1、本科毕业论文外文翻译外文题目THESUSTAINABLEUTILIZATIONOFFIDPOLICY出处SPECIALREPORT作者WEILEI,GUODONG,YUANJIA原文THESUSTAINABLEUTILIZATIONOFFIDPOLICYWEILEI,GUODONG,YUANJIAABSTRACTFIDISONETHEMOSTIMPORTANTFACTORSFORCHINAECONOMYCHINAHASACHIEVEDHIGHECONOMICGROWTHFORAPROLONGEDPERIODOFTIMEACADEMICRESEARCHERSHAVETRIEDALTERNATIV
2、EEXPLANATIONSFORTHISMIRACULOUSGROWTHITISFOUNDTHATBOTHEXPORTANDFIDHAVEASTRONGANDPOSITIVEEFFECTONECONOMICGROWTHTHERESULTSSUGGESTTHATTWOPOLICIESADOPTEDINCHINAAREUSEFULFOROTHERDEVELOPINGANDTRANSITIONALECONOMICEXPORTPROMOTIONANDADOPTIONOFWORTHTECHNOLOGYANDBUSINESSPRACTICESTHECAUSALITYBETWEENFIDANDECONOMI
3、CGROWTHINCHINABYCONDUCTINGTIMESERIESESTIMATIONSTHROUGHADFUNITROOTTESES,COINTEGRATIONTESTS,ANDCRRORCORRECTIONANALYSESTHERESULTREVEALSTHATTHETWOWAYBETWEENFDIANDGROWTHINCHINAISNOTHIGHLYSIGNIFICANTCHINASECONOMICGROWTHINDEEDATTRACTSFIDINFLUX,WHICHSUPPORTSTHEMARKETSIZEHYPOTHESISWHILETHEFIDINFLUXSTIMULATES
4、THEECONOMICGROWTHOFCHINATOSOMEDEGREE,THERESULTISNOTSIGNIFICANTFIDLIBERALIZATIONASASOURCEOFCOMPARATIVEADVANTAGEINCHINAITSHOWSTHATFIDLIBERALIZATIONENDOGENOUSLYINTRODUCESRICARDIANFEATURESTOANOTHERWISESTANDARDENDOWMENTBASEDTRADEMODEL,STRENGTHENINGCHINASNATURALCOMPARATIVEADVANTAGEINLABORINTENSIVEPRODUCTS
5、THEPOLICESTHATENHANCINGDOMESTICFIRMPRODUCTION,THROUGHPRODUCTIVITYGROWTHORCAPITALMARKETDISTORTIONS,IMPLICITLYSUPPORTTHECAPITALINTENSIVESECTORINCONTRAST,POLICESTHATENCOURAGEFID,LIKEGREATERACCESSTOCHINASCAPITALANDLABORMARKETWOULDSHIFTCHINASCOMPARATIVEADVANTAGEEVENFURTHERTOWARDSLABORINTENSIVEPRODUCTSTOS
6、UMUP,FIDHASPLAYEDMORESUBSTANTIALROLEINTHEECONOMICDEVELOPMENTOFCHINACHINAISTHEMOSTATTRACTIVEDESTINATIONOFFDIINTHEWORLDONEOFTHESTRIKINGFEATURESOFWORLDFDIFLOWSDURINGTHEPASTFEWYEARSHASBEENTHESTEADILYGROWINGIMPORTANCEOFCHINAASANFDIRECIPIENTECONOMYLN2009,CHINAATTRACTEDFOREIGNCAPITALUPTOUS9003BILLION,26PER
7、CENTYEARONYEARDECLINEINDETAIL,INDECEMBER,CHINAATTRACTEDFOREIGNCAPITAPLUS121,AMONTHONMONTHGROWTHOF103THISISTHEFIFTHCONSECUTIVEMONTHREBOUNDEDINTERMSOFFOREIGNCAPITALATTRACTION,SINCETHEBREAKOUTOFTHEFINANCIALCRISISCHINASSTRONGPERFORMANCE,EVENDURINGTHECURRENTERISIS,HASRESHAPEDTHELANDSCAPEOFFDIFLOWSINTHEWO
8、RLDATLARGEFROMTHEREPORTOFUNITEDNATIONSCONFERENCEONTRADEANDDEVELOPMENTWORLDINVESTMENTPROSPECTSSURVEY20092011,ITISSEENTHATCHINAISTHEMOSTATTRACTIVEDESTINATIONFORFDIINTHEWOLRDCHINA,UNITEDSTATES,INDIA,BRAZIL,RUSSIANFEDERATIONANDUNITEDKINGDOMARETOPSIXDESTINATIONSOFFDIFORM2009OT2011IN2010,WHILEINFLOWSARELI
9、KELYTOWEAKENRECOVERYOVERALL,FDISEEKINGTOTAPTHELAGRECHINESEMARKETISEXPECTEDTOREMAINSTRONGMARKETGROWTH,MARKETSIZEANDCHEAPLABORAREFREQUENTLYMENTIONEDASMAJORLOCATION。ASSETSFORCHINABUTCHINAHASDISADVANTAGESONACCESSTOREGIONALMARKETS,SKILLSANDTALENT,PRESENCEOFSUPPLIERSANDACCESSTONATURALRESOURCESORCAPITALMAR
10、KETSFOREIGNDIRECTINVESTMENTMAINLYINFLOWSTOCHINAMANUFACTURINGINVESTMENTINCHINATOPTENCOUNTRIES/REGIONSAREHONGKONGUS53993BILLION,CHINATAIWANUS6563BILLION,JAPANUS4117BILLION,SIGNAPOREUSS3886BILLION,THEUNITEDSTATESUS3576BILLION,SOUTHKOREAUS2703BILLION,BRITAINUS1469BILLION,GERMANYUS1227BILLION,MACAUUS10BI
11、LLIONANDCANADAUS959BILLIONTHETOP10COUNTRIES/REGIONSOFTHEACTUALUSEOFFOREIGNCAPITALAMOUNT883ATPRESENT,75OFFDIINFLOWTOCHINAGOESTOMANUFACTURINGANDREALESTATEITSHOWSTHATMARKETORIENTATEDFDIACCOUNTSFORTHEMAJORITYOFCHINASTOTALINWARDFDIINMANUFACTURINGINDUSTRYANDHASGROWNFASTERTHANEXPORTORIENTATEDFDIOVERTHEPAST
12、YEARSITSUGGESTSTHATOVERSEASCHINESEINVESTORSAREMOREEXPORTORIENTATEDTHANFOREIGNINVESTORSCHINAFDIINFLOWS2008BYSECTORBILLIONSOFDOLLARSCHINASFDIPOLICYSHOULDCONFORMTOTHEDEVELOPMENTTRENDOFGLOBALINDUSTRIALDIVISIONTHEINTERNATIONALINDUSTRIALDIVISIONISDEEPENING,COMODITIESANDSERVICETRADE,FUNDS,TECHNOLOGYANDPROD
13、UCTIONFACTORSFLOWFREELYACROSSNATIONALBORDERSMEANWHILE,THEADVANCEDCOUNTRIESLAIDITSINTERNATIONALNETWORKBYFOREIGNINVESTMENTTRANSNATIONALENTERPRISESITSINDUSTRYCHAINLAYOUTMORETENDSTOADDVALUETOMULTINATIONALDIVISION,INTEGRATIONOFALLFUNDS,TECHNOLOGYANDCOMMUNICATION,MANAGEMETANDHUMANRESOURCESTHEWORLDMARKETCO
14、MPETITIONANDTHEINTEGRATIONOFPRODUCTIONHASBECOMEACOMMONTRENDAGAINSTTHEECONOMICGLOBALIZATIONBACKGROUND,ALMOSTALLECONOMIESAERATATTACHEDTOTHEGLOBALINDUSTRIALCHAIN,TOFORMCOMPLEXINDUSTRIALNETWORKCHINASHOULDTAKEAGLOBALVIEWTOATTRACTFOREIGNCAPITALBYINTEGRATINGINTOTHEGLOBALECONOMYANDUSINGTHEINTERNATIONALRESOU
15、RCE,ANDIMPROVECOMPETITIVENESSCHINASHOULDADJUSTFDIPOLICYTOCONFORMTOTHEDEVELOPMENTTRENDOFGLOBALINDUSTRIALDIVISIONCHINAOUGHTTOFURTHEROPENSERVICESECTOR,GUIDINGFDIINFLOWSTOTHETHIRDINDUSTRYTHEMULTINATIONALSERVICETRANSFERCAUSEDANEWWAVEOFINTERNATIONALINDUSTRIALTRANSFERSERVICESECTOR,FOREIGNDIRECTINVESTMENTAN
16、DOUTSOURCINGBECOMETHEMAINWAYFORTRANSNATIONALINDUSTRIALTRANSFERTHEDIRECTIONOFFDIHASSHIFTEDTOWARDSSERVICESECTORINALLREGIONSFDIINSERVICESECTORISINCREASING,PARTICULARLYINTELECOMMUNICATIONS,ELECTRICITYANDRETAILTRADETHEPRIMARYSECTORANDSERVICESECTORFACEBETTERFDIPROSPECTSTHANMANUFACTURINGCHINASHOULDTAKEADVA
17、NTAGEOFTHISTREND,GUIDINGFDITOSUPPORTTHEDEVELOPMENTOFSERVICESECTORIMPROVETHEFOREIGNFUNDEDENTERPRISESSTECHNOLOGYSPILLOVEREFFICIENEYTHEEXTENTOFTECHNOLOGYSPILLOVEREFFICIENEYGAINSFROMFDIDEPENDSONTHEQUALITYOFDOMESTICPOLICIESANDINSTITUTIONS,ESPECIALLYPOLICIESTOWARDFDITHEPOLICIESPROMOTINGTHEDIFFUSIONOFTECHN
18、OLOGYTHELEVELOFHUMANCAPITALTHELEVELOFTECHNOLOGYINTHERECIPIENTCOUNTRYANDHOWCLOSEITISTOTECHNOLOGYUSEDBYFOREIGNFIRMSTRADEPOLICYANDFINANCIALDEVELOPMENTALSOINFLUENCEFDITECHNOLOGYSPILLOVEREFFICIENCYINVESTORTARGETING,INTHISCONTEXT,REQUIRESIDENTIFICATIONOFTHEMAINPLAYERSINTHERELEVANTINDUSTRIESANDOFTHEIRCORPO
19、RATESTRATEGIESTHESUPERIORTECHNOLOGYASWELLASMARKETINGANDMANAGEMENTPRACTICES,OFTENUSEDBYFOREIGNFIRMSISTRANSMITTEDTODOMESTICFIRMSEITHERTHROUGHOBSERVATIONORBYTHEMEANSTHATDOMESTICFIRMSHIREWORKERSTRAINEDBYFOREIGNFIRMSTHESPILLOVEREFFECTSOFFDIARELARGERFORTHELOWTECHNOLOGYGAPGROUPTHANFORTHEHIGHTECHNOLOGYGAPGR
20、OUPHOWEVER,THEESTIMATIONRESULTSOFTHETRADEINDUCEDTECHNOLOGYSPILLOVEREFFECTSUPPORTTHETECHNOLOGYGAPLEARNINGTHEORYANDTHESIGNIFICANCEOFIMPORTINGAPPROPRIATETECHNOLOGYCHINASHOULDHAVEBETTERPROTECTIONOFINTELLECTUALPROPERTYRIGHTSTOHAVETHEFOREIGNTECHNOLOGICALOVERFLOWEFFECTMULTINATIONALCOMPANIESPREFERTOINVESTIN
21、THOSEREGIONSTHATHAVEBETTERPROTECTIONOFINTELLECTUALPROPERTYRIGHTS,LOWERDEGREEOFGOVERNMENTINTERVENTIONINBUSINESSOPERATIONS,LOWERLEVELOFGOVERNMENTCORRUPTION,ANDBETTERCONTRACTENFORCEMENTFDIALONECANNOTENSURETHEDEVELOPMENTOFPRODUCTIVECAPABILITIESITISIMPORTANTTOPAYATTENTIONTOTHEAMOUNTANDQUALITYOFBACKWARDLI
22、NKAGESBETWEENFOREIGNAFFILIATESANDDOMESTICFIRMSSUCHLINKAGESREPRESENTANIMPORTANTCHANNELTHROUGHWHICHINTANGIBLEANDTANGIBLEASSETSCANBEPASSEDONTODOMESTICENTERPRISESHOSTCOUNTRYGOVERNMENTSCANINTRODUCEVARIOUSMEASURESTOENCOURAGELINKAGESBETWEENDOMESTICSUPPLIERSANDFOREIGNAFFILIATESANDSTRENGTHENTHELIKELIHOODOFSP
23、ILLOVERSINTHEAREASOFINFORMATION,TECHNOLOGYANDTRAININGUTILIZATIONOFFOREIGNCAPITALOFCONCERNISNOTMONEYBUTTECHNOLOGOYFOCUSSHOULDNTBEPLACEDONLABORINTENSIVEANDRESOURCEBASEDPROCESSING,ASWELLASEXPORTORIENTEDPRODUCTIONINRELATIVELYLOWTECHNOLOGYMANUFACTRINGINTRODUCTIONOFFOREIGNCAPITALSHOULDFOCUSONTHEINTRODUCTI
24、ONOFFOREIGNADVANCEDENVIRONMENTALLYFRIENDLYTECHNOLOGYANDABSORBINGFOREIGNADVANCEDPRODUCTIONTECHNOLOGYANDTHEGREENPRODUCTIONPROCESSTOIMPROVETHEEFFICIENCYOFTHEUTILIZATIONOFRESOURCESANDPROMOTEENVIROMENTALPROTECTIONMEASURESOFIMPLEMENTING,REALIZINGTHESUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENTOFCHINASECONOMYPROMOTEBALANCEDUSEOF
25、FDIFORREGIONALHARMONIOUSDEVELOPMENTANIMPORTANTSTARTINGPOINTFORDESIGNINGPOLICIESTOOPTIMIZETHEBENEFITSFROMINWARDFDIISTOHAVEABASICUNDERSTANDINGOFACOUNTRYS,COMPARATIVEADVANTAGEANDDEVELPOMENTOBJECTIVESTHISHELPSTOASSESSWHATKINDOFFDICANREALISTICALLYBEATTRACTEDASWELLASTHEPOSSIBLECONSEQUENCESOFPOTENTIALINFLO
26、WSINVESTMENTPOLICYWILLNEEDTOCONSIDERTHEECONOMYSUNIQUECIRCUMSTANCESINTERMSOFITSENDOWMENTS,POTENTIALANDPROSPECTS,PREFERABLYCOMPAREDWITHALTERNATIVELOCATIONSCHINASPREFERENTIALFDIPOLICESHAVEGENERALLYFAVOREDTHECOASTALPROVINCES,WHICHHASLEDTOAPRONOUNCEDREGIONALDISPARITYINFDISINCE1992,THECHINESEGOVERNMENTHAS
27、IMPLEMENTEDASERIESOFPOLICESTOREDUCEFDIREGIONALDISPARITYANDDIVERSIFYINWARDFDITOWESTERNANDCENTRALPROVINCESWITHTHELAUNCHOFTHEWESTERNDEVELOPMENTSTRATEGYIN2000ANDTHECENTRALCHINARISINGSTRATEGYIN2004,THECHOICEOFINVESTMENTLOCATIONSHASEXPANDEDTOINLANDAREASWELLESTABLISHEDFACTORSSUCHASNATURALRESOURCESANDLOWLAB
28、ORCOSTSARENOTIMPORTANTFACTORSINDETERMININGFDILOCATIONSWITHINCHINASINLANDINSTEAD,POLICYINCENTIVESANDINDUSTRIALAGGLOMERATIONARETHEMOSTIMPORTANTFACTORSPRONOUNCEDDISPARITIESININCOMEANDECONOMICOPPORTUNITIESBETWEENTHECOASTALANDTHEINLANDREGIONSOFCHINAHAVEOFTENBEENNOTEDTHESPILLOVERANDMIGRATIONEFFCETSOFFDION
29、REGIONALINCOMEINEQUALITIESAREINVESTIGATEDTHEEMPHASISONFDIDRIVENLABORINTENSIVEPROCESSINGTYPEEXPORTSINTHECOASTALREGIONSISFOUNDTOHAVEATTRACTEDTHERELATIVELYMOBILEANDEFFICIENTRESOURCESFROMTHEINLANDREGIONS,BUTHAVEONLYOFFEREDLIMITEDGROWTHLINKAGESTOTHEMALLTHISHASEXACERBATEDTHEBACKWARDNESSOFTHEINLANDREGIONSI
30、TALSOAPPEARSTHATCHINAISSEEKINGTOSPREADTHEBENEFITSOFFOREIGNINVESTMENTBEYONDCHINASCOMPARATIVELYWEALTHYCOASTALAREABYENCOURAGINGMULTINATIONALBUSINESSESTOESTABLISHREGIONALHEADQUARTERSANDOPERATIONSINCENTRAL,WESTERN,ANDNORTHEASTCHINACONSTRUCTINGSTRATEGICINDUSTRIESFOREIGNINVESTMENTREVIEWMECHANISMINNOVEMBER2
31、006,THENDRCRELEASEDAFIVEYEARPLANONFOREIGNINVESTMENT,WHICHPROMISEDGREATERSCRUTINYOVERFOREIGNCAPITALUTILIZATIONTHEPLANCALLSFORTHEREALIZATIONFOA“FUNDAMENTALSHIFT”“QUANITY”TO“QUALITY”INFOREIGNINVESTMENTDURINGTHEPERIODFROM2006TO2010THESTATESFOCUSWOULDCHANGEFROMSHORINGUPDOMESTICCAPITALANDFOREIGNEXCHANGESH
32、ORTFALLSTOINTRODUCINGADVANCEDTECHNOLOGYMANAGEMENTEXPERTISE,ANDTALENTINADDITION,MOREATTENTIONWOULDBEPAIDTOECOLOGYTHEENVIRONMENT,ANDENERGYEFFICENCYTHEPLANALSODEMANDSTIGHTERTAXSUPERVISIONOFFOREIGNENTERPRISESANDSEEKSTORESTRICTFOREIGNFIRMSACQUISITIONOF“READING”ENTERPRISESTOPREVENTTHE“EMERGENCEOREXPANSION
33、OFFOREIGNCAPITALMONOPOLIES”TOPROTECTNATIONALECONOMICSECURITYANDTOPREVENTTHE“ABUSEOFINTELLECTUALPROPERTY”CHINASHOULDSETUPAREVIEWMECHANISMONFOREIGNINVESTEMNTSINTHEINDUSTRIALMACHINERYMANUFACTRUINGINDUSTRIES,INCLUDINGAREQUIREMENTFORADMINISTRATIVEAPPROVALWHENFOREGINENTITIESSEEKMAJORITYOWENRSHIPORCONTROLO
34、FLEADINGDOMESTICFIRMSMONITORFOREIGNPARTICIPATIONINTHESE“PI11AR”AND“BACKONE”INDUSTRIESSUCHASAUTOMOTIVE,CHEMICAL,CONSTRUCTION,ELECTRONICINFORMATION,EQUIPMENTMANUFACTURING,IRONANDSTEEL,NONFERROUSMEATL,SCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGY,ANDSURVEYANDDESINGETCESTABLISHINGFDIDISPUTESWARNINGMECHANISMTHEWORLDBANKSDOINGBUS
35、INESSREPORT2010RANKEDCHINAGLOBALLY89THINTERMSOF“EASEOFDOINGBUSINESS”INVESTORSCONTINUEDTOCOMPLAINOFALACKOFTRANSPARENCY,INCONSISTEINLYENFORCEDLAWSANDREGULATINOS,WEAKINTELLECTUALPROPERTYPROTECTION,CORRUPTION,AIACKOFTRANSPARENCY,ANDANUNRELIABLELEGALSYSTEMINCAPABLEOFENFORCINGCONTRACTSANDJUDGMENTSCHINASTR
36、ADEPARTNERSARECONCERNEDABOUTTHEINCREASEOFPROPOSEDANDADOPTEDMEASURESTHATRESTRIETINVESTMENTOFTEN,THESERESTRICTIONSAREACCOMPANIEDBYOTHERPROBELEMATICINDUSTRIALPOLICIES,SUCHASTHEINCREASEDSUEOFSUBSIDIESANDTHEDEVELOPMENTOFCHINASPECIFICSTANDARDSMANYOFTHESEDEVELOPMENTSAPPEARTOREPRESENTPROTECTIONISTTOOLSBYIND
37、USTRIALPLANNERSTOSHIELDINEFFICIENTORMONOPOLISTICENTERPRISESFROMCOMPETITION,COUNTERTOTHEMARKETORIENTEDPRINCIPLESTHATHAVEBEENTHEBASISFORMUCHOFCHINASECONOMICSUCCESSTHOSEMEASURESMAYPRODUCEINVESTMENTDISPUTESCHINASHONLDPAYMOREATTENTIONTOTHEMCONSTRUCTINGFOREIGNINVESTMENTDISPUTESVVARNINGMECHANISMISAGOODCHOI
38、CEINAWORD,FORENHANCINGTHEPOSITIVEIMPACTOFINWARDFDI,CHINASHOULDTAKETHESUSTAINABLEUTILIZATIONOFFERGINPULICYSUSTAINABLEUTILIZATIONOFFOREIGNCAPITALSDEFINEDASTHEFDIINFLOWSTHATMINIMIZENEGATIVEENVIRONMENTALIMPACTS,CNOSERVEENERGYANDNATURALRESOURCES,ARESAFEFOREMPLOYECS,COMMUNITIES,ANDCONSUMERSANDAREECONOMICA
39、LLYSOUNDCHINANEEDTOCONSIDERTHEFULLRANGEOFPOLICIESTHATCANINFLUENCETHEBEHAVIOROFFOERIGNAFFILIATES,ANDTHEIRINTERACTIONWITHTHELOCALBUSINESSENVIRONMENT译文FDI政策的可持续利用摘要外商直接投资对于中国来说是一个非常重要的因素。中国经济在一段很长的时间内取得了高速增长。学术研究者已经尝试去解释这个奇迹般的增长。经研究发现出口和FID对经济的增长有很强的积极影响。这一研究结果表明在中国采用这两种方式对于其他发展和转轨的经济是非常有用的。出口被推广和采用到有价
40、值的技术和商业中。在中国,对FDI和经济增长之间的因果关系通过进行时间序列,单位根检验,协整分析,误差校正分析进行分析。结果表明,FDI与中国经济增长两者之间没有高度显著的相关性。中国的经济增长包括市场规模的扩大确实吸引着FDI的涌入。而FDI的涌入在一定程度上刺激了中国经济的增长,这个结果是明显的。在中国,FDI自由化是一项比较优势的来源。它表明,内生的FDI贸易自由化介绍了李嘉图的另外一个贸易模型,要利用中国的自然人口优势加强劳动密集型产品方面的生产。原以为通过生产率的增长和资本市场的扭曲而加强国内企业生产的政策,会暗中支持资本密集企业。相反,政策鼓励FDI自由流动,想更多地进入中国资本和
41、劳动力市场的投资转而向在中国有着比较优势的劳动力密集型行业发展。综上所述,FID已在中国的经济发展中发挥了重大的作用。一、在世界上,中国是对外国直接投资最具吸引力的地方全球FDI流动的显著特点之一是在过去数年,中国作为一个外商直接投资的长期接受体经济稳步增长。在2009年,中国吸引外国资本达到9003亿元,同比下跌26。具体而言,在12月,中国吸引外资121亿美元,本月与上月相比增加了103。自金融危机爆发后,这是连续第五个月在吸引外资方面反弹。中国的强劲表现,即使在目前的危机中,它也大大改变了外国直接投资在世界上的流量。从20092011年联合国贸易与发展会议中世界投资前景调查报告中,我们可
42、以看出,在全世界,中国是最具吸引力的外国直接投资的目的地(中国,美国,印度,巴西,俄罗斯联邦和英国是20092011年吸引外资最佳的六个国家)。在2010年,被认为流入可能会整体削弱的年份,寻求开拓中国市场的外国直接投资仍被期望保持强劲势头。市场的迅速增长,市场规模和廉价的劳动力是中国经常提到主要内容。但中国也有进入区域市场的劣势,比如技术和人才,供应商,自然资源和资本市场。二、外国直接投资主要流入到中国制造在中国投资最多的十大国家/地区包括香港53993亿美元,中国台湾(6563亿美元),日本(4117亿美元),新加坡(3886亿美元),韩国2703亿美元,英国1469亿美元,德国1227亿
43、美元,澳门100亿美元),加拿大959亿美元。在中国投资最多的十大国家/地区占到实际外资金额883。目前,75的外商直接投资流入了制造业和房地产。结果表明,以市场为导向的外国直接投资占中国外商直接投资的制造行业的大部分,并在过去几年超过出口导向的FDI增长速度。这表明海外华人在以出口为导向的投资中比外国投资者更多。中国2008年的外国投资流入量按行业分(十亿)行业总价值制造业499房地产业186租赁和商业服务51批发零售44运输,仓储和邮政服务29信息传播、计算机服务和软件28电、气、水的供给和生产17科普研究、技术服务和地质勘查15农业、林业、畜牧业和渔业12来源2009年中国统计年鉴三、中
44、国的外国直接投资政策应当顺应全球产业分工的发展趋势国际产业分工不断深化,商品和服务贸易、资金、技术和生产要素跨国界自由流动。与此同时,先进国家在国际上网络了外商投资的跨国企业。在多个国家,其产业链布局更倾向于增加价值,即综合全部资金、技术、通讯、管理理论和人力资源的培养。世界市场的竞争与整合生产将成为一种常见的趋势。为了抵制经济全球化,全球上几乎所有的经济正在形成规格的工业链,并形成复杂的工业网络。中国应采取全球化的观点来吸引外资融入全球经济,并利用国际资源提高竞争力。中国应该调整外国直接投资政策以符合发展全球产业分工的发展趋势。四、中国应该进一步开放服务业,并引导外商直接投资流入第三产业服务
45、业跨国转移导致新一波的国际产业转移。服务行业,外国直接投资和跨国外包成为产业转移的主要途径。前5000的公司按部门和行业分(百分比)部门/产业公司数量(占总量的百分比)外国资产(占总量的百分比)国际化比率初级产业5089434制造业596574359服务业354338339来源联合国贸易和发展会议调查在各地区,外国直接投资的方向已转移到服务业部门,服务行业的外国直接投资业有所增加。特别是在通讯、电力和零售贸易领域。FDI在初级产业和服务业的投资前景比制造业更好。中国应该利用这个趋向、指导外国直接投资,扶持发展服务业领域。五、改善外商投资企业的技术溢出效率外国直接投资的技术溢出效率的程度取决于国
46、内政策与制度的收益质量,特别是外国直接投资政策。这些政策包括技术扩散水平;人力资本水平,受资国的技术水平以及和外国公司所用技术的接近程度。贸易政策及金融发展也会影响FDI技术溢出效率。针对投资者在这方面,需要在与其相关企业和企业战略方面识别主体。优越的技术以及市场推广和管理实践,外国公司经常使用的技术传输到国内企业要么通过观察,要么由国内企业雇佣外国公司训练有素的工人。外商直接投资的溢出效应大于低技术与高科技之间的差距。然而,贸易导致技术外溢效应的结果支持了技术差距理论的学习和技术的适当导入。中国应该有更好的知识产权以保护国外技术溢出效应。跨国公司更希望投资于这样的地区包括有更好的保护知识产权
47、的力度,政府低程度的干预商业运作,低水平的政府腐败,以及更好的合同执行力。外国直接投资本身并不能使其产能发展;注重国内公司和外国附属子公司之间质量关系这是非常重要的。这种是一种重要的管道,无形的,有形资产可以通过在国内企业联系。东道国政府可以推出多项措施,鼓励国内供应商和外国子公司和加强在信息,技术和培训等领域的外溢的可能性之间的联系。利用外资的重点不是钱,而是技术。重点不应放在劳动密集型和资源加工,以及出口为导向的相对低技术制造生产上。引进外资还应注重引进国外先进的环保技术的引进吸收国外先进的生产技术和绿色生产工艺,提高资源利用效率,促进落实环保措施,实现中国经济的可持续发展。六、利用外国直
48、接投资促进区域协调平衡发展制定政策的出发点来优化外商直接投资是根据一个国家的基本地位,比较优势和开发的创新目标。这有助于评估什么样的外国直接投资能被吸引以及其潜力大小和实际上可能带来的流动。投资政策需要考虑在其经济禀赋方面的独特情况,包括潜力和前景,地点。中国的外国直接投资政策优惠普遍青睐的沿海省份,这导致了外国直接投资明显的地区差异。自1992年以来,中国政府推行了一系列的政策,以减少外国直接投资的地区差异,在西部和中部省份发展外国直接投资的多样化。随着在2000中国推出的西部大开发战略年和2004年中部崛起战略,投资地点的选择已扩大到内陆地区。在中国内陆,如自然资源和低廉的劳动力成本,并非
49、是确定外国直接投资地点的重要因素了。相反,政策激励和产业集聚是最重要的因素。在中国,我们常常可以看到沿海和内陆地区明显的收入差距和经济机遇差距。外国直接投资的溢出效应和移民对地区收入不平等的影响进行了研究。沿海地区的由外国直接投资驱动的劳动密集型的加工型出口引起了内陆地区的有效资源相对流动,但给他们提供的只有有限的增长。所有这些都加剧了内陆地区的落后。看来中国正在寻求鼓励跨国企业建立中部,西部和东北地区总部,外商投资的好处将超过中国相对富裕的沿海地区。七、构建战略性产业外商投资审查机制2006年11月,国家发改委公布了对外国投资的五年计划,该计划承诺更好地利用外资的审查。该计划要求为“根本转变”,控管外国投资数量向品质转变,从2006年至2010年期间实现。国家的焦点从支撑国内资本和外汇短缺改变为,管理经验,引进先进技术和人才。此外,将更关注生态环境和能源效率。该计划还要求加强对外国企业的税收监管,旨在限制外国公司的“读”企业,以防止出现外资垄断或扩大,以保护国家经济安全和防止“知识产权滥用”。导师评语签字年月日