1、（20_届）本科毕业设计英语零翻译在跨文化交际中的应用APPLICATIONSOFZEROTRANSLATIONINCROSSCULTURALCOMMUNICATION摘要随着全球化的加快以及世界经济的迅速发展，跨地域、跨语言的交际活动正如火如荼的开展起来。翻译，作为连接不同国度、不同语言的桥梁，使人们的跨文化交际变得便捷。人类文化的相似性让翻译成为了可能，而不同文化的巨大差异却大大增加了精确翻译的难度。因此，各种不同的翻译策略一直是学者研究的重要课题。其中，“零翻译”是一个比较新的概念，运用零翻译的翻译策略可以解决很多无法翻译的难题。本文将详细探讨语言、文化和翻译之间的内在联系，可译与不可译
2、的理论，零翻译的定义及发展，以及零翻译在真正跨文化交际中的应用。总而言之，零翻译因它的简单易行在跨文化交际中扮演了重要角色，恰当运用其技巧对于译者尤为重要。关键词零翻译；跨文化交际；可译；不可译IIIABSTRACTWITHTHEFASTPHASEOFGLOBALIZATIONANDRAPIDDEVELOPMENTOFWORLDECONOMY,THENUMBEROFCROSSCOUNTRYCROSSLANGUAGEACTIVITIESHASBEENINCREASEDSIGNIFICANTLYTRANSLATIONHASBEENSERVEDASABRIDGEFORPEOPLEFROMDIFFER
3、ENTCOUNTRIESWITHDIFFERENTBACKGROUNDTOEFFECTIVELYANDEFFICIENTLYCOMMUNICATEWITHEACHOTHERTHESIMILARITIESBETWEENDIFFERENTLANGUAGESANDCULTURESENABLEUSTOTRANSLATEFROMONELANGUAGEINTOANOTHERWHILETHEDIFFERENCEBETWEENTHEMMAKESITADIFFICULTTASKDIFFERENTTRANSLATIONSTRATEGIESHAVEBEENPROPOSEDANDSTUDIEDBYLINGUISTSA
4、NDTRANSLATORS,AMONGWHICH,ZEROTRANSLATIONISAFAIRLYNEWCONCEPTWHICHISUSEDTOOVERCOMEPARTIALUNTRANSLATABILITYINTHISTHESIS,WESTUDYTHEINTERRELATIONSAMONGLANGUAGE,CULTURE,ANDTRANSLATION,THETHEORIESOFUNTRANSLATABILITYANDTRANSLATABILITY,THEDEFINITIONSANDHISTORICALDEVELOPMENTOFZEROTRANSLATION,ASWELLASREALWORLD
5、APPLICATIONSOFZEROTRANSLATIONINAWORD,ZEROTRANSLATIONPLAYSANIMPORTANTROLEINCROSSCULTURECOMMUNICATIONSFORITSSIMPLICITYANDEXPEDIENCY,ANDSHOULDBEPROPERLYUSEDKEYWORDSZEROTRANSLATIONCROSSCULTURALCOMMUNICATIONUNTRANSLATABILITYTRANSLATABILITYIVCONTENTSABSTRACTIIICHAPTER1INTRODUCTION1CHAPTER2LANGUAGE,CULTURE
6、ANDTRANSLATION2CHAPTER3UNTRANSLATABILITYANDTRANSLATABILITY3CHAPTER4THEORIESOFZEROTRANSLATION541DEFINITIONSOFZEROTRANSLATION542TRANSLITERATIONANDTRANSFERENCE643DEVELOPMENTOFZEROTRANSLATION744REASONSFORZEROTRANSLATION9CHAPTER5APPLICATIONSOFZEROTRANSLATION951NEWS1052MAGAZINES1053TVANDMOVIES11CHAPTER6CO
7、NCLUSION11REFERENCES13ACKNOWLEGEMENTS141CHAPTER1INTRODUCTIONWITHTHETRENDOFGLOBALIZATIONANDEVERINCREASINGNUMBEROFCROSSCOUNTRYACTIVITIESINTRADE,MANUFACTURING,INVESTMENT,CULTURALEXCHANGE,LEISURETRAVEL,WENOLONGERLIVEINANISOLATEDISLANDSEPARATEDBYBORDERS,BUTLIVEINAMUCHBIGGERINTERNATIONALSOCIETYWITHPEOPLEF
8、ROMALLOVERTHEWORLDINFORMATIONTECHNOLOGYANDOTHERTECHNICALADVANCEMENTSINMODERNTRANSPORTATIONSYSTEMSHAVEBROUGHTUSINTOANERAOFGLOBALIZATIONWECANNOWSITATHOMEWATCHINGTHELATESTSTORIESHAPPENINGATANYCORNEROFTHEWORLD,ORATTENDABREAKFASTMEETINGINLONDONINTHEMORNINGANDASOCIALBANQUETINHONGKONGINTHEEVENINGTHERAPIDDE
9、VELOPMENTOFWORLDECONOMYANDGLOBALIZATIONWILLUNDOUBTEDLYINCREASETHECROSSCOUNTRYCROSSCULTUREINTERACTIONSBETWEENPERSONS,COMPANIES,ORGANIZATIONS,ORNATIONSWITHDIFFERENTHISTORIESORBACKGROUNDSWHENPEOPLEFROMDIFFERENTPARTSOFTHEWORLDGATHERTOGETHERANDCOMMUNICATEWITHEACHOTHER,WEAREUSUALLYFACEDWITHLANGUAGESTHATAR
10、EQUITEDIFFERENTFROMOUROWNTHEDIFFERENCESINCULTUREWILLFURTHERINCREASETHEDIFFICULTIESINUNDERSTANDINGANDCOMMUNICATINGWITHOTHERSWITHDIFFERENTCULTURALBACKGROUNDTHOSEDIFFERENCESMAYCAUSEMISUNDERSTANDINGSANDEVENRESULTINCULTURALCONFLICTSTHEREFORE,CROSSCULTURECOMMUNICATIONISANIMPORTANTSUBJECTANDSHOULDBECAREFUL
11、LYSTUDIEDTHEBASICFUNCTIONALITYOFCOMMUNICATIONISFORMUTUALUNDERSTANDINGANDINFORMATIONEXCHANGEITCANBECATEGORIZEDINTOTWOFORMSORALANDWRITTENTRANSLATION,WHICHINCLUDESINTERPRETATIONANDWRITTENTRANSLATION,ALSOBELONGSTOTHECLASSOFCOMMUNICATIONTRANSLATIONISGENERALLYDEFINEDASANACTOFPROCESSOFRENDERINGWHATISEXPRES
12、SEDINONELANGUAGEDENOTEDASSOURCELANGUAGEINTOANOTHERLANGUAGEDENOTEDASTARGETLANGUAGEESSENTIALLY,TRANSLATIONCANBECONSIDEREDASANINTERLINGUALTRANSFERITPLAYSANIMPORTANTROLEINCROSSLANGUAGECROSSCULTURECOMMUNICATION,ASITENABLESPEOPLEINONEREGIONTOGETTOKNOWTHEHISTORIES,TRADITIONS,CULTURES,CIVILIZATIONS,SOCIALOR
13、GANIZATIONS,PERSPECTIVES,ANDVALUESOFPEOPLEFROMOTHERREGIONSITSERVESASABRIDGEFORMUTUALUNDERSTANDINGANDINFORMATIONEXCHANGEACROSSDIFFERENTLANGUAGESANDCULTURESZEROTRANSLATION,ANEWTRANSLATIONMETHOD,HASNTBEENEXISTEDFORLONGBUTNOWADAYSITISFREQUENTLYUSEDINBOTHORALANDWRITTENINOURDAILYLIFEWECOULDSEEQUITEMANYFOR
14、EIGNWORDSINNEWSPAPERS,MAGAZINES,ANDINTERNET,SUCHASCPI,GDP,KTV,DVD,CDMA,ETCALSOPEOPLETENDTOINSERTSOMEFOREIGNWORDSINTALKING,ESPECIALLYAMONG“WHITECOLLARS”ANDUNIVERSITYSTUDENTSTHECONCEPTOFZEROTRANSLATIONWASFIRSTPUTFORWARDBYDU2ZHENGMING2000,BUTHETRANSLATEDITINTOCHINESEAS不译NONTRANSLATIONRATHERTHAN零翻译ZEROT
15、RANSLATIONPROFESSORQIUMAORU2000PROPOSEDTHETERM“ZEROTRANSLATION”INHISARTICLEPUBLISHEDINCHINESETRANSLATORSJOURNALHETRANSLATEDITINTOCHINESEAS零翻译,WHICHMEANSTHATTHESOURCELANGUAGEWORDSARETRANSFERREDINTOTARGETLANGUAGEWITHOUTMAKINGANYCHANGESINCETHENITHASATTRACTEDMUCHATTENTIONFROMOTHERSCHOLARS,LINGUISTS,ANDT
16、RANSLATORSINTHISTHESIS,WEWILLSTUDYTHETHEORIESASWELLASTHEAPPLICATIONSOFZEROTRANSLATIONINCROSSCULTURECOMMUNICATIONSTHERESTOFTHETHESISISORGANIZEDASFOLLOWSCHAPTER2BRIEFLYEXPLAINSTHEINTERRELATIONSAMONGLANGUAGE,CULTURE,ANDTRANSLATION,ANDPOINTSOUTTHATTRANSLATIONISACROSSCULTURECOMMUNICATIONACTIVITYCHAPTER3P
17、RESENTSTHETHEORIESOFUNTRANSLATABILITYANDTRANSLATABILITYINTHISTHESIS,WEHOLDTHEIDEAOFTRANSLATABILITYUNTRANSLATABILITY,ONTHEOTHERHAND,CANBESEENASANINDICATIONOFLIMITATIONINTRANSLATIONCHAPTER4GIVESADETAILEDOVERVIEWOFZEROTRANSLATION,FROMTHEDEFINITIONSOFZEROTRANSLATION,THETWOBASICTECHNIQUESCOMMONLYUSEDINZE
18、ROTRANSLATION,TOTHEREASONSANDHISTORICALDEVELOPMENTOFZEROTRANSLATIONSOMEEXAMPLESOFAPPLICATIONSINZEROTRANSLATIONAREGIVENINCHAPTER5FINALLY,CONCLUSIONSAREDRAWNINCHAPTER6CHAPTER2LANGUAGE,CULTUREANDTRANSLATIONTRANSLATIONCANGENERALLYBEDEFINEDASUSINGASPECIFICLANGUAGETARGETLANGUAGETOEXPRESSTHEIDEASORIGINALLY
19、INANOTHERLANGUAGESOURCELANGUAGEEFFECTIVELYANDACCURATELYTRANSLATIONOFONELANGUAGEINTOANOTHERISNOTJUSTASIMPLEWORDBYWORD,ORSENTENCEBYSENTENCETRANSLATION,BUTALSOISCLOSELYRELATEDTOTHECULTURETHATISINTRINSICALLYASSOCIATEDWITHTHELANGUAGESOCULTUREHASAGREATIMPACTONTHETRANSLATION,ANDTHETRANSLATIONCANNEVERBESUCC
20、ESSFULIFWEDONOTCONSIDERTHECULTUREBEHINDITLANGUAGEISPARTOFCULTURE,ISTHECARRIEROFCULTURE,ANDISALSOTHESTIMULUSOFCULTURETHETRANSFERENCEOFCULTURECANBERESORTEDTOVARIOUSMEANS,SUCHASSINGING,DANCING,PAINTINGS,ETCBUTTHEMOSTIMPORTANTWAYOFTHETRANSFERENCEOFCULTUREISVIALANGUAGELANGUAGEANDCULTUREARECLOSELYRELATEDW
21、ITHEACHOTHERJUSTLIKESUSANBASSNETT2004SAID,LANGUAGE,ISTHEHEARTWITHINTHEBODYOFCULTURE,ANDITISTHEINTERACTIONBETWEENTHETWOTHATRESULTSINTHECONTINUATIONOFLIFEENERGYINTHESAMEWAYTHATTHESURGEON,OPERATINGINTHE3HEART,CANTNEGLECTTHEBODYTHATSURROUNDIT,SOTHETRANSLATORTREATSTHETEXTINISOLATIONFROMTHECULTUREATTHISPE
22、NCILBASSNETT,1991THEREFORE,TRANSLATIONNOTONLYTRANSLATESFROMONELANGUAGEINTOANOTHER,BUTALSOTRANSLATESFROMONECULTUREINTOANOTHERITISACROSSCULTURECOMMUNICATIONACTIVITYDUETOTHEINDIVIDUALITYOFCULTURE,PERFECTTRANSLATIONISIMPOSSIBLETHEDUTYOFATRANSLATORISTOREDUCETHECULTURALDIFFERENCETOTHEMINIMUMANDREALIZETHET
23、RANSFERENCEOFCULTURECONSEQUENTLY,TRANSLATIONISNOTMERELYASIMPLEINTERLINGUALACTIVITY,BUTINFACTACROSSCULTURETRANSFERENCECHAPTER3UNTRANSLATABILITYANDTRANSLATABILITYINTHEFIELDOFTRANSLATOLOGY,TWOCONFLICTINGTHEORIESOFUNTRANSLATABILITYANDTRANSLATABILITYHAVEBEENARGUEDFORALONGTIMEPROPONENTSOFUNTRANSLATABILITY
24、BELIEVETHATITISIMPOSSIBLETOSHOWTHESPIRITOFONECULTUREINOTHERLANGUAGES,SINCETHEMESSAGESTOBECONVEYEDISALWAYSATTHERISKOFBEINGPARTIALLYLOSTDURINGTHETRANSLATIONTHEREFOREINTHETHEORYOFUNTRANSLATABILITY,ITISIMPOSSIBLETOREPRODUCEACOMPLICATEDTHOUGHTFROMONELANGUAGETOANOTHERWITHOUTANYDISTORTIONITISWORTHMENTIONIN
25、GTHATTHEDISCUSSIONOFUNTRANSLATABILITYISTOSHOWWHYSATISFACTORYTRANSLATIONISDIFFICULTTOBEACHIEVEDTHEINTENTIONISTOFINDABETTERWAYOFTRANSLATIONINSTEADOFBEINGCONSIDEREDASANEXCUSEFORNOTTRANSLATINGONTHEOTHERHAND,PROPONENTSOFTRANSLATABILITYINSISTTHATLANGUAGESARETRANSLATABLELANGUAGEISAPRODUCTINTHEDEVELOPMENTOF
26、ASPECIFICHUMANSOCIETYTHOUGHDIFFERENTLANGUAGESHAVEBEENDEVELOPEDDUETOTHEDIFFERENCEINGEOGRAPHICLOCATIONANDHISTORY,THEPHYSICALSTRUCTUREOFAHUMANBODYANDVERYBASICNEEDSOFHUMANBEINGSAREMOREORLESSTHESAMEINEACHSOCIETYTHOSESIMILARITIESENABLEPEOPLEFROMONESOCIETYTOUNDERSTANDTHETHOUGHTSANDFEELINGSOFPEOPLEFROMANOTH
27、ERSOCIETYBASEDONTHEIROWNEXPERIENCE,ANDBECOMETHEFOUNDATIONOFCROSSCULTURECROSSLANGUAGECOMMUNICATIONSPROPONENTSOFTRANSLATABILITYBELIEVETHATMESSAGESCONVEYEDBYONELANGUAGECANTHEORETICALLYBETRANSLATEDINTOANOTHERLANGUAGEDUETOTHESIMILARITYINHUMANBEHAVIORANDVALUESNIDA2001,APIONEERINTHEFIELDSOFTRANSLATIONTHEOR
28、YANDLINGUISTICS,SAIDTHATTHETHEORETICALBASISFORTRANSLATABILITYLIESINTHEFACTTHAT“LANGUAGEUNIVERSALSFAROUTWEIGHTTHEDIVERGENCE”,SINCE“ATLEAST90PERCENTOFTHEFUNDAMENTALSTRUCTURESOFALLLANGUAGESAREQUITESIMILARPEOPLEOF4ANYLANGUAGECULTUREHAVESUFFICIENTIMAGINATIONANDEXPERIENCETOUNDERSTANDHOWTHEPEOPLEFROMANOTHE
29、RLANGUAGECULTUREMAYRIGHTLYDIFFERINTHEIRBEHAVIORANDVALUESNIDA,20037879”THECULTURALSIMILARITIESMAKELANGUAGESTRANSLATABLE,WHILETHEUNIQUECULTURALCHARACTERISTICSBETWEENDIFFERENTSOCIETIESMAKELANGUAGESUNTRANSLATABLEBECAUSETHEREAREBOTHSIMILARITIESANDDIFFERENCESBETWEENCULTURES,TRANSLATABILITYANDUNTRANSLATABI
30、LITYCOEXISTINLANGUAGETRANSLATIONWECOULDSAYTHATTRANSLATABILITYMEANSTHEMESSAGESFROMONELANGUAGECANBERELATIVELYCONVEYEDINTOANOTHERLANGUAGEUNTRANSLATABILITY,ONTHECONTRARY,REFERSTOTHEMEANINGTHATTHEYCANNOTBERELATIVELYCONVEYEDINTRANSLATIONWITHTHEFASTPHASEOFGLOBALIZATIONANDEVERINCREASINGNUMBEROFCROSSCOUNTRYC
31、ROSSLANGUAGEACTIVITIESSUCHASINTERNATIONALTRADE,ACADEMICCOLLABORATION,CULTURALEXCHANGE,LEISURETRAVEL,ETC,TRANSLATIONHASBECOMEANIMPORTANTTOOLFORPEOPLEFROMDIFFERENTPARTSOFTHEWORLDTOEFFECTIVELYANDEFFICIENTLYCOMMUNICATEWITHEACHOTHERWITHOUTTHEHELPOFTRANSLATION,NONEOFTHESECOULDHAPPENINTHISTHESIS,THEAUTHORH
32、OLDSTHEOPINIONOFTRANSLATABILITYFROMTHEDEFINITIONOFTRANSLATION,SOMESCHOLARSWHOPROPOSEDTHATINTERPRETATIONCANBEUSEDASTHELASTRESORTINTRANSLATIONTHEORETICALLY,ANYUNTRANSLATABILITYCANBERESOLVEDBYMEANSOFINTERPRETATIONITRESERVESTHEBASICCONTENTFROMSOURCELANGUAGEATTHEEXPENSEOFLENGTHYCONTEXTINTARGETLANGUAGEAME
33、RICANLINGUISTCHARLESHOCKETT1966MENTIONEDTHATLANGUAGESDIFFERNOSOMUCHASTOWHATCANBESAIDINTHEM,BUTRATHERASTOWHATITISRELATIVELYEASYTOSAYINTHEMSOTHEMAINDIFFERENCEBETWEENLANGUAGESLIESINHOWTOSAY,INSTEADOFWHATTOSAYEVERYLANGUAGEHASTHECAPABILITYOFEXPRESSINGEVERYTHINGINTHEWORLD,ANDTHEONLYDIFFERENCEISTHEFORMATOF
34、EXPRESSIONTHEREFORELANGUAGESARETRANSLATABLEANDALLLANGUAGESARECAPABLEOFREPRODUCINGTHETHOUGHTSORIGINATEDFROMSOURCELANGUAGETHOUGHTRANSLATABILITYBELIEVESTHEPOSSIBILITYOFCONVEYINGMESSAGESFROMSOURCELANGUAGETOTARGETLANGUAGE,ITISIMPOSSIBLETOREALIZETHEABSOLUTETRANSLATIONWITHOUTANYDISTORTION,DUETODIFFERENTCHA
35、RACTERISTICSINDIFFERENTLANGUAGES,SUCHASGRAMMARANDSTRUCTURESINCEWECANNEVERACHIEVEABSOLUTETRANSLATIONBETWEENSOURCELANGUAGEANDTARGETLANGUAGE,WHATWECANDOISTOREALIZETHETRANSFERENCEACROSSDIFFERENTLANGUAGESANDCULTURESANDMINIMIZETHEDIFFERENCEBETWEENTHEMTHESIMILARITIESBETWEENDIFFERENTLANGUAGESANDCULTURESENAB
36、LEUSTOTRANSLATEFROMONELANGUAGEINTOANOTHERWHILETHEDIFFERENCEBETWEENTHEMMAKESITADIFFICULTTASKGENERALLYSPEAKING,INTERLINGUALTRANSLATIONISPOSSIBLESINCETHESIMILARITIESBETWEENDIFFERENTLANGUAGESANDCULTURESAREMUCHGREATERTHANTHEDIFFERENCESTRANSLATABILITYBETWEENLANGUAGESSERVESASTHETHEORETICALBASISOFTRANSLATIO
37、NHOWEVER,IT5DOESNOTMEANTHATTHEREARENODIFFERENCESBETWEENLANGUAGESUNTRANSLATABILITY,TOSOMEEXTENT,CANBESEENASANINDICATIONOFLIMITATIONINTRANSLATIONTRANSLATORSWILLINEVITABLEENCOUNTERDIFFICULTIESINHANDLINGCULTURALDIFFERENCESTHEINTRODUCTIONOFZEROTRANSLATIONCANBESERVEDASATRANSLATIONSTRATEGYTOOVERCOMETHEUNBR
38、IDGEABLEDIFFERENCESBETWEENLANGUAGESCHAPTER4THEORIESOFZEROTRANSLATIONINTHISCHAPTER,WEWILLINTRODUCETHEBASICTHEORIESOFZEROTRANSLATIONINTERMSOFDEFINITIONS,CLASSIFICATIONS,HISTORICALDEVELOPMENT,ASWELLASMOTIVATIONSANDREASONSBEHINDIT41DEFINITIONSOFZEROTRANSLATIONTHECONCEPTOFZEROTRANSLATIONWASFIRSTPUTFORWAR
39、DBYDUZHENGMINGGUOJIANZHONG,2003INHISARTICLE,HETRANSLATEDITINTOCHINESEAS不译NONTRANSLATIONHEPOINTEDOUTTHAT不译ISOPPOSITETOTRANSLATION,WHILETRANSLATIONISTRANSFERRINGTHEMEANINGTHUSTRANSLITERATIONCANBEREGARDEDAS不译,ASWELLASTRANSPLANTINGTHESOURCELANGUAGEWORDSDIRECTLYINTOTARGETLANGUAGEPROFESSORQIUMAORU2001PROP
40、OSEDTHETERM“ZEROTRANSLATION”INHISARTICLEHETRANSLATEDITINTOCHINESEAS零翻译,WHICHMEANSTHATTHESOURCELANGUAGEWORDSARETRANSFERREDINTOTARGETLANGUAGEWITHOUTMAKINGANYCHANGEHEALSOPOINTEDOUTTHATTHEMEANINGOFZEROTRANSLATIONIFTWOLEVEL1WORDSANDPHRASESINSOURCELANGUAGEAREDELIBERATELYNOTTRANSLATED2THECORRESPONDINGWORDS
41、ANDPHRASESINTARGETLANGUAGEEXIST,BUTARENOTUSEDFORTRANSLATIONZHANGNANFENG2004DEFINESZEROTRANSLATIONINADIFFERENTWAYHECONSIDEREDITASAUNIQUECULTURALSPECIFICITEMINSOURCELANGUAGECONTEXT,BUTNOTINTARGETLANGUAGECONTEXTALSOTHEREAREOTHERDEFINITIONSOFZEROTRANSLATIONFROMOTHERSCHOLARSHEREWEAREINFAVOROFPROFQIUSDEFI
42、NITIONZEROTRANSLATIONBELONGSTOTHECATEGORYOFTRANSLATION,NOTNONTRANSLATION,OR不译INCHINESENONTRANSLATIONMEANSNOTTRANSLATINGANDITISTHEOPPOSITEOFTRANSLATIONZEROTRANSLATIONONTHEOTHERHAND,ISSTILLAKINDOFTRANSLATIONTHEREFORE,ZEROTRANSLATIONISDIFFERENTFROMNONTRANSLATION,ANDTHEPROPERTRANSLATIONOFZEROTRANSLATION
43、INTOCHINESEIS零翻译,NOT不译642TRANSLITERATIONANDTRANSFERENCETHEREAREBASICALLYTWOTECHNIQUESCOMMONLYUSEDINZEROTRANSLATIONTRANSLITERATIONANDTRANSFERENCETRANSLITERATIONMEANSTHATWORDSINSOURCELANGUAGEARETRANSLATEDINTOWORDSWITHSAMEORSIMILARPRONUNCIATIONINTARGETLANGUAGETHEORIGINALMEANINGOFTHETRANSLATEDWORDSINTAR
44、GETLANGUAGEISNOTVALIDANYMORE,BUTPRONUNCIATIONANDWRITTENFORMATAREKEPTSOMEEXAMPLESARE酷COOL,迪斯科DISCO,曲奇COOKIE,托福TOEFL,ETCTRANSLITERATIONISCOMMONLYUSEDINTHETRANSLATIONOFNAMESOFPEOPLEANDGEOGRAPHICALLOCATIONS,SUCHASCOUNTRIESANDCITIESFOREXAMPLE悉尼SYDNEY,朱丽叶JULIA,ETCINTRANSFERENCE,THEWORDSINSOURCELANGUAGEARE
45、DIRECTLYIMPORTEDINTOTARGETLANGUAGEWITHOUTANYCHANGE,FOREXAMPLE,VCD,DVD,DIY,WTO,ETCMEANWHILE,SOMETRADITIONALCHINESEWORDSARETRANSLATEDINTOENGLISHWITHTRANSFERENCE,SUCHASQIGONG气功,GONGFU功夫,QIPAO旗袍,ETCITSEEMSLIKETRANSFERENCEDOESNOTTRANSLATE,ASWORDSINSOURCELANGUAGEAREDIRECTLYIMPORTEDINTOTARGETLANGUAGEBUTACT
46、UALLYTRANSFERENCEISAKINDOFTRANSLATIONTHOUGHTHEFORMATOFTHEWORDSISNOTTRANSLATEDINTOANOTHERLANGUAGE,THEMEANINGOFTHEWORDSHASBEENTRANSLATEDFROMONECULTUREINTOANOTHER43DEVELOPMENTOFZEROTRANSLATIONTHOUGHNOTDENOTEDASZEROTRANSLATION,DIFFERENTFORMSOFZEROTRANSLATIONHAVEBEENADOPTEDSINCEANCIENTCHINAXUANZANG602664
47、,AFAMOUSMONKANDTRANSLATORINTANGDYNASTY,TRANSLATEDTHEBUDDHISTSCRIPTUREINHISTRANSLATIONWORK,HEPUTFORWARDTHETRANSLATIONMETHODOFBUFAN,WHICHISINPRINCIPLETRANSLITERATION,TOBRINGTHEWORDSFROMSOURCELANGUAGEINTOTARGETLANGUAGESOASTOKEEPTHEORIGINALMEANINGANDSPIRITINSOURCETEXTSOMEEXAMPLESARE般若,菩提,陀罗尼,薄伽HISWORKCA
48、NBECONSIDEREDASTHEEARLIESTFORMOFZEROTRANSLATION,ANDISANEXAMPLEOFMAKINGGOODUSEOFBOTHLITERALTRANSLATIONANDFREETRANSLATIONORIGINALLY,WEUSEGRAPHSTOINDICATENUMBERSINYUANDYNASTY,ARABICNUMBERSWEREINTRODUCEDTOCHINAANDNOWTHEYAREUSEDINEVERYLANGUAGETHESESYMBOLSWEREIMPORTEDFROMSOURCELANGUAGEDIRECTLYINTOTARGETLA
49、NGUAGEWITHOUTANYCHANGEITISINPRINCIPLETRANSFERENCE,ANDALSOBELONGSTOZEROTRANSLATIONINQINGDYNASTY,TRANSLATIONACTIVITIESBECAMEFREQUENTDIFFERENTTRANSLATIONPRINCIPLESCANBEFOUNDINTRANSLATIONMATERIALSACCORDINGTOTHEIRPRACTICE,THEYMADETHREERULESINTRANSLATINGNOUNSFIRST,THEYCANBETRANSLATEDTOWORDSALREADYEXISTINGINCHINESESECOND,IF7THEREARENOCORRESPONDINGWORDSINCHINESE,TRANSLATORSCANINVENTNEWWORDSTHIRD,MAKEAPPENDIXESOFWORDSBOTHINFOREIGNLANGUAGESANDCHINESESOTHATREADERSCANLOOKUPWORDSEASILYFROMTHESERULESWECANSEETHATDURINGTHATTIME,TRANSLITERATIONWASTHEMAINTRANSLATIONMETHODIFTHEREWERENOCORRESPONDINGWORDSINTAR
