1、本科毕业论文外文翻译出处ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENTSTRATEGIESUNDERSTANDINGREGIONALMETABOLISMFORASUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENTOFURBANSYSTEMSPETERBACCINICITIESARETHEMOSTCOMPLEXFORMSOFSETTLEMENTSWHICHMANHASBUILTINTHECOURSEOFHISCULTURALDEVELOPMENTTHEURBANARCHITECTUREREFLECTSTHESOCIOPOLITICALCHARACTEROFACITYANDTHECULTURAL,ECON
2、OMICANDTECHNOLOGICALSTATUSOFITSINHABITANTSTHEIRMETABOLISMISCONNECTEDWITHTHEWORLDECONOMYANDISRUNMAINLYBYFOSSILENERGYCARRIERSUPTONOWTHEREARENOVALIDATEDMODELSFORTHEEVALUATIONOFASUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENTOFURBANREGIONSTHEGUIDELINESFORA“SUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENT“IUCN1980ANDWCED1987SUGGESTTHEREDUCTIONOFRESOURCEC
3、ONSUMPTIONPERCAPITATOSECURETHENEEDSOFFUTUREGENERATIONSWITHAGLOBALPOPULATIONOFABOUT810BILLIONSLOOKINGATTHEPRESENTDISTRIBUTIONOFANNUALENERGYCONSUMPTIONAGLOBALSCALE,THEINDUSTRIALCOUNTRIESWITHTHEIRURBANSETTLEMENTSARERESPONSIBLEFOR7080OFTHETOTALFORURBANSYSTEMSOFTHEDEVELOPEDWORLD,THEFOLLOWINGQUESTIONARISE
4、SHOWCANTHEYTRANSFORMTHE“SUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENTCONCEPT“FROMAGLOBALTOAREGIONALSCALESOMEANSWERSTOTHISQUESTIONAREBASEDONMETABOLICSTUDIESOFDENSELYPOPULATEDREGIONSINDEVELOPEDCOUNTRIESTHECONCEPTOFSUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENTANDITSAPPLICATIONONAREGIONALLEVELTHREECASESTUDIESILLUSTRATEMETHODSOFTRANSFORMINGTHECONCEP
5、TOF“SUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENT“FORAREGIONALLEVEL1WASTEMANAGEMENTINTHEWASTEMANAGEMENTOFURBANSETTLEMENTSTHE“WEAKESTPART“OFTHESYSTEMISTHEPROCESS“DEPOSITIONOFSOLIDRESIDUES“DURINGTHEJUSTDECADES,ENVIRONMENTALPROTECTIONMEASURESHAVESETTHEIRPRIORITIESINTHECLEANINGOFWASTEWATERSANDOFFGASESFORTHEDEPOSITIONOFSOLIDRE
6、SIDUES,THREEMAINSTRATEGIESAREKNOWNBACANI19891THECONTAINMENTSTRATEGY,INWHICHADENSEENVELOPEISCONSTRUCTEDTOPREVENTINTERACTIONSOFWASTESWITHTHEENVIRONMENTTHEALTERNATIVESARESPECIFICGEOLOGICALFORMATIONSINTHEL/ATMOSPHERESINCETHECONTENTISNOTCHANGEDINITSPHYSICALANDCHEMICALPROPERTIESDURINGSTORAGE,THEHAZARDOUSP
7、OTENTIALREMAINSFUTUREGENERATIONSHAVECONTROLTHEFUNCTIONINGOFTHEENVELOPEUPTONOWTHISSTRATEGYWASRESTRICTEDTOSPECIFICFRACTIONSOFHAZARDOUSWASTES2THECONTROLLEDREACTORSTRATEGY,INWHICHABIOCHEMICALPROCESSISRUNWITHWASTESREACTINGWITHWATER,AIRAND,INTHEPRESENCEOFORGANICMATERIALS,WITHMICROORGANISMSFROMFIELDEXPERIM
8、ENTSANDGEOCHEMICALMODELINGITISKNOWNTHATSUCHREACTORSRUNFORSEVERALHUNDREDYEARSUNTILEMISSIONSAREREACHEDWHICHARECOMPATIBLEWITHTHEENVIRONMENTBELEVIANDBACCINI1989ASWITHSTRATEGYL,FUTUREGENERATIONSHAVETOHANDLETHEWASTESOFTHEIRANCESTORSATPRESENTTHISSTRATEGYDOMINATESINTHEDEVELOPEDCOUNTRIES3THEFINALSTORAGESTRAT
9、EGY,INWHICHALLSOLIDWASTESWHICHCANNOTBEREUSEDARETREATEDTOYIELDONLYEARTHCRUSTSSUCHASSTONES,ORESANDSOILSBACCINIETAL1991EACHGENERATIONTRANSFORMSITSWASTECOMPLETELY,TECHNICALLYANDECONOMICALLYTHISISONECONSEQUENTAPPLICATIONSOFTHESUSTAINABILITYCONCEPTFORSUCHASTRATEGY,THERMALCEREMENTPROCESSESAREINDISPENSABLEO
10、NLYFEWREGIONSCANFOLLOWSUCHASTRATEGYSWITZERLANDSTARTEDWITHTHISTHIRDSTRATEGYIN1986THEINTERMEDIATERESULTS1995AREASFOLLOWSDUETOMORESOPHISTICATEDTHERMALTREATMENTPLANTSTHECOSTSFORMIXEDSOLIDWASTESHAVEMORETHANDOUBLEDANDARENOWINTHERANGEOF300400USDPERTONETHEMIXEDSOLIDWASTEFLUXESWEREREDUCEDBY30AVERAGEVALUE,FRO
11、M360400T0240T0360KG/CAPITAYEARANDARESTILLINTHEPROCESSOFREDUCTIONSEPARATECOLLECTIONHASSTRONGLYINCREASEDTHEMAINRESOURCEFLUXESFROMPRIVATEHOUSEHOLDSBIOMASSPLASTICS,METALS,GLASS,PAPERFOLLOWTHISPATHINTORECYCLINGBACCINIETAL1993INDUSTRYANDTRADEHAVEINSTALLEDNEWEQUIPMENTANDTECHNICALPROCESSESTOREUSEGOODSFROMSE
12、PARATECOLLECTIONTHEFEDERALGOVERNMENTDECIDEDTOCEASEREACTORLANDFILLINGDEFINITELYBYTHEYEAR2000THEAVERAGECOSTSPERCAPITAANDYEARAMOUNTT0100200USD,WHICHCORRESPONDSTOABOUT0,4PERCENTOFCHEAVERAGENETINCOMEPERCAPITAANDYEARTHEMATERIALFRACTIONSTOBEDEPOSITEDARESUMMARIZEDINTABLELTHEINPUTISANORDEROFMAGNITUDEHIGHERTH
13、ANTHEOUTPUT“LANDFILLING“ISNOTAQUANTITATIVEBUTAQUALITYPROBLEMMOSTACTUALRESIDUESFROMTHERMALTREATMENTSDONOTHAVEA“FINALSTORAGEQUALITY“YETHOWEVER,THISISAMINORPROBLEMANDCANBESOLVEDWITHREASONABLEECONOMICEFFORTSWASTEMANAGEMENTASASUBSYSTEMINTHEREGIONALMATERIALMANAGEMENTOFDENSELYPOPULATEDANDDEVELOPEDREGIONSCA
14、NBETRANSFORMEDWITHIN10T015YEARSTOA“SUSTAINABLESTATUS“2AGRONOMYANDFORESTRYINTHESWISSLOWLANDS,THEAGRICULTURALLANDCOVERSABOUT55ANDTHEFORESTSABOUT33OFTHETOTALAREATHEURBANSYSTEMOFABOUT12ISLIKEANETWORKEMBRACINGTHEPATCHESOFBIOMASSPRODUCTIONAGRONOMYANDFORESTRYUSELESSTHAN5OFTHETOTALLABORACTIVITYANDPRODUCELES
15、STHAN5OFTHEGNPTHETWOECONOMICBRANCHESARESUBSIDIZEDBYABOUT1000USDPERCAPITAANDYEARTOKEEPTHEIRLIVINGSTANDARDDUETOECONOMICALREASONS,FORESTSCANNOTBEFULLYHARVESTEDYIELDABOUT75INSOMEAGRICULTURALBRANCHESCROPS,MILKTHEREISOVERPRODUCTIONTHEEMISSIONSFROMAGRICULTURETOAIRANDWATERMAINLYNITROGENANDPHOSPHOROUSREDUCET
16、HEIRQUALITYSIGNIFICANTLYAGRICULTURALSOILSAREECOLOGICALLYENDANGEREDTHECARBONMETABOLISMISAGOODEXAMPLETOANALYZETHEMAINCHARACTERISTICSOFBIOMASSMANAGEMENTFORTHESYSTEMCHOSEN,THEFLUXESANDCARBONCONCENTRATIONSOFEACHCOMMODITYARETAKENFROMVARIOUSSTUDIESALREADYPUBLISHEDMULLERETAL1995THECORRESPONDINGCARBONFLUXESA
17、NDTHEERRORPROPAGATIONARECALCULATEDWITHSIMBOXBACCINIANDBADER1996INFIG2THEFIVEPROCESSESWITHINTHEANTHROPSPHEREFOODPROCESSING,INDUSTRYANDTRADE,ENERGYTRANSFORMATION,CONSUMPTIONINSETTLEMENTS,WASTEMANAGEMENTARECOMBINEDASONESINGLEPROCESS“OPERATIONOFSETTLEMENTAREAS“THISPROCESSISRESPONSIBLEFORTHEPREDOMINANTCA
18、RBONFLUXTHEINPUTRESULTSMAINLY90FROMIMPORTEDFOSSILFUELSAPPROXIMATELY60OFTHEDEMANDFORFOODISCOVEREDBYTHEREGIONALAGRICULTURETHERESTHASTOBEIMPORTEDTHECARBONTURNOVEROFTHEPROCESS“AGRICULTURE“IS3T04UNITSHIGHERTHANTHEONEOF“FORESTRY“THEIRCOMBINEDNETCONTRIBUTIONTOTHETARGETPROCESS“OPERATIONOFTHESETTLEMENTAREA“I
19、SONLYABOUT10OFTHETOTALTHELARGESTSTOCKSAREFOUNDINTHESOILSOFTHELATTERTWOPROCESSESHOWEVER,THECONCENTRATIONOFTHEORGANICCARBONINSOILSISRELATIVELYLOWAFEWPERCENTTHEMOSTCONCENTRATEDFORMSAREINTHEFORESTTREESANDINTHEWOODENPARTS30FBUILDINGSBOTHAREINTHESAMEORDEROFMAGNITUDE103KG/CAPITAPRESENTURBANSYSTEMSOFTHISTYP
20、ETHUSDEPENDMAINLYONEXTERNALORGANICCARBONSOURCESTORUNTHEIRMETABOLISM3BUILDINGSANDTRANSPORTATIONNETWORKSTHEMETABOLISMOFTHEURBANSETTLEMENTAREANEEDSTHEFOLLOWINGMASSGOODSSEEALSOFIG1WATER,BIOMASS,CONSTRUCTIONMATERIALSANDENERGYCARRIERSASAFIRSTWORKINGHYPOTHESIS,THEFOLLOWINGTWOCRITERIAARECHOSENTOEXAMINETHEPO
21、TENTIALFORASUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENTOFTHEREGION1THEMETABOLISMOFANURBANSYSTEMIS“SUSTAINABLE“,IFTHEDEMANDFORESSENTIAL“MASSGOODS“SUCHASWATER,BIOMASS,CONSTRUCTIONMATERIALSEGSTONESANDENERGYCARRIERSCANBESATISFIEDAUTOCHTHONOUSBY80INTHELONGTERMTHEDEGREEOFSELFSUFFICIENCY,ARBITRARILYCHOSENWITHRESPECTTOASETOFESSE
22、NTIALGOODS,DETERMINESTHEECOLOGICALLYDEFINEDBORDEROFTHEURBANSYSTEM2THERESTCANBECOVEREDFROMTHE“EXTERNALMARKET“INSUCHAWAYTHATTHEGLOBALRESOURCECAPITALSARENOTREDUCEDSIGNIFICANTLYTHEMEANFLUXESOFAVAILABLEGOODSPERCAPITAFROMTHEEXTERNALMARKETAREDETERMINEDBYTHEANNUALGROWTHRATEOFTHE“GLOBALHINTERLAND“,DIVIDEDBYT
23、HEWORLDPOPULATION,AFIRSTANALYSISOFASWISSLOWLANDREGIONLEADSTOTHEFOLLOWINGRESULTSOSWALDANDBACARDI1996WATERTHEREGIONISSELFSUFFICIENTWITHRESPECTTOTHEQUANTITYNEEDEDGROUNDWATERHOWEVER,THEQUALITYISCONSTANTLYDECREASING,MOSTLYDUETOAGRICULTURALEMISSIONS,IETHEWATERHOUSEHOLDISNOTSUSTAINABLEBIOMASSTHEACTIVITY“TO
24、NOURISH“CANBESUPPORTEDAUTOCHTHONOUSBY60WITHALOWMEATDIET10KGMEATINSTEADOF80PERCAPITAANDYEAR,THEREGIONCOULDBECOME“SUSTAINABLE“IFTHEEMISSIONSTOAIRANDWATERAREREDUCEDSIMULTANEOUSLY,THEFORESTRYCOULDTHEORETICALLYCOVERTHEREGIONALDEMANDFORWOODENPRODUCTSTIMBER,PULP,BUTISPRESENTLYNOTECONOMICALLYCOMPETITIVECONS
25、TRUCTIONMATERIALSTHEREGIONISSELFSUFFICIENTWITHRESPECTTOGRAVELANDSAND,BUTWILLEXHAUSTTHESTOCKSWITHINTHENEXT30YEARS,ASSUMINGTHESAMERATEOFEXPLOITATIONTHEORETICALLY,THEREAREALTERNATIVESINTHELITHOSPHEREHOWEVER,THEIREXPLOITATIONWILLNEEDMOREENERGYENERGYCARRIERSMORETHAN90OFTHEENERGYRESULTFROMEXTERNALRESOURCE
26、SABOUT80OFTHEENERGYFLOWINTO“BUILDINGMAINTENANCE“ANDTRANSPORTATIONITFOLLOWSTHATATRANSFORMATIONTOA“SUSTAINABLESTATUS“ISONLYPOSSIBLEBYARECONSTRUCTIONOFTHEURBANSYSTEM,IEBUILDINGSANDTHETRANSPORTATIONNETWORKTHEMASSGOODENERGYANDTHEEXISTING“ARCHITECTURE“ARETHEKEYFACTORSTHERATEDETERMININGSTEPINACHIEVINGSUCHA
27、STATUSISTHECHANGEINTHEFABRICOFBUILDINGSANDINTHETYPEOFTRANSPORTATIONNETWORKSTHECAPITALINVESTEDINTHE“CONSTRUCTION“FIG1AMOUNTST0300000USDPERCAPITATHEANNUALEXPENDITURESFORTHEIRMETABOLISMAMOUNTTO10000USDPERCAPITA,THATISINTHESAMEORDEROFMAGNITUDEASTHEAVERAGEANNUALNETINCOMETHERECONSTRUCTIONOFANURBANSYSTEMNE
28、EDS,DUETOECONOMICREASONS,ATIMEPERIODOFROWGENERATIONSORABOUT60YEARSASSUMINGANANNUALLYCHANGER,FL20AOFTHESTOCKCITIESARETHEMOSTCOMPLEXFORMSOFSETTLEMENTSWHICHMANHASBUILTINTHECOURSEOFHISCULTURALDEVELOPMENTTHEURBANARCHITECTUREREFLECTSTHESOCIOPOLITICALCHARACTEROFACITYANDTHECULTURAL,ECONOMICANDTECHNOLOGICALS
29、TATUSOFITSINHABITANTSTHEIRMETABOLISMISCONNECTEDWITHTHEWORLDECONOMYANDISRUNMAINLYBYFOSSILENERGYCARRIERSUPTONOWTHEREARENOVALIDATEDMODELSFORTHEEVALUATIONOFASUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENTOFURBANREGIONSTHEGUIDELINESFORA“SUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENT“IUCN1980ANDWCED1987SUGGESTTHEREDUCTIONOFRESOURCECONSUMPTIONPERCAPITATO
30、SECURETHENEEDSOFFUTUREGENERATIONSWITHAGLOBALPOPULATIONOFABOUT810BILLIONSLOOKINGATTHEPRESENTDISTRIBUTIONOFANNUALENERGYCONSUMPTIONONAGLOBALSCALE,THEINDUSTRIALCOUNTRIESWITHTHEIRURBANSETTLEMENTSARERESPONSIBLEFOR7080OFTHETOTALFORURBANSYSTEMSOFTHEDEVELOPEDWORLD,THEFOLLOWINGQUESTIONARISESHOWCANTHEYTRANSFOR
31、MTHE“SUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENTCONCEPT“FROMAGLOBALTOAREGIONALSCALESOMEANSWERSTOTHISQUESTIONAREBASEDONMETABOLICSTUDIESOFDENSELYPOPULATEDREGIONSINDEVELOPEDCOUNTRIESTHEGUIDELINESFORA“SUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENT“SUGGESTTHEREDUCTIONOFRESOURCECONSUMPTIONTHEARTICLEISCONCERNEDWITHTHEPROBLEMOFHOWTHE“SUSTAINABLEDEVELO
32、PMENTCONCEPT“CANBETRANSFORMEDFROMAGLOBALTOAREGIONALSCALEINURBANSETTLEMENTSTHESTRATEGYOFFINALSTORAGESHOULDBEAPPLIEDBYTHIS,THESUBSYSTEMWASTEMANAGEMENTCANBETRANSFORMEDWITHIN10TO15YEARSTOA“SUSTAINABLESTATUS“WITHREGARDTOTHESYSTEM“AGRONOMY“,THEARTICLECONCLUDESTHATAGRICULTUREINURBANSYSTEMSSHOULDFOCUSONFOOD
33、PRODUCTIONINSTEADOFPROMOTINGREDUCTIONOFFOODPRODUCTIONINFAVOROFENERGYPLANTS,WHICHISNOTASUITABLESTRATEGYTHEMAINPROBLEMSARETHEENERGYCARRIERSTRANSFORMATIONTOA“SUSTAINABLESTATUS“ISONLYPOSSIBLEBYARECONSTRUCTIONOFTHEURBANSYSTEM,IEOFBUILDINGSANDTHETRANSPORTATIONNETWORKTHERATEDETERMININGSTEPINACHIEVINGSUCHAS
34、TATUSISTHECHANGEINTHEFABRICOFBUILDINGSANDINTHETYPEOFTRANSPORTATIONNETWORKSTHERECONSTRUCTIONOFANURBANSYSTEMNEEDS,MAINLYFORECONOMICALREASONS,ATIMEPERIODOFTWOGENERATIONS译文了解区域“代谢”可持续发展城市系统城市是定居点内最复杂的形式,人类已经建立文化发展历程。城市建筑,反映了社会经济的政治品格和城市的文化、经济和技术状况。他们的“新陈代谢”和世界经济和运行主要是靠化石能源为载体。截至目前的评价没有验证模型可以评价一个城市的可持续发展
35、,“可持续发展”(1980世界自然保护联盟WCED1987)建议减少资源消耗人均确保子孙后代的需要与全球人口的约8到10亿美元。展望每年全球的能源消费结构,工业国家的城市住区要负7080的责任。但如何才能改变渔业“可持续发展的全球概念”,在一个区域范围内对这个问题的答案有些是基于在发达国家和地区的代谢研究(布伦纳的BACCINI和1991年的BACCINI和贝德1996年)下面用三个事例来说明改造方法概念的“可持续发展”的区域一级。一废物管理在城市住区的废物管理的“最弱部分”的系统是一个过程,“固体沉淀残余”。在过去的几十年,环保措施已定在清洁的优先事项废水和关闭气体。对于固体沉积残留物,有已
36、知的三种战略(1989年的BACCINI)(一)遏制战略,即用“密集的信封”构建一个防止废弃物的相互作用的环境。特定的地质替代品编队中的岩石圈,由于内容不再改变或储存其物理和化学性质,所以,潜在的危险依然存在,后代人要控制“信封”运作。但是,现在这个战略是仅限于特定部位的危险废物。(二)反应堆的控制策略,其中生化的运行过程是与水,空气和废物,还有在有机材料存在的微生物之间的反应。从现场实验和地球化学模拟可以看出,这种反应堆运行了数百年,年排放量会直至达到其兼容与环境(BELEVI和的BACCINI1989年)。正如策略1,后人要处理他们祖先的废物。目前该战略在发达国家占主导地位。(三)最终的存
37、储策略,所有的固体废物都不能重复使用,而地球被视为一个结壳如石头,矿石和土壤的形体(的BACCINI等1991年)。每一代的废物完全转变,在技术上和经济上都是一个随之而来的可持续发展的概念。对于这样一个战略,热处理工艺是必不可少的,只有少数地区可以遵循这样的战略。瑞士在1986年开始,由于更先进的热处理厂混合固体废物的费用增加了一倍多而且现在在300400美元/吨。固体废物的混合通量平均减少了30,人均量在还原过程中从360400到240至360公斤/年。工业和贸易已安装了新设备和技术过程重复使用单独收集货物。联邦政府决定停止反应堆土地填充的年限是2000年。平均成本人均每年达100200美元
38、,相当于约平均净值04的人均年收入。另外,输入等于一个数量级以上的高阶输出。“土地填充”不是一个定性定量的,但从最实际的残留热疗法出发,没有一个“最终储存品质”。然而,这是一个小问题,可以通过合理的解决以及经济的努力。废物管理作为一个子系统在区域材料用于人口密集和发达地区,以保持10至15年的“可持续地位”。二农学和林业在瑞士的低地,农地面积约为55,森林总面积约30,城市约12的系统是一个网络,像物质生产的补丁。农业和林业的使用不到总数的5,生产劳动活动占国民生产总值的5。这两个经济部门的补贴1000美元每年由于经济原因,森林不能完全收获(收益率约75)。在一些农业分支(作物,奶)却有生产过
39、剩。从农业到空气和水(主要是氮的排放量和磷)的质量显著降低。农业土壤在受到生态威胁。碳代谢是一个很好的例子分析生物管理的主要特点。对于系统选定后,通量和碳含量每种商品都从不同的研究已经出版(穆勒等人。1995年)。相应的碳通量和计算误差传播与SIMBOX(贝德的BACCINI和1996年)。人类生活圈的五个流程(食品加工,工业和贸易,能源转化和消费在定居点,废物管理)相结合作为一个单一的过程结算方面的合作,这过程是碳通量的主要责任。由进口化石燃料的输入结果。大约60,对粮食的需求涵盖了区域农业。其余必须依赖进口。碳的过程“农业”营业额是3至4个单位高于“森林”。他们的总净贡献到目标进程“和解行
40、动面积“大约只有总数的10。最大的股票被发现在后两个过程的土壤。然而,在土壤中的有机碳含量比较低(百分之几)。最集中的形式在森林中的树木和建筑物的木质部分。两个在数量级(103公斤/人均)顺序相同。现状这种类型的城市系统,从而主要取决于外部有机碳的来源,以运行其新陈代谢。三建筑物和交通网络市区面积代谢需要解决以下大宗货物水,生物,建筑材料和能源载体。假设,以下两个标准选择检验,对于本区域的一个可持续发展的潜力。(一)对一个城市系统代谢是“可持续的”,如果对基本的“大宗货物”,如用水需求,生物质,建筑材料(如结石)和能源运营商可满足有80的长期性的需求。在自给自足的程度上,任意选择必备品,关于一
41、级的必备品,决定了生态,明确了城镇体系的边界。(二)其余的可以覆盖从“外部市场”这样一个全球资源资本不减少的方法显著。人均提供的商品从平均通量外部市场是由每年的增长率“全球腹地”分裂世界人口。例如,瑞士的一个低地地区首次分析导致了以下结果,然而,质量的不断降低。主要是由于农业废水的排放量,即家庭用水是不可持续的。生物质能活动“滋养”,可支持60。与低肉饮食(10公斤肉)“可持续”如果空气和水的排放量减少同时进行。林业理论上可以覆盖区内需求木质产品(木材,纸浆),但目前没有经济竞争力。建筑材料该地区是自给自足的碎石和沙子,但在未来30年会耗尽所有库存,假设剥削率相同。从理论上说,在岩石圈的替代品
42、。然而,他们的开采将需要更多的能量。能源载体超过90的能量产生外部资源。大约80的能源流入“楼宇维修”和运输。由此可见,以“可持续状态”转型是唯一可能江苏省城镇体系,即建筑物和重建交通运输网络。良好的质量和能量现有的“建筑”是关键因素。在实现的速率决定步骤是这样的一个状态改变建筑物结构和在运输类型网络。资本投资高达人均达300000美元。他们的新陈代谢年度支出金额为人均10000美元,即在同一个数量级是以每年平均纯收入。重建城镇体系的需要,由于经济原因,一时间两代60年左右时间假设(年变化的I2的股份)。一个“可持续发展”的指导方针是建议减少资源消耗。本文关注的是,问题是如何“可持续发展观”,可把全球转变为一个区域范围。在城市居住区最终存储策略的问题上应该予以采用。受此影响,该子系统废物管理可以转化在10年到15年的时间内转化完。关于系统“农学”,文章的结论是,在城市系统农业应侧重于粮食生产,而不是促进在能源生产而赞成粮食减产,这是不是一个合适的策略。而存在的主要问题是能源载体,只有转变为可持续发展的地位,才有可能在城市改造制度,即建筑和运输网络。高房价是这种状态的表面现象。建筑物和交通网络的类型。是重建城镇体系的需要,主要是经济原因,需要一两代,甚至更长的时间。