1、Documentary in China,The Shadow Show Era （1895-1921）,“Shadowshow”“影戏”Chinese first film :Dingjun Mountain （定军山 ） was produced by Ren Qingtai （任庆泰） ，the owner of Fengtai photo studio in Beijing in 1905.,Beijing Opera Master Tan Xinpei 谭鑫培,The pioneer Chinese non-fiction films The Battle of Wehan武汉战争&
2、 The Battle of Shanghai上海战争(1911) Commercial Press （商务印书馆） produced a number of newsreels educational films and travelogues (1919-1926),The Era of Science and Democracy （1912-1932）,Chinese documentary entered into a prosperous period the mushroom of domestic film studios a large number of lower budg
3、et productions fierce marketing competitionSeveral large scale revolutionary movements , such as the May 30th Movement（五卅运动）and the Northern Expedition （北伐）, became ideal subjects for documentary productions. Documentary concept the term “Documentary”was firstly appeared in a Chinese- English Dictio
4、nary （梁实秋 实用英汉词典） in 1931,The War Era （1932-1949）,The emergence of sound film in documentary genre Fully explored the political function of documentary： a weapon to conquer the political ravels 1933，Central Film Studio （中央电影摄影场） in Nanjing，mainly produced newsreels and propaganda films Yanan Film Gr
5、oup （延安电影团） Yanan and the Eighth Route Army延安与八路军,The Liberation Era（1950-1957）,Reflecting the military success Marching to Tibet 解放西藏大军行 The Korean War抗美援朝Presenting great achievements of varies fields Land Reform伟大的土地改革 The First Car第一辆汽车 Conquer Mount Qomolangma征服世界最高峰,The found of “Central Newsr
6、eel and documentary film studio” （中央新闻纪录电影制片厂） in 1952 The first production meeting was held in the Central Newsreel and documentary film studio in December 1953 acclaiming for U.S.S.Rs “visualized political discourse” （“形象化的政论” ）The booming of Science and educational films Achieved high yield Acces
7、sed to the world,Four development periods after 1958,Period of politics（1958-1977）Period of Humanity （1978-1992）Period of civilian population （1993-1998）Period of Socialization（1999- ）,Period of politics （1958-1977）,Exaggerated the political function of documentary films the Party and the government
8、s high demand of political propaganda the dominance of political discourse adopted an indoctrination style of narrative the dominant subjects: national politics & class struggleAchieved poor effect of communication the detachment of image and sound a stereotypical model of audio-visual presentation,
9、Rent collection courtyard收租院（ 1965）,A peak of earlier Chinese television documentary production Representing the struggle between the exploited class the exploiting class and in rural area Made for educational purpose: Socialistic educational Movement, Prose style（散文体）: an emotional approach,Politic
10、al Transformation in 1978,In the summer of 1978，Chinese government raised a general discussion about the standards of truth （关于真理标准问题的大讨论）。In the end of 1978， The 3rd Session of the11th CPC Meeting（十一届三中全会）criticized the wrong policies of “two whatevers” （“两个凡是” ）and ceased the slogan of “taking cla
11、ss struggle as the guiding principle” （“以阶级斗争为纲” ） political guideline“Emancipate the mind, seek truth from facts”（“解放思想、实事求是” ） processing the open policy （实行改革开放的政策） concentrating on modernization （四化建设）,Period of Humanity （1978-1992）,The rise of television documentary a major television genrethe
12、decline of documentary filmsregularly broadcast television serialsMore emphasizing on presenting factsenhancing humanity and reducing propaganda - overseas influence, Silk Road （1979）Co-produced by CCTV&NHK,large-scale production with significant subjects (e.g. national history, geographic wonders &
13、 heroes) In favor of adopting sensational narration to generate national pride and inspire national spirit group production with collective discourses Diversification in subjects and style in later 1980s,Media Reform in 1993,Chinese input & output film company （中国电影输入输出公司） ended its history of being
14、 the state monopoly on purchasing and selling offilm products Chinese film production had to face its market and audience.CCTV adopted “producer system” （制片人制度） the producer centered production system the permission of 5-minute insert advertisement audience rating became an important element to eval
15、uate the programme.Shanghai Television Station established Documentary Editing Room （ 纪录片编辑室 ） in February 1993 Chinas first documentary television column.CCTV launched a news magazine programme Oriental Horizon （东方时空） on May 1, 1993 . a celebrated documentary segment, named “Tell the story of the p
16、eople themselves” （“讲述老百姓自己的故事”）,Period of civilian population （1993-1998）,The awareness of common people observing their living circumstance exploring their feeling and internal struggles Decentralization of discourse power Ideologies penetrating into human interest stories the foregrounding of doc
17、umentary makers individual consciousness,New Documentary Movement,The emergence of independent documentary producer low budge production highly interested in socially and geographically marginalized communities ( disadvantaged groups and ethnic minorities ) The influence of Direct Cinema and Cinema
18、Vrit the dominance of recording avoiding expressing opinions,Period of Socialization（1999-）,the diversification of form and content the presentation of mainstream social reality the great influence of public interests in the selection of the subjectsBalancing marketing demands and social responsibil
19、ity,The internalization operation co-producing with overseas professionals to achieve higher production quality international trade in documentary productsCapturing the global trends format-based production entertainment and marketing-oriented productionThe emergence of domestic documentary channels
20、 Foreign documentary production corporations entered into Chinese market,Documentary Channel,Sun TV launched the first history documentary channel in East Asia area in March 2000. Shanghai TV launched the first domestic documentary channel in January 2001. CCTV launched documentary channel CCTV-9 in
21、 January 2011,Foreign Documentary Production Corporation in China,Discovery Channel launched television programme “Exploring” (“探索发现”) on CCTVs 科教channelIn 2002，Discovery launched “Aspiring Documentary Director Project” in china（“新锐导演计划”）来到中国,Development of Documentaryafter 1958,Function： national p
22、olitics & class struggle national spirit & pride everyday peoples living circumstance mainstream social reality Discourse : the Party and governments interests nation & collective interests everyday & individual interests market interests Subjects： political feats and ideologies national history, heroes and cultural icons glass roots real life stories diversification Perspective： respect reflection observation examination,
