1、Regulations for International Markets,保护性法规REGULATIONS FOR PROTECTION,电干扰人员保护 (安全)眼睛的安全 (激光)电信,电子产品ELECTRONIC PRODUCTS,FCC Rules control electromagnetic noise, protect radio frequency spectrum and telecommunications http:/www.fcc.govUL standards protect people from danger from electrical shock, fire
2、 and injury,激光设备Laser Devices,CD ROMsDVD必须满足 FDA 要求CDRH 要求保护视力,核准方式Types of Approvals,标签示例EXAMPLE LABEL,COMPANY NAMEMODEL: XYZ123,LISTEDITEE123456,EN60950,100-240VAC 50/60 Hz130-170VA; 0.8-1.3A,MADE IN CHINA FOR INDOOR USE ONLYFUSE REPLACEMENT: T1.2,LEVEL 3LR12345,COMMON INFORMATION(Company and Rati
3、ngs),US/CANADAUL and/or CSA,WORLD MARKETS,SPECIAL INFORMATIONUse, Fuse,Warnings,EN60950,Japan,Germany,Australia,Sweden, NorwayFinland, Denmark,Mexico,FCC 法规减少电磁干扰FCC RULES REDUCE ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE,Noise,Radiated,Conducted,FCC 管理和保护频谱FCC CONTROLS AND PROTECTS FREQUENCY SPECTRUM,发射机对讲机蜂窝电话电
4、视微波炉卫星接收器,Canada has the same or very similar Technical Specifications,设备进口IMPORTATION OF EQUIPMENT,FCC Form 740 required for importing electronic equipment:“Statement Regarding the Importation of Radio Frequency Devices Capable of Causing Harmful Interference”Download from:http:/www.fcc.gov/formpag
5、e.html,一类产品和二类产品CLASS A and CLASS B,一类产品：办公室和工业用品二类产品： 居民用品,电子产品必须满足FCC法规ELECTRONIC PRODUCTS MUST MEET FCC RULES,ExamplesPersonal ComputersVideo GamesCD PlayersOffice machinesCopying machinesElectronic toysRadio ReceiversTVsFax machinesMicrowave ovensClass A ProductsTest and ReportClass B Products:
6、Two WaysMethod #1: Declaration of ConformityMethod #2: Certification,FCC核准FCC APPROVALS,认证Transmitters and some computers认证(旧名：注册)Telecommunications一致性声明Computers and radio receivers核实Commercial computers,重要的FCC法规Important FCC Rule Parts,FCC Part 2: 一般性要求FCC Part 15: 数字式设备和低功发射机FCC Part 18: 微波炉FCC P
7、art 22: 蜂窝电话FCC Part 95: 遥控玩具,Part 15 的免除项EXEMPTIONS to Part 15NO FCC NECESSARY FOR THESE PRODUCTS,Motor vehicles, aircraft and watercraftElectronic control systems by public utilities or in industrial plantsIndustrial, commercial or medical test equipment. Appliances.Specialized medical digital dev
8、ices Medical diathermy equipment and ultrasonic equipment, while exempt from the Part 15 digital device standards, are subject to the regulations in Part 18Digital devices that have a power consumption of 6 nanowatts or less, digital watches and solar calculatorsJoystick or mouse controllers,惩罚PENAL
9、TIES,没收所有不合格设备个人/公司$100,000/$200,000的刑事责任罚款刑事责任罚款总额为不合格设备销售额毛收入的两倍每次违章每天罚款$10,000,个人计算机、打印机和外设PERSONAL COMPUTERS, PRINTERS & PERIPHERALS,在经批准的实验室测试,Test Product at approved Laboratory,Report with Technical Information,Declaration of Conformity,Sell Product,Declaration of Conformity. Does not go to t
10、he FCC,DOC,无线电发射机RADIO TRANSMITTERS,ExamplesCordless Phones, Radio Transmitters, CB Radios, Wireless Products,CERTIFICATION:,Test Product,Report with Technical Information,Send Report and Application to FCC or TCB,GRANTwith FCC ID Number,Sell Product,Grant,电信连接到电话系统的设备TELECOMMUNICATIONSDevices that
11、connect to the phone system,ExamplesTelephones, Fax Machines, Caller-ID, Modems, ADSL Devices,CERTIFICATION or DOC:,无线电发射机Radio Transmitters,Some radio transmitters must also comply with radiation hazard levelsCell PhonesHand-held radiosLow power radios“SAR” testing. How much does radio wave affect
12、human tissueExpensive: $5,000 - $10,000,FCC核准FCC Approvals,Determine Equipment typeIs an “FCC Certification” Necessary?Only required for:TransmittersTelephones and modemsSome types of Radio Receivers“scanning receivers”This requires submission of FCC paperworkTest report and application formFCC Iden
13、tifier Number (FCC ID),FCC核准FCC Approvals,FCC Approval is required for:Digital devices:PCs, computers, fax machines, POS terminals, printers, digital electronicsCLASS A: Computer equipment that is marketed exclusively for use in business and industrial environments is called Class A equipment and re
14、quires verification (self approval) by the manufacturer. CLASS B: Personal computer equipment marketed for use in residential environments is called Class B and requires either certification by the FCC or self-approval under the Declaration of Conformity process,一致性声明（DOC）DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY,M
15、AJOR PROVISIONSApplies to Class B personal computers and peripherals, TV Interface Devices and Radio ReceiversAlternative to Certification. No submission to the FCC PROCEDURECompliance testing at accredited laboratory. No testing required for products assembled from authorized modular components. CO
16、MPLIANCE INFORMATION STATEMENTCOMPLIANCE INFORMATION SYSTEMTESTING LABORATORIESRESPONSIBLE PARTYTEST PROCEDURES,DOC 标签 DOC LABEL,Assembled from approved components:System TestedThis device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device m
17、ay not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.The label shall not be a stick-on, paper label. The label shall be permanently affixed to the product and shall be readily visible to the purchaser
18、at the time of purchase. Permanently affixed means that the label is etched, engraved, stamped, silkscreened, indelibly printed or otherwise permanently marked on a permanent attached part of the equipment or on a nameplate of metal, plastic, or other material fastened to the equipment by welding, r
19、iveting or a permanent adhesive. The label must be designed to last the expected lifetime of the equipment in the environment in which the equipment may be operated and must not be readily detachable.,申请认证CERTIFICATION APPLICATION,Cover Letters: Request for Confidentiality (if desired)ModificationsT
20、est Report from LabUsers ManualSchematicsBlock DiagramTest Setup Photographs from LabInternal/External Photographs by LabFCC ID Label Artwork:FCC Label Position on Device Operational Description: Attestation Statements (for Transmitters),FCC ID,FCC ID: AAAnnnnnnnnnnnnnnAAA: is Grantee Code from FCC.
21、 Need to get the Grantee Code from FCC:nnnnnnnnnnnnnn: is from ManufacturerGet grantee code from web site“https:/gullfoss.fcc.gov/prod/oet/index.html”Cost: $55 (one time only)The FCC ID number must be on all Certified Devices,FCC发射机认证对照检查表FCC TRANSMITTER CERTIFICATION CHECKLIST,The Following is need
22、ed for testing:TEST UNITS (one or more)DRAWING OF ANTENNADOCUMENTATIONLABELLING INFORMATION,辐射测试RADIATED EMISSIONS TESTING,Test Site: Measure Radiated Noise from Equipment Case and Cables,Measuring Antenna,Product,3 m or 10 m,Photos: EMC Test System, Austin, TX ,SpectrumAnalyzer,Open Area Test Site,
23、Turntable,已进行的辐射测试CONDUCTED EMISSIONS TESTING,Measure Noise on Power Line,Spectrum Analyzer,LISN,Product,Power Cord,FCC法规的变更FCC RULE CHANGES,Telecommunications Certification Bodies (TCBs)Electronic Filing with Internetwww.ATCB.com,Fast Approvals,安全性测试SAFETY TESTING,美国对产品安全性的要求PRODUCT SAFETY IN US,WH
24、Y?Product LiabilityCustomer demandsLegal requirements,美国的安全性测试SAFETY TESTING IN US,Underwriters Laboratories, Inc.NRTLs: Nationally Recognized Testing LaboratoriesCSA, ETL, MET, DS&G, WYLE - Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratories accredited by OSHAUL Mark is Accepted in Canada,安全标志SAFETY MARKS,U
25、L RECOGNIZED: Designation for components, sub-assemblies that meet certain criteria, but are generally not end-use products. Will be investigated for suitability in end product,LISTED: Reserved for end-use products that have been approved under a specific UL standard,LISTED,UL Mark for Canada: Accep
26、ted by all Canadian provinces,CSANRTL SymbolAccepted by OSHA in the United States as safe.One symbol for acceptance in Canada as well as the US,NRTL,UL标准（示例）UL STANDARDS (EXAMPLES),UL 60950:信息技术设备UL 1026:家用电器UL 60601-1:医用电气设备UL 508:工业控制设备,测试步骤TEST PROCEDURE,UL Testing,Test Product,UL Prepares Report
27、,Factory Inspection atManufacturer,Manufacturer Labels Products,LISTING:,Sell Product,一般性要求General Requirements,Labeling and markingLanguageUser InstructionsService Information,Design requirementsThermal and electrical characteristicsAbnormal operationConnection to the supplyConstruction details / p
28、hysical requirements,标签与标志Labeling and Marking,Rated voltage or voltage range:115/230V or 100-240V or 230V or 400V 3 Rated frequency:50-60Hz or 50/60HzRated current or power:10/5A or 10-5A; 200W or 200VA NOTE:230/ 400V are the harmonized voltages for the European Union.,标签与标志Labeling and Marking,Man
29、ufacturers name or registered trademark.Model or type number.Fuse replacement info (if applicable).IEC symbols wherever possible. Warnings and Cautions appropriate for the particular equipment.,语言Language,Safety-related information to be in appropriate language.Service Instructions may be in English
30、.Many times, the entire User Manual must be translated (for specific market areas, dependent on intended end-user, etc).,使用说明User Instructions,Installation Instructions - information regarding mounting, connection to the supply, ventilation, etc.All information regarding use, cleaning, maintenance (
31、if necessary).All safety warnings and cautions.,服务信息Service Information,Fuse and component replacement information.Special instructions to avoid hazards.Schematics, wiring diagrams.Special field installation and/or supply connection information.,不正常的操作Abnormal Operation,“None of the following condit
32、ions shall create a hazard within the meaning of the Standard:”Fan FailTransformer OverloadComponent Short- and Open-circuitsFailure of unapproved Thermal Limiting device.Locked Rotor.and others, depending upon equipment.,其它市场OTHER MARKETS,Europe: EU Directive approach to complianceNon-EU Europe: Ma
33、y accept CE MarkingAustralia: C-Tick Mark for EMC (CISPR emissions now)Japan: VCCI- Voluntary Control Council for Interference (CISPR emissions only)South Africa: Emissions requirements onlyMexico: NOM Certification,CE标志CE MARKING,CE Marking is for European UnionEMC DirectiveLow Voltage Directive (S
34、afety)Machinery Directive (Safety)Self-Declaration allowed for many products,标签示例EXAMPLE LABEL,COMPANY NAMEMODEL: XYZ123,LISTEDITEE123456,EN60950,100-240VAC 50/60 Hz130-170VA; 0.8-1.3A,MADE IN CHINA FOR INDOOR USE ONLYFUSE REPLACEMENT: T1.2,LEVEL 3LR12345,COMPANY NAMEOR MODEL NUMBER,US/CANADAUL and/
35、or CSA,SPECIAL INFORMATIONUse, Fuse,Warnings,VOLTAGEFREQUENCYPOWER OR CURRENT,UL & CSA allow manufacturers to use “E” number or “LR” number instead of Manufacturers Name,一般性费用GENERAL COSTS,Costs for FCC ApprovalTesting for PCs and Digital Devices: $1000-2500Testing for Transmitters: $2500-4500Testin
36、g for Telecommunications: $2500FCC Fees:Low Power Transmitters: $1000High Power Transmitters: $1000Telecommunications: $500Costs for ULTesting Fees: $2000-5000UL Fees: $4500-10,000,Price depends on equipment,New TechnologiesWireless Growth in US,More than 300 new Wireless products are approved every
37、 monthLANsBluetoothAlarm Systems,US Electronics Industry,$550B Industry$200BExport Industry in 2001Telecom export market $4.5B,Wireless Broadband,Market Access Estimates Frost & Sullivans North American Broadband Wireless Access Services Market2000: Wireless broadband service $842.3M2007: $10B(?),Wi
38、reless LAN Market Size,VDC, (Natick, MA):Global Market for Wireless LAN related equipment INICs, bridges, residential gateways) 2001: $923M2002: $1,050M2003: $1,426.3M 2004: $1,906M2005: $2,384M,Communications and Imaging,New wider bandwidth technologies necessary to implement short range communicat
39、ion devicesIEEE 802.11 for LANSIEEE 802.15.3a (TG3a) for PANsDevices worn on or located near the bodyPDAsHPCs (Handheld Personal Computers)Collision Avoidance,Current and Emerging Wireless Technologies,UWB: 3.1 10.6 GHz, 22-29 GHzBluetooth: 2.4 GHzWi-Fi: IEEE 802.11WCDMA: Cellular 3G; GSM Migration1
40、920-1980 MHz CDMA Migration (4X wider channel)Wi-Max: 10-66 GHz PMP IEEE 802.16,Whats the Trend?Market Potential for Wireless Technologies,Growth Rates of Chipsets 2003-2008 by Technology,Comparison of Short Range Data Capability,Challenges: Looking Forward,InterferenceSecurity IssuesIntercompatibilityIntegration & Standardization UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System)Frequency HarmonizationCharging for Access: How to make $?,
