1、Copyright & Education版權與教學,Karine Lai, Solicitor (Registration)Intellectual Property Department http:/www.ipd.gov.hk/20 June 2013 2013 HKSAR Government,Objective目標,To understand the basic concept of copyright, particularly in the context of education 瞭解版權(特別在教育範疇)的基本概念,Background背景,Copyright protect
2、ion began on 1.7.1912版權保護始於1912年7月1日Localised, comprehensive and modernised copyright law came into operation on 27.6.1997本地化及全面現代化的版權條例於1997年6月27日生效,What is Copyright?何謂版權?,Private property right 私產權 Copyright - (exclusive) right to copy 版權 - 專有複製權 Protects creativity expressed in a “recorded form”
3、 (works) but not mere ideas 保障創作表達形式(作品)，並非意念HKSAR - open qualification protection system香港特區 - 開放保護制度No formalities (e.g. registration) required 毋須註冊,Copyright Works(1)版權作品(一),*Including works on the internet 包括互聯網上的作品*,Copyright Works(2)版權作品(二),Copyright Duration(1) 版權期限(一),Copyright Duration(2) 版
4、權期限(二),Ownership 擁有權,Author - first owner (subject to provisions in the Copyright Ordinance) 作者 - 第一擁有人 （版權條例另有規定除外）Works of joint authorship 合作作品Employee works - the employer is the 1st copyright owner subject to agreement to the contrary 僱員作品 - 僱主為版權第一擁有人(除協議有相反規定外)Commissioned works subject to pa
5、rties agreement 委託作品 - (協議規定) * Copyright can be licensed / assigned to another party 版權可特許/轉讓予他人*,Restricted acts (1)受版權所限制的作為(一),(1) Copying the work 複製作品(2) Issuing copies to the Public 向公眾發放複製品(3) Perform the work in public 公開表演作品(4) Renting copies to the public 租賃複製品予公眾 (5)Adaptation of the wor
6、k 改編作品(6) Making copies available to the public by wire/wireless means (e.g. internet) 藉有線或無線的方式(如互聯網)向公眾提供複製品(7) Broadcasting the work/Inclusion of the work in a cable programme service 廣播、有線傳播作品,Restricted acts (2)受版權所限制的作為(二),Including acts by electronic means包括以電子方式進行的限制作為 Examples 例如：“Copying”
7、includes :“複製”包括: Copying by hand or reprographic means 手抄或翻印 fax, scan, download to hard disk, print 傳真、掃描、下載至硬磁碟、列印,What portion of copying = Infringement ?採用多少才算侵權 ?,In whole or substantial part 整項作品或實質部份No prescribed % 沒有規定的比例 Quality & Quantity 質與量,Copyright Infringement侵犯版權,without the licence
8、* of the copyright owner 未獲版權擁有人的特許*does, or authorizes anyone to do, any of the acts restricted by the copyright 自行或授權他人作出任何受版權所限制的作為not acts permitted by laws不屬法例允許的行為* a licence by the copyright owner/s agent (e.g. licensing body)*版權擁有人其代理人或特許機構授予特許,Secondary infringement間接侵權,在知情下或有理由相信複製品是侵犯版權複製
9、品 -Knowingly or having reason to believe a copy is infringing copy of work -(1) importing, exporting, possessing, selling, letting for hire, exhibiting or distributing infringing copies in trade or business 進口、出口、於業務過程中管有、出售、出租、公開陳列或分發侵權品(2) providing means for making infringing copies 提供製造侵權複製品的方法,
10、Infringement Liability侵權的法律責任,(1) Civil liability民事法律責任(2) Criminal liability 刑事法律責任,Criminal offences 刑事罪行,Including 包括:-Making for sale or hire an infringing copy 製作侵權複製品以作出售或出租之用Selling or letting for hire an infringing copy for the purpose of or in the course of any trade or business 為任何貿易或業務的目的
11、或在任何貿易或業務的過程中，出售或出租侵權複製品Distributing an infringing copy for the purpose of or in the course of any trade or business which consists of dealing in infringing copies 為任何包含經銷侵權複製品的貿易或業務的目的或在任何該等貿易或業務的過程中，分發侵權複製品Distributing an infringing copy to such an extent as to affect prejudicially the copyright o
12、wner 分發侵權複製品達到損害版權擁有人的權利的程度,Statutory permitted acts (1) 法定允許行為 (一),A. Primary consideration - 基本考慮因素(1) Do not conflict with normal exploitation of work by copyright owner 沒有抵觸版權人正常利用作品 (2) Do not unreasonably prejudice legitimate interest of copyright owner 沒有不合理地損害版權人的合法權益(s.37),Statutory permitt
13、ed acts (2)法定允許行為 (二),B. Specific Purposes 特定目的Examples 例子 research & private study (fair dealing) 研究及私人研習 (公平處理) criticism & review (fair dealing) 批評、評論 (公平處理) education 教育 public administration 公共行政,Statutory permitted acts Research & private study - fair dealing 法定允許行為: 研究及私人研習 公平處理,Whether any d
14、ealing is fair depends on all the circumstances, particularly -處理是否公平須考慮整體情況 ，尤其 - (1) The purpose and nature of the dealing, including whether such dealing is of a commercial nature or is for non-profit making purpose - 處理的目的及性質，包括是否屬商業性質或是為非牟利的目的而處理該作品(2) The nature of the work - 作品的性質(3) The amou
15、nt and substantiality of the portion dealt with in relation to the work as a whole - 就作品的整項而言，處理的部分所佔的數量及實質分量 (4) The effect of the dealing upon the potential market for or value of the work - 有關處理作為對該作品的潛在市場或價值的影響 (s.38(3),Statutory permitted acts Criticism, Review & news reporting法定允許行為: 批評、評論及新聞報
16、道,- Fair dealing 公平處理- Sufficient acknowledgement* 足夠的確認聲明* * Except for reporting of current events by means of a sound recording, film, broadcast or cable programme 藉聲音紀錄、影片、廣播或有線傳播節目報導時事除外(s.39),Statutory permitted acts Education(1):For purposes of instruction法定允許行為: 教育(一)：為教學目的,Copying by teache
17、rs or students in the course of instructions or preparation for instruction 老師或學生在教學或教學準備過程中複製 To a reasonable extent 在合理範圍內Not by reprographic means 不能藉翻印複製(s.41),Statutory permitted acts Education(2): For purposes of examination法定允許行為 - 教育(二)：為考試目的,Setting of questions or answering of questions擬出試
18、題或解答試題Reprographic process allowed except for making reprographic copy of a musical work for use by a candidate in performing the work 容許複印程序(不適用製作音樂作品的翻印複製品供考生表演該作品之用) (s.41),Statutory permitted acts Education(3): Educational establishments (performance)法定允許行為 - 教育(三)：教育機構 (表演),Performance by teach
19、er(s) or pupil(s) in the course of the activities of the establishment 在教育機構的活動過程中由教師或學生表演literary, dramatic or musical work 文學、戲劇或音樂作品Audience - wholly or mainly teachers, pupils, parents/guardians of pupils, other persons directly connected with the activities 包括或主要包括觀眾 - 學生、教師、學生父母/監護人、與活動有直接關連人士
20、(s.43),Statutory permitted acts Education(4):Educational establishments (playing/showing of work) 法定允許行為 - 教育(四)：教育機構 (播放/放映),For purposes of giving or receiving instruction 為教學或接受教學的目的Playing/showing sound recording, film, broadcast, cable programmes放映聲音紀錄、影片 、廣播、有線傳播節目 Audience - wholly or mainly
21、teachers, pupils, parents/guardians of pupils, other persons directly connected with the activities 包括或主要包括觀眾 - 學生、教師、學生父母/監護人、與活動有關連人士(s.43),Statutory permitted acts Education(5):Recording of broadcasts or cable programmes by educational establishments法定允許行為 - 教育(五)：教育機構製作廣播或有線傳播節目的紀錄,Educational p
22、urpose 為教育目的Acknowledgement of authorship 確認作者聲明Not for gain 非圖利Not applicable if authorization for recording or copying available under licensing schemes 若有特許計劃授權記錄或複製，不適用(s.44),Statutory permitted acts Education(6):Educational Establishments (Reprographic copying)法定允許行為 - 教育(六)：教育機構(翻印複製),By educa
23、tional establishments for purposes of giving instruction 教育機構 為教學目的By pupils for the purposes of receiving instructions in a specified course of study provided by an educational establishment 學生為在教育機構提供的指明課程中接受教學的目的Reasonable extent 合理範圍Artistic works or of passages from published literary, dramatic
24、 or musical works 藝術作品或已發表的文學作品、戲劇作品或音樂作品的片段Not applicable if authorization for copying available under licensing schemes 若有特許計劃授權複製，不適用(s.45),Major Licensing Bodies Music Industry主要特許機構 (1) - 音樂業界,The Composers and Authors Society of Hong Kong Ltd. (CASH) 香港作曲家及作詞家協會 http:/www.cash.org.hk/ Phonogra
25、phic Performance (South East Asia) Ltd 香港音像版權有限公司 http:/ Hong Kong Recording Industry Alliance Ltd. 香港音像聯盟有限公司 http:/ Licensing Bodies Publication Industry主要特許機構 (2) - 出版業界,Hong Kong Reprographic Rights Licensing Society (HKRRLS) 香港版權影印授權協會有限公司 http:/www.hkrrls.org/ The Hong Kong Copyright Licensing
26、 Association Limited (HKCLA) 香港複印授權協會有限公司 http:/www.hkcla.org.hk/,Statutory permitted acts - Education(7)Fair dealing for purposes of giving or receiving instruction法定允許行為 - 教育(七)：為教學或接受教學的目的而作的公平處理,Fair dealing with a work for the purposes of giving or receiving instruction in a specified course of
27、 study provided by an educational establishment does not infringe copyright in the work在教授或修讀教育機構開辦的指明課程中 為教授或修讀這些課程的目的公平處理某作品，不屬侵犯版權(s.41A),What is “specified course of study”?什麼是指明課程？,Specified course of study - 指明課程course of study developed on the basis of curriculum guidelines issued/endorsed by
28、 Curriculum Development Council; or 根據課程發展議會發出或審批的課程指引而發展的研習課程；或course of study consisting of assessment of students competence in the area covered by the course and leading to award of qualification 包含對學員在有關課程所涵蓋的範圍內的能力的評核而令學員獲授予任何資格的研習課程,What is “Fair dealing”? 什麼是公平處理？,Whether any dealing is fair
29、 depends on all the circumstances, particularly -處理是否公平須考慮整體情況 ，尤其 - (1) The purpose and nature of the dealing, including whether such dealing is of a commercial nature or is for non-profit making purpose 處理的目的及性質，包括是否屬商業性質或是為非牟利的目的而處理該作品(2) The nature of the work 作品的性質(3) The amount and substantial
30、ity of the portion dealt with in relation to the work as a whole 就作品的整項而言，處理的部分所佔的數量及實質分量 (4) The effect of the dealing upon the potential market for or value of the work 有關處理作為對該作品的潛在市場或價值的影響,Points to be noted when using “fair dealing” exemption (1)使用公平處理須注意事項 (一),If dealing involves making availa
31、ble of copyright work through Intranet ofeducational establishment - 如處理涉及透過學校的內聯網提供版權作品 Must adopt technological measures to restrict access to the work to 必須採用科技措施，限制可取用作品的人士 ：persons who give or receive instruction in specified course of study 在有關指明課程中教學或接受教學的人persons who maintain or manage the n
32、etwork 維持或管理該網絡的人Work should not be stored in the network for a period longer than is necessary for the purposes of giving or receiving instruction in the specified course of study, in any event, no longer than 12 consecutive months 作品備存於學校網絡系統的時間，不應超過為教學或接受教學的目的而需要保留的期間，在任何情況下，不得超過連續12個月,Points to
33、be noted when using “fair dealing” exemption (2)使用公平處理須注意事項 (二),If dealing involves the inclusion of any passage/excerpt from published literary or dramatic work in anthology, sufficient acknowledgment is required. 凡處理涉及在選集中收錄已發表的文學作品或戲劇作品的任何片段或摘錄 ，則必須 附有足夠的確認聲明If dealing involves the recording of broadcast or cable programme, acknowledgment of authorship or other creative effort is required 凡處理涉及錄製任何廣播或有線傳播節目 ，則必須載有確認作者或被記錄的作品所蘊含的其他創作努力的聲明,Reference參考資料,Website of Intellectual Property Department 知識產權署網頁 www.ipd.gov.hk Hotline 查詢熱線 2961 6901,Thank you! 謝 謝!,
