCYTESTW（W1，W2，WM）TSTEP3NORMALIZETHEMULTIATTRIBUTEEVALUATIONMATRIXIJNMBBANDFINDTHEWEIGHTEDMATRIXIJNMRR71111111111MMMNNMMNMMRRBWBWRRRBWBW4STEP4DETERMINETHEMAX
16、IMUMEVALUATIONVALUEOFTHEMATRIXXANDTHEMINIMUMEVALUATIONVALUEOFTHEMATRIXX1FORREALINDICATORS1MAXJIJINVR,1MINJIJINVR,1JN2FORINTERVALINDICATOR211MAX,MAXLUJIJJIJININTRTRJN211MN,MINLUJIJJIJININKRKRJNSOWECANFINDTHEMAXIMUMEVALUATIONVALUEOFTHEMATRIX111,SSSMMXVVTTTT5THEMINIMUMEVALUATIONVALUEOFTHEMATRIX111,SSSM
17、MXVVKKKKSTEP5CALCULATETHEEVALUATIONVALUEOFDIFFERENTENTERPRISESTOTHEMAXIMUMEVALUATIONVALUEVECTORDISTANCEANDAVERAGEDISTANCETOAMINIMUM822212,IIIIIMDDXXDDD,12,JIJIJLUIJJIJJVRJNINDRTRTJNIN522212,IIIIIMDDXXDDD,12,IJJIJLUIJJIJJRVJNINDRKRKJNIN6STEP6FINDTHEMEANVECTOROFTHEENTERPRISEVALUEEVALUATIONVECTORWITHTH
18、ELARGESTRELATIVECLOSENESSANDDRAWCONCLUSIONS,IIIIDMINDD7WECANEVALUATETHEINNOVATIONANDCOMPETITIVENESSBETWEENTHESEENTERPRISESWHICHWEUSED,THENOBTAINEDACCORDINGTOTHESTARTOFTHEEVALUATIONINDEXOFTHERELATIVEWEIGHTBYTHERELATIVEEVALUATIONINDEXWEIGHTS4NUMERICALEXAMPLESONTHE“GLOBALCOMPETITIVENESSRANKINGOFSTEELSH
19、EET“,THESHORTLISTED23GLOBALSTEELPRICESANDSTRONGDOMESTICSTEELCOMPANIES,INCLUDINGBAOSTEEL,ANSHANIRONANDSTEEL,MAANSHANSTEEL,WUHANSTEELANDSHASTEEL1,SOINTHISARTICLEWESELECTTHESEFIVESTEELCOMPANIESTOCARRYOUTTECHNOLOGICALINNOVATIONCOMPETITIVENESSANALYSISTHISARTICLEWILLLINKTHE3YEAREVALUATIONOFTHEDATABECAUSEO
20、FTHELONGTERMTECHNOLOGICALINNOVATIONINLARGEIRONANDSTEELENTERPRISES20072009INNOVATIONOFTHESTEELINDUSTRYCOMPETITIVENESSINDEXDATA,ASSHOWNINTABLE1TABLE1STEELTECHNOLOGICALINNOVATIONCOMPETITIVENESSINDEXINWSDCOMPANYNAMEINDEXRBECAUSEOFPATENTAPPLICATIONSMAYNOTBECOMPLETEDWITHINONEYEAR,WESHOULDDEALITASAINTERVAL
21、DATAAFTERFINISHINGTHEEVALUATIONINDEXDATASHOWNINTABLE2TABLE2THEEVALUATIONDATAAFTERSYNTHESIZEDCOMPANYNAMEINDEXRIJIJIJNIABJIIINA1标准化的方法区间数621121/NLLUIJIJIJINUULIJIJIJIBAAJIINBAA212OR212211/1/1/1/NLULIJIJIJINULUIJIJIJIBAAJIINBAA332创新能力模型和解决方案步骤1在钢铁企业技术创新的现状基础上，创新和竞争力评价有4种，分别为1研发资金的比值进行研究的评价指标和开发的成本/指数评价
22、的销售。2研发人员的比例研发人员的数量/总员工数量。3新产品的价值比例新产品销售量/公司销售收入。4专利的数量。步骤2使用相对权重的计算方法，运用层次分析法AHP的单准则计算各指标之间的重量。（1）构建比较矩阵111212122212NNNNNNHHHHHHHHHH在这个矩阵中IJH表示对另一个重要指标的影响程度，在矩阵H中，IJH是由专家给出的，因此企业可以区分各指标中相对重要性的关系。（2）解决相对权重向量之间每个指标和一致性的测试W（W1，W2，WM）T。步骤3规范多属性评价矩阵IJNMBB找加权矩阵IJNMRR71111111111MMMNNMMNMMRRBWBWRRRBWBW4步骤4
23、确定矩阵的最大评价指标X和矩阵的最小评价指标X。（1）真实指标1MAXJIJINVR，1MINJIJINVR，1JN。（2）区间指标211MAX,MAXLUJIJJIJININTRTRJN211MIN,MINLUJIJJIJININKRKRJN。因此，我们能找到矩阵评价指标的最大值111,SSSMMXVVTTTT矩阵评估指标的最小值13111,SSSMMXVVKKKK步骤5计算不同企业的评估价值的最大值，到最小值的平均距离矢量822212,IIIIIMDDXXDDD，12,JIJIJLUIJJIJJVRJNINDRTRTJNIN522212,IIIIIMDDXXDDD，12,IJJIJLUIJ
24、JIJJRVJNINDRKRKJNIN6步骤6找到最接近企业价值评估向量的平均向量，并从中得出结论,IIIIDMINDD7我们可以评估在使用过这些指标体系后的企业的创新力和竞争力，然后根据相对权重指标对原来的指标进行定论。4数据案例在“全球钢板竞争力排名”中，有23家全球钢铁公司和实力强劲的国内公司，包括宝钢、鞍山钢铁、马鞍山钢铁、武汉钢铁和沙钢1，因此在这篇文章中我们选择这五个钢铁企业进行技术创新竞争力分析。本文将结合3年的评价数据作为大型钢铁企业技术创新的长期数据。20072009年钢铁行业创新竞争力指标数据，如表1。表1WSD上的钢铁技术创新竞争力指数公司名称指标研发比率研发人员比率新产
25、品价值比率专利数量宝钢2007373211232745320085342342445859200959829125621030鞍山钢铁200736813716231652008479145174338720094921581799733马鞍山钢铁2007243097152360200827810215341341420093211211665216武汉钢铁200726312416242022008341131167632920093851751731476沙钢20071971321312452008236140133413720093321631353213我们应该把单个数据转化成连续的数据。
26、正如研发比率、研发人员的比率、新产品的价值率都是单独的数据，我们用一般平均法转化这些数据；因为专利申请不可能在一年内完成，我们必须把它作为一种区间数据来处理。完成后的评估指标数据显示在表2。表2转化后的评价数据公司名称指标研发比率研发人员比率新产品价值比率专利数量宝钢5022452445453，1030鞍山钢铁4461471722165，733马鞍山钢铁281107157460，216武汉钢铁3301431677202，476沙钢255145133345，213构建比较矩阵131/531/311/245211/51/31/451H，在每个指标和一致性检验中解决相对权重向量、W025，018，0
27、35，022T并检查数据。从这个指标中我们得到大型钢铁企业技术创新中哪个更重要。我们能发现新产品价值比率、研发比率、专利数量和新产品的价值比率从高到低的排名情况。因此，企业应尽可能努力地加强新产品的生产，通过企业的技术创新不断地提高企业竞争力。根据表2，构建技术创新竞争力评价矩阵155022452445453,10304461471722165,733281107157460,216202,476330143167745,2132551451333A，应用公式1和公式2的正常的评价矩阵能得到05983066790611103272,1950105316040080430301192,13882
28、03349029170393400435,0409001459,0901403933038990419100325,04034030390395303331B从规范性评价矩阵B，我们发现加权评价矩阵R01496012020213900720,0429001329007210150600262,0305400837005250137700096,0090000321,0198300983007020146700072,00887007600071201166R根据上述公式矩阵最大评价值X和最小评价值X、价值评价指标向量的最大值和最小值可定义为01496,01202,02139,00720,042
29、90X00760,00525,01166,00072,00887X根据公式1和公式2我们可以得到评价指标向量的最大值和最小值10D，201879D，304127D，402878D，504259D104285D，202456D，300327D，401407D，500187D根据公式7，我们能获得指标向量和最大评价值向量的相对接近性11M，205666M，300734M，403283M，500421M最后，我们能得出五大大型钢铁企业技术创新的竞争力从强到弱是宝钢、鞍钢、武汉钢铁、马鞍山钢铁和沙钢。5结论WSD（世界钢铁动态）增加了“全球钢铁产业竞争力分类表”中技术创新竞争力的比率。在本文中，我们提
30、出了一个独立的钢铁企业方面的技术创新竞争力评价的方法。这个方法允许钢铁企业的评价不仅有利于企业探求钢铁企业之间的16鸿沟也允许企业得到他们自己创新体系的内部创新指标。通过以上钢铁公司的评估，能使他们自己为未来的技术创新计划做好良好的定位。参考文献1钢铁资本学院从WSD世界钢铁工业竞争力评价看国内钢铁工业如何提高国际竞争力J冶金管理11200520242SONGZEHAI，LIUDACHENG，LUOWUWEI钢铁工业区间层次分析法AHP的投资决策J工业工程86200567703PANJCH，YANGJS一项研究可控的整合库存的交货时间J生产国际402002126312734XIAOCHUN，X
31、UWEIPING，ZHANGYI钢铁企业综合技术经济指标神经网络的评价模型J南部金属42008145XIAYONGQI，WUQIZONG混合多属性决策问题的排序方法TOPSISJ系统工程19620046306346YINGMINGWANG，TAHAMSELHAG基于模糊理想解的排序方法TOPSIS水平集与应用到风险评估上J专家系统与应用3120063093197TINGYUCHEN，CHUEHYUNGTSAO区间值模糊的理想解的排序方法TOPSIS和实验分析J模糊集和系统1592008141014288HSUSHIHSHIH，HUANJYHSHYUR，ESTANLEYLEE团队逼近的延伸决策J数学和计算机模拟4520078018139HSBYUN，KHLEE快速成形的决策支持系统的选择工艺摘要，采用改进的排序方法TOPSISJ国际先进制造技术26111220051338134710HSSHIH，CHWANG，ESLEE一个多属性群体决策支持系统需要解决的问题J数学和计算机模拟391112200413971412
