1、本科毕业论文外文翻译外文题目MATERIALOWSOFENDOFLIFEHOMEAPPLIANCESINJAPAN出处MATERCYCLESWASTEMANAG作者SHINSUKEMURAKAMIATSUSHITERAZONONAOYA原文MATERIALOWSOFENDOFLIFEHOMEAPPLIANCESINJAPANABSTRACTINJAPAN,THELAWFORTHERECYCLINGOFSPECIFIEDKINDSOFHOMEAPPLIANCESCAMEINTOEFFECTINAPRIL2001THISLAWAIMSTOINTRODUCEAPPROPRIATEWASTETREAT
2、MENTANDPROMOTETHEEFFICIENTUSEOFRESOURCESSOTHATWECANACHIEVEASOUNDMATERIALCYCLESOCIETYTHELAWINTRODUCESANEWFRAMEWORKFORRECYCLINGTHATPLACESOBLIGATIONSPRINCIPALLYONTHEMANUFACTURERSANDRETAILERSOFHOMEAPPLIANCESMATERIALFLOWANALYSISOFTHISNEWFRAMEWORKISESSENTIALFOREVALUATIONOFTHESYSTEMANDFORFINDINGANYPROBLEMS
3、THATMAYEXISTWETHEREFOREANALYZEDTHEMATERIALFLOWSINFACILITIESTHATRECYCLEELECTRICALHOMEAPPLIANCESTHEMASSBALANCESINTHERECYCLINGFACILITIESWEREAPPROPRIATELYESTIMATEDTHENTHEPOTENTIALDESTINATIONSWERESURVEYEDANDANALYZED,EVENTHOUGHTHELEGALFRAMEWORKDOESNOTINCLUDEFLOWSAFTERTHERECYCLINGFACILITIESTHEPOTENTIALDEST
4、INATIONAFTERTHEFACILITIESVARIESANDDEPENDSONBOTHTHEECONOMYANDTHERELATEDREGULATIONSCURRENTLY,CONSIDERABLEAMOUNTSOFRECOVEREDMATERIALSAREEXPORTEDANDRECYCLEDHOWEVER,THESUSTAINABILITYOFTHESETRADESISUNKNOWNTHEREFORE,WESHOULDKEEPACLOSEEYEONTHESITUATIONANDMAKESURETHATOURRECYCLINGSYSTEMISADAPTABLETOMEETANYFUT
5、URECHANGESSYSTEMFORRECYCLINGOFEOLHOMEAPPLIANCESTHELAWFORTHERECYCLINGOFSPECIFIEDKINDSOFHOMEAPPLIANCESTHELAWWASENACTEDINJUNE1998ANDCAMEINTOEFFECTINAPRIL2001THEFRAMEWORKOFTHELAWWASDESIGNEDPRINCIPALLYTOPLACEANOBLIGATIONONMANUFACTURERSANDRETAILERS,WHEREASTHERECYCLINGFEEITSELFWASTOBEPAIDBYTHECONSUMERATTHE
6、TIMEOFDISPOSALACCORDINGTOTHEFRAMEWORK,THECONSUMERTAKESTHEEOLHOMEAPPLIANCETOTHERETAILERANDPAYSARECYCLINGFEEANDATRANSFERFEETHERETAILERTHENTAKESTHEEOLHOMEAPPLIANCETOADESIGNATEDCOLLECTIONSITEFINALLY,THEAPPLIANCEISTRANSFERREDTOTHERECYCLINGFACILITYANDRECYCLEDTASAKIETAL1ANALYZEDTHEEFFECTIVENESSOFTHISLEGISL
7、ATIVESYSTEMFROMFOURVIEWPOINTSTHEACHIEVEMENTOFMATERIALCYCLES,COSTEFFICIENCYANDMONETARYFLOWS,THEBOUNDARYWITHINOROUTSIDETHESCOPEOFTHERECYCLINGSYSTEM,ANDTHEBEHAVIORALCHANGESOFSTAKEHOLDERSTHEIRSTUDYPROVEDTHESYSTEMTOBECERTAINLYEFFECTIVE,ESPECIALLYINTERMSOFRECYCLINGRATESHOWEVER,THEYALSOPOINTEDOUTTHATTHESYS
8、TEMHASSOMESHORTCOMINGSMANUFACTURERSAREOBLIGEDTOFULFILLTHEREQUIREMENTOFACHIEVINGTHERECYCLINGRATE,WHICHISDEFINEDASTHEWEIGHTOFTHERECOVEREDMATERIALSDIVIDEDBYTHEWEIGHTOFPROCESSEDEOLAPPLIANCESCURRENTLY,AIRCONDITIONERS,TVSETSCRTONLY,REFRIGERATORS,ANDWASHINGMACHINESAREWITHINTHESCOPEOFTHERECYCLINGSYSTEM,ANDT
9、HEREQUIREDRECYCLINGRATESARE60,55,50,AND50,RESPECTIVELYREFRIGERANTCHOLOROFLUOROCARBONSCFCSRECOVERYFROMAIRCONDITIONERSANDREFRIGERATORSISALSOREQUIREDSINCEAPRIL2004,CFCSFROMINSULATIONHAVEALSOBEENREQUIREDTOBERECOVEREDRECYCLINGANDTRANSFERFEESAREDECIDEDBYTHEMANUFACTURERSANDRETAILERSRECYCLINGFACILITIESINRES
10、PONSETOTHEESTABLISHMENTOFTHEHOMEAPPLIANCESRECYCLINGLAW,MANUFACTURERSFORMEDTWOGROUPSAGROUPANDBGROUPTHATSHAREDCOMMONFACILITIESTOINCREASETHEEFFICIENCYOFRECYCLING,INSTEADOFHAVINGINDIVIDUALFACILITIESTHEREASONWHYTWOGROUPSWEREFORMEDISNOTCERTAINTWOREASONSHAVECOMMONLYBEENPROPOUNDEDTHEFIRSTISTHEPOLICYOFTHEMIN
11、ISTRYOFECONOMY,TRADEANDINDUSTRYMETITOPROMOTEFAIRCOMPETITION,ASMENTIONEDBYYOSHIDA2ASAGENERALDISCUSSIONABOUTCOMPETITIONINTHERECYCLINGMARKET,THEFAIRTRADECOMMISSIONOFJAPANISSUEDGUIDELINESIN20013ANOTHERPOSSIBLEREASONISADIFFERENCEINPHILOSOPHIES,ASWASMENTIONEDINTHERESEARCHREPORTOFTHEECONOMICANDINDUSTRIALRE
12、SEARCHDEPARTMENT,DEVELOPMENTBANKOFJAPAN4AGROUPMANUFACTURERSTRIEDTOUTILIZETHEFACILITIESOFEXISTINGRECYCLINGINDUSTRIESANDTHUSMINIMIZETHEIRCOSTSASMUCHASPOSSIBLE,WHEREASBGROUPMANUFACTURERSTRIEDTOBUILDNEWFACILITIESSPECIFICALLYDESIGNEDFORHOMEAPPLIANCERECYCLINGANDTOREDUCETHECOSTSOFTHETOTALRECYCLINGSYSTEMBYC
13、OMBININGTOGETHERFOREFFICIENTSUPPLYCHAINMANAGEMENTTHESERECYCLINGFACILITIESAREBASICALLYINDEPENDENTBUSINESSENTITIES,EVENTHOUGHTHEYUSUALLYHAVEFINANCIALRELATIONSHIPSWITHMANUFACTURERSACCORDINGTOMETI,THEREWERE44HOMEAPPLIANCERECYCLINGFACILITIESOPERATINGINJAPANATTHEBEGINNINGOFFY2005THEDETAILSOFTHEPROCESSESVA
14、RYAMONGFACILITIESPREVIOUSSTUDIESSUCHASTHOSEOFTHEDEVELOPMENTBANKOFJAPAN4ORMATSUTOETAL5HAVECLASSIFIEDFACILITIESBYMANUFACTURERGROUP,NAMELYAGROUPORBGROUPHOWEVER,INLIGHTOFTHEFACTTHATTHEPRIMARYPURPOSEOFOURSTUDYWASMATERIALFLOWANALYSIS,THISCATEGORIZATIONWOULDNOTHAVEBEENADEQUATEIFTHEREHADBEENDIFFERENCESINTHE
15、OUTPUTSOFDIFFERENTFACILITIESINTHESAMEGROUPTHEREFORE,WETRIEDTOCLASSIFYTHESEFACILITIESBYPROCESSESBYOURINTERVIEWSURVEYSIN2003,WEWEREABLETOCLASSIFYALLTHEFACILITIESINTOTHREECATEGORIESBYTHEPROCESSESTHATTHEYUSEDASMENTIONED,AGROUPMANUFACTURERSTRIEDTOUTILIZEEXISTINGWASTEDISPOSALBUSINESSESASMUCHASPOSSIBLEMOST
16、OFTHESEEXISTINGBUSINESSESHADSHREDDINGMACHINESINTHISTYPEOFFACILITY,EOLAPPLIANCESARESHREDDEDAFTERTHEREQUIREDTREATMENT,INCLUDINGMANUALDISMANTLING,ANDARETHENINTENSIVELYRECOVEREDFROMTHESHREDDEDSCRAPSTHEREFORE,THEMAINMATERIALRECOVEREDFROMTHESEAGROUPFACILITIESISSHREDDEDMETALSCRAPSWECATEGORIZETHESEFACILITIE
17、SAS“SHREDDINGFIRSTANDTHENRECOVERY”TYPESRFACILITIESTHEREWASALSOANOTHERTYPEOFEXISTINGFACILITY,ALTHOUGHTHENUMBEROFSUCHFACILITIESWASSMALLACCORDINGTOOURSURVEY,FIVEFACILITIESBELONGINGTOTHEAGROUPDIDNOTHAVESHREDDINGMACHINESINTHESEFACILITIES,EOLAPPLIANCESAREMANUALLYDISMANTLEDBUTNEVERSHREDDEDHENCE,THEOUTPUTSF
18、ROMTHESEFACILITIESAREONLYUNSHREDDEDPARTSANDWASTESCONSIDERINGTHEDIFFERENCEINOUTPUTOFTHISTYPEOFFACILITYCOMPAREDWITHTHATOFTHESRTYPE,WENEEDEDTOCLEARLYDISTINGUISHTHISTYPEAMONGTHEAGROUPFACILITIESTHESEFACILITIESWERETHEREFOREGROUPEDASTHE“RECOVERYWITHOUTSHREDDING”TYPERWOSFACILITIESPREVIOUSSTUDIES4,5DIDNOTCON
19、SIDERTHISLASTTYPEOFFACILITYINDEPENDENTLYINCONTRAST,BGROUPMANUFACTURERSHAVEBUILTNEWFACILITIESEXCLUSIVELYDESIGNEDFOREOLHOMEAPPLIANCEDISMANTLINGSRFACILITIESTRYTOACHIEVEHIGHERRECYCLINGRATIOSBYINTENSIVESEPARATIONAFTERTHESHREDDINGPROCESS,BUTTHESEBGROUPFACILITIESUSUALLYTRYTOMANUALLYDISMANTLEANDRECOVERTHEPA
20、RTSBEFORESHREDDINGWETHEREFORECALLEDTHESE“RECOVERYFIRSTANDTHENSHREDDING”RSFACILITIESMAINLYINRESPONSETOMARKETCONDITIONS,THEDIFFERENCESBETWEENSRANDRSFACILITIESHAVENARROWEDBUTARESTILLNOTNEGLIGIBLE,ESPECIALLYWHENWECONSIDERTHENEXTSTAGEOFRECYCLINGDETAILSOFTHEFLOWSAFTERMATERIALSLEAVETHERECYCLINGFACILITIESWI
21、LLBEDISCUSSEDINTHEFOLLOWINGSECTIONSTHEPROCESSESUSEDINALLTHREETYPESOFFACILITYARESHOWNFIG1,ANDALLINCLUDETHEPROCESSOFDISMANTLINGFORRECOVYOFCFCS,SINCETHISISREQUIREDTABLE1SUMMARIZESTHESULTSOFOURINTERVIEWSURVEYSOFTHEOUTPUTSFROMALLTHREEPESOFFACILITY,CLARIFYINGTHEDIFFERENCESAMONGTHETHREEPESINDETAILTHEDENITI
22、ONOFVALUABLEANDNONVALUABLEMSHADCHANGEDSINCEOURSURVEYSWERECARRIEDOUTIN2002THEDENITIONWASTHEREFOREADJUSTEDWITHTHEADDITIONOFNEWINFORMATIONACQUIREDINADDITIONALINTERVIEWSASCANBESEENFROMTHETABLE,THEREWASLITTLEDIFFERENCEBETWEENTHERWOSANDRSPROCESSESONTHEOTHERHAND,THESRPROCESSWASNOTSIMILARTOEITHEROFTHEOTHERT
23、WOSRFACILITIESRECOVERLESSTHANHALFTHENUMBEROFDIFFERENTTYPESOFPARTSCOMPAREDWITHTHEOTHERTWOTYPESOFFACILITIESHOWEVER,THISDOESNOTNECESSARILYMEANTHATTHISTYPEOFRECYCLINGRECOVERSLESSOVERALLTHISCANBEEVALUATEDONLYAFTERWEKNOWTHEOWSOFTHENEXTSTAGEOFTHERECYCLINGSYSTEMTHEYIELDRATIOOFTHESEPARATIONPROCESSESAFTERCRUS
24、HINGCANALSOAFFECTTHEEVALUATIONANDCANCHANGEDEPENDINGONTHESITUATIONACCORDINGTOOURSURVEYS,THERECENTHIGHPRICESOFSCRAPHAVELEDSRFACILITIESTOINCREASETHEYIELDRATIOOFTHEIRSEPARATIONPROCESSES,EVENTHOUGHTHISMEANSANINCREASEINPROCESSINGCOSTSTHEMANUFACTURERSOBLIGATIONISCOMPLETEDATTHERECYCLINGFACILITYSTAGE,ASMENTI
25、ONEDINTHEPREVIOUSSECTIONHOWEVER,UNLESSTHEOUTPUTSFROMTHESEFACILITIESARECOMPLETELYPROCESSEDBYTHERECYCLINGINDUSTRIES,THEMATERIALSORPARTSCANNOTBEFULLYRECOVEREDTHEREFORE,WESURVEYEDTHEMATERIALOWSTHATOCCURREDAFTERTHEAPPLIANCESHADBEENTHROUGHTHEFACILITIESTHEDETAILSAREGIVENINTHESECTIONENTITLEDMATERIALOWSAFTER
26、LEAVINGTHERECYCLINGFACILITYMATERIALBALANCEINRECYCLINGFACILITIESNUMBEROFAPPLIANCESPROCESSEDBYEACHTYPEOFFACILITYASMENTIONEDABOVE,WEPERFORMEDINTERVIEWSTODETERMINETHEPROCESSESUSEDBYEACHFACILITYANDTHENCLASSIEDALLTHEFACILITIESINTOTHREETYPESATTHESAMETIME,WEESTIMATEDTHENUMBEROFAPPLIANCESPROCESSEDBYEACHTYPEO
27、FFACILITYTHEESTIMATIONMETHODOLOGYWASBASICALLYINTERVIEWSANDINFORMATIONDISCLOSEDONTHEMANUFACTURERSANDRECYCLINGRMSWEBSITESBECAUSEWESTARTEDOURSURVEYIN2003,THEESTIMATESGIVENHEREAREFORFY2002THERESULTSARESHOWNINTABLE2THERSFACILITIESACCOUNTEDFORABOUTTWOTHIRDSOFTHETOTALNUMBEROFAPPLIANCESPROCESSEDINTHEYEARCON
28、SIDERINGTHATRSFACILITIESWERENEWLYBUILTEXCLUSIVELYFORHOMEAPPLIANCERECYCLING,ITWASNOTSURPRISINGTHATALLRSFACILITIESPROCESSEDALLFOURTYPESOFAPPLIANCEONTHEOTHERHAND,NOTALLSRANDRWOSFACILITIESPROCESSEDALLFOURAPPLIANCETYPESRWOSFACILITIESPROCESSEDALIMITEDNUMBEROFAPPLIANCES,ANDTHEREWEREONLYVESUCHFACILITIESTHER
29、EFORE,TODETERMINETHEAGGREGATEDMATERIALOWSINHOMEAPPLIANCERECYCLING,ITWASIMPORTANTFORUSTOKNOWTHEMASSBALANCESINTHESRANDRSFACILITIESUNITMASSBALANCESINRECYCLINGFACILITIESITISGENERALLYDIFCULTTOOBTAINMASSBALANCEINFORMATIONATRECYCLINGFACILITIESBECAUSEOFTHECONDENTIALNATUREOFTHISINFORMATION,ANDTHEREHAVEBEENVE
30、RYFEWPREVIOUSSTUDIESEXAMPLESARETHOSEOFMATSUTOETAL5ANDAEHA6MATSUTOETALPERFORMEDAMATERIALOWANALYSISOFHOMEAPPLIANCERECYCLINGFACILITIESANDALSOWEIGHEDSOMEOFTHEPARTSATANRSFACILITYALTHOUGHTHEIRWEIGHTDATAFORPARTSARENOTASDETAILEDASOURS,THEYDIDESTIMATEHEAVYMETALBALANCESAEHA6REPORTEDONAPILOTHOMEAPPLIANCERECYCL
31、INGPLANTSETUPBEFORETHELAWCAMEINTOEFFECTTHISREPORTOFFERSWEIGHTDATAONDISMANTLEDPARTSANDSCRAPFORTUNATELY,WEHADACCESSTOTHEDATAFROMONERECYCLINGFACILITYTHATALLOWEDUSTOOBTAINITSMASSBALANCESBYWEIGHINGTHEFACILITYSPROCESSWASCATEGORIZEDASRSTYPEMASSBALANCEDATAWERECOLLECTEDINNOVEMBER2004,AND20APPLIANCESOFEACHOFT
32、HEFOURTYPESWEREPROCESSEDANDWEIGHEDALTHOUGHWEOBTAINEDMOSTOFTHEOUTPUTWEIGHTSFOREACHPARTANDMATERIAL,WEDIDNOTHAVEACCESSTOTHEWEIGHTSOFSOMESPECICOUTPUTS,ESPECIALLYTHOSEOFDUST,BECAUSEOFTRADESECRETSTHEREFORE,WEESTIMATEDTHESEINACCESSIBLEWEIGHTSTHROUGHINTERVIEWSANDLITERATURESURVEYSBYCOMBININGTHEMASSBALANCESFR
33、OMTHISEXPERIMENTANDTHEESTIMATEDAVERAGEWEIGHTSOFINDIVIDUALPARTS,WEWEREABLETOESTIMATETHEMASSBALANCESOFTHEOTHERTWOTYPESOFFACILITYTHEREFORE,ACQUIREDBALANCESAREFORFY2004CONCLUSIONWEHAVEPORTRAYEDHEREAPICTUREOFTHERECYCLINGOFEOLHOMEAPPLIANCESWEHAVEESTIMATEDTHEMATERIALBALANCESINJAPANESERECYCLINGFACILITIESAND
34、HAVESURVEYEDPOSSIBLEROUTESFORAFTERFACILITYMATERIALOWSWEFOUNDTHATTHESEFACILITIESSHOULDBECLASSIEDINTOTHREETYPES,RATHERTHANTHETWOTYPESOFTENCITEDINPREVIOUSLITERATURETHEMATERIALBALANCESOFTHESETHREETYPESOFFACILITYDONOTDIFFERGREATLYTHEPRINCIPALDIFFERENCEISINTHEPROCESSESOCCURRINGAFTERTHEMATERIALSLEAVETHEREC
35、YCLINGFACILITIESTHEEFFECTIVENESSOFARECYCLINGSYSTEMINTERMSOFPHYSICALAMOUNTSSHOULDBEANALYZEDONTHEBASISOFNOTONLYTHEPROCESSESUSEDATTHERECYCLINGFACILITYBUTALSOTHEPROCESSESTHATOCCURAFTERTHEMATERIALHASLEFTTHEFACILITYTHESELATTERPROCESSESOFTENOCCUROUTSIDEJAPAN,ANDITISOFTENHARDTOASCERTAINTHEMATERIALBALANCESOF
36、FOREIGNPROCESSESOURINTERVIEWSREVEALEDTHATTHESEPARATIONPROCESSESUSEDINTHESEIMPORTINGCOUNTRIESAREEVENBETTERTHANTHOSEUSEDINJAPAN,BECAUSETHEYCANUTILIZECHEAPLABORHOWEVER,THESUSTAINABILITYOFTHESETRADESISUNKNOWN,BECAUSETHEREISMUCHDEBATEFROMTWOVIEWPOINTSTHEAPPROPRIATETREATMENTOFHAZARDOUSCONTENTS,ANDNATURALR
37、ESOURCEPOLICIESINRELATIONTOSCARCITYTHEREFORE,WENEEDTOKEEPACLOSEEYEONTHESITUATIONANDMAKESURETHATOURRECYCLINGSYSTEMISABLETOADAPTTOMEETANYCHANGESINTHESESITUATIONS译文日本废旧家电的物流管理摘要在日本，资源回收各种家用电器法律于2001年4月生效。本法旨在介绍废物处理及促进高效地利用资源，使我们能达到良好的社会环境。本文介绍了一种法律的新框架，是在放置义务回收的家用电器制造商与零售商资料流量，分析这一新的框架是基本的评估制度以及可能存在的发现
38、问题，我们因此来分析在回收利用家电的特殊装置的材料流程。在再循环装置中的大量的残余作了适当估计，虽然法定的机制并不包括使用循环装置后的再生，潜在的目标已经被鉴定和分析出来。潜在的目标经过装置的转变后依赖于经济结构和相关的法则。现在，大量的再生材料被输出和再利用。然而这一行业是否能够持续发展还是个未知数。因此，我们应该密切关注有关形势，确保我们的再循环系统的适应性，以面对将来的任何变化。一、EOL系统的回收利用的家用电器日本1998年6月颁布资源回收各种家用电器的法律，并于2001年4月生效。该法的框架设计，主要放在家电的制造商和零售商职责划分上，而回收再利用费用支付本身就是消费者在处理。根据系
39、统的框架结构，消费者把寿命终止的家电给零售商，付上回收费和转让费，零售商会把寿命终止的家电拉到指定的回收站。最后，家电会被转移到回收的特殊装置里，而后被再次利用，立法体系的有效性有四个论点实现资料周期,成本效益和货币流动的，边界内部或外部循环系统的范围，相关利益者的行为的改变。他们的研究证明该系统一定有效,尤其是适用循环率。然而，他们也指出，该系统还存在着不足之处。制造商必须符合要求达到循环率，定义是回收的物料的重量除以加工的重量EOL电器。目前，空调、电视机、电冰箱、洗衣机都在范围内，对循环系统，以及所需的回收率分别在60以上，55，50和50。冷置电器含氯氟烃恢复从空调和制冷设备也是必需的
40、。从2004年4月以来，含氯氟烃也被要求可以再回收。回收和转让费用是决定由制造商和零售商回收设施。在回应设立的家用电器回收法，制造商分成两组，A组和B组，共同的设施来提高效率的回收利用，而不是有着独特的设施为什么两组答复。这些回收设施基本上是独立的商业实体，即使他们通常有金融关系与生产厂家。在日本有44家电回收设施营运之初，比起2005在设施的细节方面有所变化。先前的研究的对一系列的设施进行了分类，即由厂家集团的团体或AB组。然而现在的首要目的，从我们的研究资料流量分析，该分类就不会有足够的如果当初有不同的输出的同一组间工厂。因此，我们试着将这些设施的过程进行分类。在2003年的调查的采访中，
41、我们可以在所有设备进行分类的三大类程序他们使用。如前所述，A组生产商试图利用现有废物处置企业尽可能多的利用切碎机。在这种类型的设备、电器是EOL系统需要接受治疗后，包括人工拆除，然后集中碎恢复得到。因此，A组主要还原的材料是金属碎片。我们分类这些设施为“碎纸然后再恢复型”SR设施，还有另一种类型的现有设备设施，尽管许多这样的设施是很小的。据我们的调查，五个设施属于一组没有足够的碎纸机器。在这些设施中，EOL电器是手工拆除，却不损坏。因此，输出这些设施只是没用的部件和废物。考虑到与不同这一类型的工具产量相比，SR类型我们需要严格区分这种类型在A组的设施。相反，B组制造商制造了一台新的装置，专门为
42、分解寿命终止家电设计。SR装置尝试通过在切碎工序之后加强分割，达到更高的回收率，但是这些B组装置通常尝试手工拆卸，在切碎之前再生材料。我们因此叫做“先还原再切碎”装置（简称RS），主要对市场形势作出反应，SR和RS装置比较难辨别，但是我们仍旧不能忽视。特别是当我们考虑到再循环的另一个阶段的时候。以下的章节将会讨论材料离开再循环装置后的流程细节。过程应用到所有三种类型的设备，包括工艺,消解的为含氯氟烃，因为这里是有需要，现在总结了我们的访问的调查结果输出设备栓塞形成后症状三者之间的分歧，明确详细三个栓塞形成后症状的定义有价值的，因为我们已经改变了女士在2002年进行了调查定义因此根据新信息获得的
43、额外的采访从一些资料可以看出，没有什么差异、遥感过程另一方面，SR过程中都不一样的。狭义相对论设施恢复只有不到一半的很多不同类型的部分比起其他的两种类型更优越。然而,这并不意味着这种类型的循环恢复较小。可以评估只有在我们知道流量的下一阶段循环系统收益比破碎后分离过程也会影响到评估，根据情况变化根据我们的调查，最近的价格高涨报废使SR设施来增加产量比他们的分离过程,即使这意味着生产成本的增加。再生的物料流动设备制造商的义务是完成了回收设备阶段，就像在前一节提到然而,除非输出这些设施在处理过的回收行业、材料或部分不能完全恢复。因此，我们调查了后出现的物料流动通过设备设施详细介绍了的部分享有出境后的
44、物料流动回收设备。二、物质平衡中回收设备多数设备的回收过程都有其固有的设施。如上所述，我们进行访谈过程中，每个机构使用的所有设备，划分为三种类型。与此同时，我们处理产品数量每一种类型的设施基本方法是估计观看和信息披露的制造商和回收公司的网站，因为2003年我们开始了我们的调查。RS设施约占总人数的三分之二产品在新的一年里处理RS设施，新建专为家电回收，这并不奇怪，所有RS设施处理所有四种类型的设备。另一方面，不是所有的狭义相对论和RS设施处理所有四个电器类型。RS设备加工数量有限的电器，只有五个。因此，对于确定家电的物料流动回收利用，对于我们来说是很重要的,要知道这是物质平衡在狭义相对论和RS
45、设施。单位质量平衡中回收设施，一般而言它是很难获得信息质量平衡的回收设施的机密性，因为这信息很少有先前的研究。材料流量分析家电回收设施，也称这些部分在RS设施。虽然他们的体重数据对零件不像我们详细，他们并估计重金属平衡报道了家电产品的优势在法律面前成立生效，这份报告提供了数据在拆除部分和报废。幸运的是，我们从一个回收设备得到了这个数据让我们获得其物质平衡。由设施过程分为RS类型质量平衡方式，2004年11月收集大量的平衡资料和20个四类电器进行处理。虽然我们获得了大部分的输出权值，每个部分和资料我们没有进入某些特定的输出的权重。因此，我们估计这些重量通过面试者和文学的调查结合物料平衡，并对这次
46、试验进行估算，平均单个零件的权重，我们还能估计物质平衡其他两种类型的设施。三、结论我们在这里描绘了一幅巨大的EOL回收家用电器系统。我们对日本的物料平衡回收设施进行了估计，并且调查了物料流动的可能途径，发现这些设施都是按系统类型归类，而不是按照单单的文字上进行归类。物料平衡的这三种设施有大大的不同，其较大的区别是以后发生的过程中材料回收设备离开回收系统的有效性方面应数量，另外在基础上分析过程不仅用于回收设备而且过程发生在该材料具有离开设施，这些在后者的过程中经常发生，日本以外的有时是难以确定的外国物料平衡过程我们的采访显示分离过程使用粒子食品进口国则在日本更好的使用，因为他们可以利用廉价的劳动力。然而，这些交易的可持续性是未知的，因为在那么多的辩论中存在两种观点适当的处置危险内容和自然资源政策缺乏关系。因此，我们需要密切关注情况，确保我们的回收系统能够适应任何情况。导师评语签字年月日
