1、同济大学 交通运输工程学院惠 英 2009.11,汽车共享机动化的新选择？CARSHARING A NEW CHOICE OF MOTORIZATION IN SHANGHAI ?,汽车共享的全球发展概况Overview of Carsharing Worldwide上海汽车共享发展设想Development Scenarios of Carsharing in Shanghai汽车共享的居民意愿分析Residents Willingness Analysis of Carsharing展望机遇与挑战Prospect ：Opportunities and Challenges,主要内容 out
2、line,个人享受私家车的使用而免去购买所需的费用和责任。Individuals gain the benefits of private vehicle use without the costs and responsibilities of ownership.个人通过加入拥有成网运营的轿车和轻型卡车的汽车共享组织以取得会员资格。可以在指定的地点和区位取用你需要的小汽车或货车，这些车辆大多布置在居民区，公交和地铁车站，以及商业中心。Individuals generally access vehicles by joining an organization that maintains
3、 a fleet of cars and light trucks in a network of locations. Vehicles are most frequently deployed from lots located in neighborhoods, at transit stations, or at businesses.会员通常按照使用时间，一般是按小时付费。大部分汽车共享运营商通过先进技术来管理公司并提供优质服务，其中包括自动计费、路边停车优惠、车辆出入一卡通，和车辆实时跟踪等技术。Carsharing members typically pay for use th
4、rough hourly rates and subscription-access plans. Most Carsharing operators manage their services with advanced technologies, which may include automated reservations, smart-card vehicle access, and real-time vehicle tracking,什么是汽车共享 What is Carshring,能源价格越来越昂贵。增加了汽车拥有成本和不确定的未来费用。Energy prices have
5、become increasingly more expensive and volatile停车空间有限、昂贵。Parking is limited and costly许多国家把汽车共享作为减少运输成本、交通拥挤、低效的土地利用、能源消耗和排放等负面效应的一种手段。Many nations have adopted carsharing as a means to reduce personal transportation costs and the negative impacts of widespread auto use, including congestion, ineffi
6、cient land use, energy consumption, and emissions.支持汽车共享的技术已全面推广。新市场的开发和成熟市场的发展正极大地影响汽车共享全球各地的增长。 Advanced technologies to support its operations has spread,汽车共享的兴起 Worldwide Carshring,已经发展汽车共享的国家,存在汽车共享潜在市场的国家,汽车共享在大约600个世界各地的城市、18个国家和4大洲开Carsharing operating in approximately 600 cities worldwide,个
7、人效益 Individual Benefits节省成本不用支付购车和其他相关费用提供一种简单、而不用洗车，换油，预防性维护、车辆登记等的用车方式社会效益 Social Effects 交通环境土地利用,汽车共享的效益 Benefits of Carsharing,欧洲平均每个用户因此减少39-54的二氧化碳排放量，且而大部分的汽车共享组织使用低排放车辆，如油电混合动力车。In Europe, recent carsharing studies estimate that the average users carbon dioxide emissions were reduced 39% to
8、 54%. Many carsharing organizations also include low-emission vehicles, such as gasolineelectric hybrid cars.,国外结果显示，汽车共享作为一个灵活的替代交通模式，可以在很多情况下增加机动性，并加强与轨道和公交站点的连接，减少私人汽车的拥有，降低车辆废气排放和能源消耗，并鼓励用户尝试积极的生活方式（自行车、步行等）。,上海：城市布局结构调整Shanghai：Change of Urban Structure,城市布局结构调整的特点：多中心、新城Features of New Urban S
9、tructure：Multicenter 、New Town上海城市空间发展战略“一轴、两链、多核”Spatial Strategy：One Corridor 、Two Chains、Multicore “一轴”：东西向城市发展主轴；“两链”：西部新城发展链、滨江沿海发展链；“多核”：中心城、新城。外围新城公交网络覆盖不足Inadequate public transport network coverage in outside new town,“官车”时代红旗Official-use,国产化时代桑塔纳Domestic Industry,家用化时代赛欧Home-use,廉价化时代 QQ L
10、ow-cost,汽车进入家庭速度加快，增加了协调机动化与人居环境关系的压力。Household car-ownership increase fast, causing more pressure to coordinate the relationship between motorization and living environment.,机动化进展 Motorization,自有车辆费用支出,平均每天行驶距离,租车、拼车经历Car Rental、Carpool,新型交通服务需求 Demand for New Transport Services,上海发展汽车共享的可能性The Pos
11、sibility of Carsharing Development in Shanghai,城市交通体系 Urban Transport System 公交-汽车共享-出租车-私人小汽车个人因素 Individual Factors 合理的个人机动化需求经济因素生活方式社会因素 Social Factors 停车公交发展滞后于城市扩展国外社会效益的借鉴企业因素 Organizations Factors汽车租赁行业的发展合作者参与者,出租车,轨道+公交,汽车共享与租赁,10 km,10 km,满足合理的机动化出行需求尤其是非高峰时段的出行,政府/商务用车适当取代家庭第二辆购车需求外围新城地区
12、中心城（受泊位限制购车困难）学生/中低收入群体偶然用车需求新能源汽车的推广,居民意愿调查机动化出行,Motorization travel,Commuting Travel Mode,Business Travel Mode,Jaunt Travel Mode,居民意愿调查租车、拼车,租车Car Rental,拼车Carpool,Car Rental、Carpool,居民意愿调查购车影响因素,积极因素Positive Factors,消极因素Negative Factors,Factors Influence to Buy a Car,居民意愿调查汽车共享潜在群体,Potential grou
13、ps of Carshring,居民意愿调查汽车共享服务需求,取/还车点Park Location,车型Vehicle Model,个性化需求Individual Requirements,Demand for Carshring,居民意愿调查汽车共享的效应,Effect of Carshring,对居民购车计划的影响Impact on the plan to buy a car,政府/公共支持 Public Support建立评价标准分配支持的资金提供贷款担保提供行政审批来鼓励私营部门加入特定的停车泊位供应/停车政策鼓励政府/企业的汽车共享计划试点与推动Demonstration Proje
14、cts,汽车共享的潜在市场开始显现Carshring potential market began to appear 未来城市综合交通系统建设从“建设”为主逐步转向“建设与管理并重”The urban transpot development focus shifted from building of the main to construction and management of equal importance 多样化交通服务体系是未来城市交通发展重点Diversification of transport service system as a trend,机遇与挑战Opportunities and Challenges,谢谢！Thank you！,
