1、I（20_届）本科毕业设计英语颜色词的文化内涵及翻译CULTURALCONNOTATIONANDTRANSLATIONOFCOLORTERMSIICONTENTSABSTRACTIII1INTRODUCTION111DEFINITIONOFBASICCOLORTERMS112DEFINITIONOFCULTURALCONNOTATIONS213NECESSITYOFTHESTUDY22CULTURALCONNOTATIONSOFBASICCOLORTERMSINENGLISHANDCHINESE321BLACKAND黑422WHITEAND白423REDAND红524YELLOWAND黄525
2、GREENAND绿726BLUEAND蓝83CAUSESFORSIMILARITIESANDDIFFERENCESINCULTURALCONNOTATIONS831CAUSESFORSIMILARITIES932CAUSESFORDIFFERENCES9321ENVIRONMENT9322RELIGION10323POLITICS10324OTHERCAUSES104THREETRANSLATIONAPPROACHES1141LITERALTRANSLATION1142LIBERALTRANSLATION1243ANNOTATIONTRANSLATION135CONCLUSION13BIBLI
3、OGRAPHY15ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS16III内容摘要颜色词是每一个民族的语言中不可缺少的重要部分。在英汉两种语言中，由于文化习俗、历史背景等方面的差异，他被赋予了非常丰富的文化内涵。而随着中西文化交流的不断深入，人们已经认识到具有深刻文化内涵的颜色词不可避免地成为翻译和跨文化交际中的一个瓶颈。为了促进多元文化社会的发展和加强跨文化交流，研究英语和汉语基本颜色词的文化内涵具有一定的现实意义。本论文探讨的主要是基本颜色词（BLACK和黑，WHITE和白，RED和红，YELLOW和黄，GREEN和绿，BLUE和蓝）。本文从探讨颜色词的概念和文化内涵出发，对英汉基本颜色词的文化内涵进行
4、了对比研究并分析导致不同文化内涵的原因，并在此基础上论证了颜色词翻译的主要技巧和策略。关键词基本颜色词；文化内涵；原因；翻译方法IVABSTRACTCOLORTERMSAREANIMPORTANTANDINDISPENSABLEPARTOFEACHNATIONSLANGUAGEHOWEVER,DUETOCULTURALPRACTICES,HISTORICALBACKGROUNDANDOTHERDIFFERENCES,COLORTERMSWEREGIVENVERYRICHCULTURALCONNOTATIONINBOTHCHINESEANDENGLISHLANGUAGESWITHTHEDEEPE
5、NINGOFCULTURALEXCHANGE,PEOPLEHAVERECOGNIZEDTHATTHEPROFOUNDCULTURALCONNOTATIONOFTHEBASICCOLORTERMSINEVITABLYWOULDBECOMEABOTTLENECKINTRANSLATIONANDCROSSCULTURALCOMMUNICATIONINORDERTOPROMOTETHEDEVELOPMENTOFMULTICULTURALSOCIETYANDSTRENGTHENCROSSCULTURALCOMMUNICATION,THESTUDYOFCULTURALCONNOTATIONOFBASICC
6、OLORTERMSINENGLISHANDCHINESEHASACERTAINPRACTICALSIGNIFICANCETHISPAPERMAINLYFOCUSESONTHEBASICCOLORTERMSBLACKAND黑，WHITEAND白，REDAND红，YELLOWAND黄，GREENAND绿，BLUEAND蓝THISPAPERSTARTSWITHDISCUSSINGTHECONCEPTANDCULTURECONNOTATIONOFCOLORTERMS,ANDTHENITMAKESACOMPARISONOFDIFFERENTCULTURALCONNOTATIONANDANALYZESTH
7、EREASONS,ANDFINALLYITDEMONSTRATESTHEMAINTRANSLATIONSKILLSANDTACTICSKEYWORDSBASICCOLORTERMSCULTURALCONNOTATIONCAUSETRANSLATIONAPPROACHES11INTRODUCTIONCOLORISPEOPLESPERCEPTIONOFTHEOBJECTIVEEXTERNALWORLDBOTHINNATUREANDINSOCIALLIFE,DIFFERENTCOLORSAREEXISTEDBUTUNDERDIFFERENTCULTURALBACKGROUNDS,PEOPLEHAVE
8、DIFFERENTPERCEPTIONSOFCOLORTERMSTHECOLORSPEOPLEPERCEIVEAREDETERMINEDBYWHATTHEIRCULTURESPREPARESTHEMTOSEECOLORTERMSHAVEEMOTIONALELEMENTSANDDIFFERENTCULTURALCONNOTATIONSINLANGUAGESALLLANGUAGESMAYHAVETHEIROWNWORDSTOIDENTIFYPARTICULARCOLORS,BUTTHEREISALWAYSASPECIALSUBSETOFTHEWORDSKNOWNASBASICCOLORTERMS1
9、1DEFINITIONOFBASICCOLORTERMSPEOPLEUSEALARGENUMBEROFCOLORTERMSTOREPRESENTCOLORSTOSATISFYOURDAILYNECESSITIESFOREXAMPLE,THEREAREOVERTHREETHOUSANDCOLORWORDSINENGLISHMOREAMAZINGLY,HUMANEYESARECAPABLEOFDISTINGUISHINGSEVENMILLIONDIFFERENTCOLORS,FORMOSTOFWHICHPEOPLEDONOTHAVEANYAVAILABLELANGUAGETOEXPRESSINAD
10、DITION,DUETOTHENATURALPOLYTROPEITSDIFFICULTTOCATEGORIZECOLORS,THUSCATEGORIESOFCOLORTERMSAREVAGUEGENERALLY,THECOLORWORDSINENGLISHCANBEDIVIDEDINTOTWOCATEGORIESBASICCOLORTERMSANDOBJECTCOLORTERMS,WHICHCANALSOBEFOUNDINCHINESEHOWEVER,ITSDIFFICULTTOGIVEANACCURATEDEFINITIONTOBASICCOLORTERMS,BECAUSEABASICCOL
11、ORTERMSISDEFINEDONTHEBASISOFANUMBEROFCRITERIATHESECRITERIAARESPECIFIEDBYBERLINANDKAY1969ASFOLLOWSABEUSABLEINAWIDERANGEOFCONTEXTSTHUSRULINGOUT“BLOOD”,FOREXAMPLEBBEBROADORGENERALINMEANING,INTHESENSETHATITSHOULDNOTBEREGARDEDASA“KINDOF”ANYOTHERCOLORTHUSRULINGOUT“SCARLET”AND“AZURE”,FOREXAMPLECSALIENCE,IE
12、THEWORDMUSTBEONEWHICHPEOPLETHINKOFQUICKLYANDREADILYGODDARD1988113114ACCORDINGTOCRITERIAGIVENBYBERLINANDKAY1969,THEREISNODOUBTTHATENGLISHHASALLELEVENBASICCOLORTERMS“BLACK”,“WHITE”,“RED”,“YELLOW”,“GREEN”,“BLUE”,“BROWN”,“GREY”,“ORANGE”,“PURPLE”,“PINK”ACCORDINGTOJOHNISAEED197774,CHINESEHASSIXBASICCOLORS
13、“BLACK”,“WHITE”,“RED”,“YELLOW”,“GREEN”,AND“BLUE”APHYSIOLOGISTEWDALDHERINGGODDARD,1988OBSERVEDTHATALLCOLORVARIATIONSCANBEDESCRIBEDINTERMSOFSIXCOLORS“BLACK”,“WHITE”,“RED”,“YELLOW”,“GREEN”AND“BLUE”SUFFICEITTOSAYTHATTHE“PRIMARYCOLORS”KAYANDMCDANIEL,1978,IE,THEFIRSTSIXOFALLELEVENBASICCOLORS,AREHARDLYEXCL
14、UDEDFROMANYRESEARCHERSWORKFORTHESIXBASICCOLORTERMSMOSTLYREPRESENTPEOPLESPERCEPTIONOFTHECOLORSINTHEWORLDANDTHEYAREGIVENMOREMEANINGSTHANOTHERCOLORSSOFORTHESAKEOFCONVENIENCE,THEPRESENTSTUDYHASONLYCONCERNEDTHESIXBASICCOLORTERMSINCHINESEANDENGLISH,IE,黑BLACK,白WHITE,红RED,黄YELLOW,绿GREED,AND蓝BLUEHOWEVER,THIS
15、DOESNOTIMPLYTHATOTHERCOLORTERMSAREUNWORTHY12DEFINITIONOFCULTURALCONNOTATIONS2PALMERSUGGESTS19834THATTHEREARESOMEOTHERMEANINGSBESIDESITS“LITERAL”MEANINGINAWORDINTHECASEOFBASICCOLORTERMS,PEOPLEOFTENTAKEITFORGRANTEDTHATTHECOLORTERMSAREORIGINALLYUSEDTOREFERTOTHEPHYSICALFEATURESOFCOLORCATEGORIES,BUTPEOPL
16、ESHOULDKEEPINMINDTHATTHECOLORSYSTEMISPARTIALLYDETERMINEDBYTHECULTURALNEEDSINSTEADOFBEINGSOLELYBASEDUPONTHEIRPHYSICALFEATURESFOREXAMPLE,INHANUNOO,ALANGUAGEOFPHILIPPINES,ALLLIVINGTHINGSAREDESCRIBEDASGREEN,WHILEDEADTHINGSASREDTODISTINGUISHLIVINGANDDEADBAMBOO,ONESAYSONEISGREENANDTHEOTHERISRED,EVENTHOUGH
17、BAMBOOISACTUALLYLIGHTBROWNINSTEADOFBEINGGREENWHENITISLIVINGPALMER19837171THEREFORE,MANYLINGUISTSANDSCHOLARSTRYHARDTOSTUDYWORDSINRELATIONTOTHEIRASSOCIATIVEEFFECTSANDTHENTORELATETHEMEANINGOFWORDSTOTHECULTURALBACKGROUNDGEOFFREYLEECHPROPOSESTHATAWORDMAYHAVESEVENTYPESOFMEANINGCONCEPTUALMEANING,THEMATICME
18、ANING,CONNOTATIVEMEANING,STYLISTICMEANING,AFFECTIVEMEANING,REFLECTEDMEANING,ANDCOLLOCATIVEMEANINGTHELATTERFIVEARESUMMARIZEDASASSOCIATIVEMEANINGFORTHEYALLHAVETHESAMEOPENENDED,INDETERMINATECHARACTERLEECH197821ZHUGUANGQIAN,AFAMOUSCHINESESCHOLAR,ALSOPOINTSOUTTHATBESIDESITSDICTIONARYMEANING,AWORDMAYHAVEA
19、SSOCIATIVEMEANINGANDCONTEXTUALMEANINGALTHOUGHTHEIRCATEGORIZATIONSARENOTCOMPLETELYIDENTICAL,THEYBOTHRELATETHEASSOCIATIVEMEANINGMOREORLESSTOCULTURETHUSONEWAYTOHAVEAFULLUNDERSTANDINGOFTHEMEANINGSOFAWORDISTOPUTTHESTUDYOFTHEWORDUNDERTHEWHOLECULTURALBACKGROUNDOFASOCIETYBASEDONTHESEARGUMENTS,THISPAPERWILLU
20、SETHETERM“CONNOTATION”INABROADERSENSE,ANDTHEEXPRESSION“CULTURALCONNOTATION”ISUSED,TOREFERTOTHEMETAPHORICALMEANING,ASSOCIATIVEMEANING,SYMBOLICMEANING,EMOTIONALMEANINGASWELLASOTHEREXTENDEDMEANINGSORIGINATEDFROMDIFFERENTCULTURALSYSTEMSINDIFFERENTSOCIETIES13NECESSITYOFTHESTUDYLEECH19784748CLAIMSTHAT,ASA
21、COMMUNICATIONSYSTEM,LANGUAGEHASFIVECOMMUNICATIVEFUNCTIONSTHEINFORMATIVEFUNCTION,THEEXPRESSIVEFUNCTION,THEDIRECTIVEFUNCTION,THEAESTHETICFUNCTION,ANDTHEPHATICFUNCTIONLYONS19795456ALSOSUGGESTSTHATTHEREARETHREEKINDSOFFUNCTIONSSIGNALEDBYLANGUAGEDESCRIPTIVE,SOCIAL,ANDEXPRESSIVEBOTHTHECATEGORIZATIONSOFFUNC
22、TIONSOFALANGUAGEORTHEINFORMATIONTRANSMITTEDBYALANGUAGESHOWTHATTHEREISSOMETHINGMORETHANTHECONCEPTUALMEANINGTRANSMITTEDINTHECOMMUNICATIONTHROUGHLANGUAGETHUSTOREALIZETHETRUEVALUEOFCOMMUNICATION,DECODINGTHEMESSAGEONLYINITSLITERALMEANINGISFARFROMBEINGENOUGHMISCOMMUNICATIONANDMISUNDERSTANDINGRESULTFROMTHE
23、FACTTHATTHECONNOTATIVEMEANINGREFLECTSTHESUBJECTIVEATTITUDEOFTHESPEAKERSANDVARIESFROMONEPERSONTOANOTHERSOTOUNDERSTANDWHATISSAIDISBASEDNOTONLYONTHEHEARERSLINGUISTICKNOWLEDGEABOUTTHELANGUAGE,BUTMOREIMPORTANTLY,3ONHISKNOWLEDGEABOUTTHECULTURALBACKGROUNDEMBODIEDINTHELANGUAGETHEMISUSEOFLANGUAGEISAMAJORCAUS
24、EOFHUMANCONFLICTS,ANDTOACERTAINEXTENT,SOMECLASHESINCOMMUNICATIONRESULTFROMSEMANTICANDPRAGMATICFAILURE,SOPEOPLEAREOFTENSUGGESTEDTOCHOOSERIGHTWORDSTOMEANWHATTHEYSAYTHECHOICEOFTHERIGHTWORDSISALSOBASEDUPONTHEIRUNDERSTANDINGOFTHECONNOTATIVEMEANINGSOFTHEWORDSTHEYAREUSINGITHASBEENREALIZEDTHATBASICCOLORTERM
25、S,ASAGROUPOFCULTURALLOADEDWORDS,FORMANAREAWITHFREQUENTOCCURRENCEOFCOMMUNICATIVEMISUNDERSTANDING,THEROOTOFWHICHLIESINCULTURALDIFFERENCESSOITISVERYNECESSARYTOHAVEANANALYSISONTHECULTURALCONNOTATIONSOFCOLORTERMSBETWEENENGLISHANDCHINESEFORTHESAMEREASON,TOCHOOSEPROPERTRANSLATIONMETHODSTOTRANSLATECOLORTERM
26、SISALSOVERYIMPORTANTANDSIGNIFICANT2CULTURALCONNOTATIONSOFBASICCOLORTERMSINENGLISHANDCHINESETHEREEXISTANUMBEROFCOLORTERMSINHUMANLANGUAGETHATMAKETHEWORLDCOLORFULTHESECOLORTERMSHAVEVERYRICHEMOTIONALELEMENTSANDCULTURALCONNOTATIONSINLANGUAGESITISKNOWNTHATDIFFERENTPEOPLEFROMDIFFERENTCULTURESHAVEDIFFERENTS
27、ENSEOFCOLORSINCROSSCULTURALCOMMUNICATIONSOINTHISPART,CONTRASTWILLBEMADEONTHECULTURALCONNOTATIONSOFCOLORTERMSBETWEENENGLISHANDCHINESEWHICHAREBASEDUPONTHESIXBASICCOLORTERMSDEFINEDBYKAYANDMCDANIEL197821BLACKAND黑INANCIENTCHINA,“黑”WASTHEHOLIESTCOLORRESPECTEDBYPEOPLE,BECAUSEITWASREGARDEDASTHECOLOROFMYSTER
28、Y,GIVINGPEOPLEAMYSTERIOUSSENSETHEREFORE,INSOMEDYNASTIESEMPERORSANDMAJOROFFICIALSWOREBLACKDRESS,LIKE“戈綈”,“皂衣”AND“玄衣”,ESPECIALLYINFORMALOCCASIONS,SUCHASINTHECOURTANDSACRIFICIALRITESSIMILARLY,INENGLISHCULTUREBLACKALSOSYMBOLIZEGRAVE,MAJESTYANDNOBLESUCHAS“BLACKSUIT黑色西装”AND“BLACKDRESS黑色礼服”,THEYARETHEMOSTS
29、UBLIMETRADITIONALCOSTUMEINTHEWESTDIGNITARIESANDWELLKNOWNPERSONSTHEYALLLIKEWEARINGTHEBLACKSUITANDBLACKDRESSINSOMEFORMALOCCASIONSINTRADITIONALCHINESECULTURE,SOMETIMES黑ISTHEOPPOSITEOF白,SUCHAS黑白分明,颠倒黑白,黑白电视WHILESOMETIMES黑ISTHEOPPOSITEOF红,SUCHAS“黑心”SINISTERVENOMOUSHEARTISTHEOPPOSITEOF“红心”LOYALHEARTTHEMAI
30、NIMPLIEDMEANINGSOFBLACKINCHINESEARE“DIM”黑咕隆咚、黑灯瞎火,“SECRET”黑幕、黑话,“ILLEGAL”黑货、黑市,AND“EVIL”黑帮、黑店、黑手BUTINTHETRADITIONALARTOFTHEATRICALMAKEUPINBEIJINGOPERA,BLACKFACIALMAKEUPISTHESYMBOLOFCHARACTERSWHOAREUPRIGHT,IMPARTIALANDINCORRUPTIBLE,SUCHASWEICHIGONGINTANGDYNASTY,4BAOZHENGANDLIKUIINSONGDYNASTYTHEMEANIN
31、GOFBLACKINENGLISHAREALSOHAVEMANYDIFFERENTSITUATIONSIFITISUSEDINTHEARTICLEART,ITMEANSFORETHOUGHTANDWISDOM,SUCHAS“JACKKNEWBLACKFROMWHITE”杰克精明老练IFITISUSEDINARTWORKS,ITMEANSEVIL,LIESANDFALLACYANDIFITISUSEDINCHURCHADORNMENTANDFUNERAL,ITMEANSGOODFRIDAYANDSADNESS,DESPAIRANDDEATHINTRADITIONALENGLISHCULTURE,
32、BLACKISALSOTHEOPPOSITEOFWHITE,SUCHAS“CALLBLACKWHITE”颠倒黑白,“PUTDOWNINBLACKANDWHITE”见诸文字,AND“SWEARBLACKISWHITE”强词夺理BUTSOMETIMESBLACKISTHEOPPOSITEOFBLUEINENGLISH,LIKE“BEATSBBLACKANDBLUE”把某人打得遍体鳞伤ANDTHEMAINIMPLIEDMEANINGSOFBLACKINENGLISHARE“GLOOMY”BEINABLACKMOOD,情绪低落,“ANGER”LOOKBLACK,怒目而视,“BAD”BLACKSHEEP
33、,害群之马AND“ILLEGALITY”BLACKMARKET,非法市场BESIDES,BOTH“BLACK”AND“黑”CANBEUSEDTOREFERTOTHEDARKSKINNEDRACEBUT“BROWN”,“BRONZE”,OR“TAN”ISUSEDWHENTHESKINTURNSDARKDUETOTHESUNRAY,WHICHISASYMBOLOFHEALTH22WHITEAND白INCHINESEWHITEREPRESENTSHOLY,CLEAN,HONEST,CLEARANDDAYTIME,SUCHAS白璧无瑕,真相大白,清清白白,白天ANDSOONIN1906,SUNZHON
34、GSANDECIDEDTOUSERED,BLUEANDWHITETHREECOLORSASTHEFUTUREREPUBLICNATIONALFLAGSCOLORTHEWHITEHEREISTAKENITSHOLYANDHUMANITYMEANINGANDINCHINESE,“白”ALSOCANREPRESENTBEHIND,REACTIONARYANDLACKOFAWARENESS,SUCHAS一穷二白,白色恐怖,白区,白专道路ETCINTHETRADITIONALARTOFTHEATRICALMAKEUPINBEIJINGOPERA,WHITEFACIALMAKEUPISTHESYMBOLO
35、FCHARACTERSWHOARETRICKYANDINSIDIOUS,SUCHASCAOCAOINTHREEKINGDOMSPERIODBESIDES,INCHINESETRADITIONALCULTURE,WHITEISCIVILIANCLOTHESORUSEDFORFUNERALANDINENGLISHARTICLEARTANDARTWORKS,WHITEREPRESENTSPURE,REAL,INNOCENCEANDLOYALTY,SUCHAS“PARTICULARLYCONTEMPTIBLEWASTHEJIMCROWATTITUDEOFTHESOUTHERNWHITECHURCHES
36、,WHICHEVIDENTLYLOOKEDFORWARDTOALILYWHITEHEAVEN”特别可鄙的是南方白人教堂也采取隔离黑人的态度，这些白人教堂显然希望进入一个“纯白”的天堂SOWHITEISALSOUSEDINTHEWEDDINGBUTWHITEHASSOMEOTHERIMPLIEDMEANINGS,LIKE“AWHITEDAY”吉日,“AWHITEHOPE”足以为某一团体带来荣誉的人,“AWHITEELEPHANT”无实用价值的东西,“WHITEALERT”解除警报,“AWHITELIE”善意的谎言ANDSOON23REDAND红DURINGTHEWARRINGSTATESPERI
37、OD,THEFOUNDEROF“FIVEVIRTUES”ZOUYANTHOUGHTSOUTHROSEFINCHBELONGSTOFIRE,ANDITISREDHENCE,INCHINESEREDISFIREANDBLOODSCOLORCHINESENOTONLYUSEREDTOREPRESENTTHECOLOROFTHEOBJECT,BUTALSOUSEITASFESTIVAL,AUSPICIOUSNESS,VICTORYANDLUCKSSYMBOLINCHINESE“红白喜事”INDICATESWEDDINGANDFUNERAL“开门红”5INDICATESDOINGSOMETHINGGET
38、ASUCCESSINTHEBEGINNING“走红运”INDICATESHAVEAGOODLUCK“事业红火”INDICATESENTERPRISEISVERYSUCCESSFULBESIDES,REDALSOREPRESENTSREVOLUTION,ADVANCEANDYOUNGWOMEN,SUCHAS“红巾军”,“红色思想”AND“红颜”THEENGLISHTHINKREDREPRESENTSFAITHANDUNIVERSALLOVE,SOTHEYWEARREDCLOTHESINSOMELITURGIESANDINARTICLEARTREDMEANSHAPPYANDBLOODREDMEAN
39、SFIRMANDINDOMITABLEBESIDES,REDALSOHASMANYDIFFERENTIMPLIEDMEANINGINENGLISHIDIOM,SUCHAS“GOINTORED出现赤字，发生亏损”,“SEERED气得发疯，大发雷霆”AND“PAINTITRED把某物弄得引人注目”ESPECIALLYTHEPHRASE“GORED”,ITMEANS“赤化”,WHICHUSEDBYCAPITALRIGHTEOUSNESSCOUNTRIESREACTIONARYGROUPTOCALLCOMMUNISTS24YELLOWAND黄“YELLOW”AND“黄”HAVEBOTHPOSITIVE
40、MEANINGSANDNEGATIVEMEANINGSINENGLISHANDCHINESEASTHECOLOROFGOLDANDTHESUN,“YELLOW”ISTHESYMBOLOFWEALTH,HONORANDPOWERITSAHOLYCOLORINCHRISTIANITYTHEFATHERWEARSGOLDENCRUCIFIX,ANDTHEHOLYCUPUSEDBYJESUSINHISLASTSUPPERISALSOYELLOWTHEYELLOWCOLORISALSOAHOLYCOLORINTAOISMANDBUDDHISMSOMEMONKSANDTAOISTPRIESTSWOREYE
41、LLOWDRESSYELLOWPAPERWITHMAGICINCANTATIONSISREGARDEDBYSUPERSTITIOUSPEOPLEASAMEANSTOEXPELEVILSPIRITS“黄道吉日”ISADAYSUITABLEFORDOINGSOMEIMPORTANTTHINGS,SUCHASHOLDINGWEDDINGANDOPENINGCEREMONIESWHATSMORE,INCHINESE,“黄”ISTHESAMEINPRONUNCIATIONAS“皇”,SOTHEYELLOWCOLORHASBEENTHECOLOROFEMPERORSANDTHECOLORTERM“黄”HA
42、SBEENUSEDTOSYMBOLIZEIMPERIALPOWEREMPERORSINQINDYNASTYWEREDRESSEDINBLACKASASYMBOLOFSOLEMNITYLATER,EMPERORWUDIINHANDYNASTYCHANGEDTHEIMPERIALDRESSINTOYELLOWASARESPECTTOTHEEARTHINENGLISH,THEREISAPHRASE“AYELLOWRIBBON”,USEDASASYMBOLOFWELCOMEFORTHOSEPEOPLEWHOWILLRETURNHOME,ANDTHUS“TOHANGYELLOWRIBBONSFORSOM
43、EBODY”ISTOGIVEAWARMWELCOMEFORONESRETURNHOWEVER,“YELLOW”AND“黄”AREUSEDNEGATIVELYONSOMEOCCASIONSGOETHEDESCRIBEDYELLOWASAMERRYCOLOR,BUTTHESLIGHTESTOFINTERMINGLINGOFANOTHERCOLORMAYDEGRADEITANDMAKEITUNPLEASANTORDIRTYBOTH“YELLOW”AND“黄”IMPLYWARNING“AYELLOWCARD”OR“黄牌”ISORIGINALLYACARDHELDUPBYAFOOTBALLREFEREE
44、TOSHOWTHATAPLAYERHASDONESOMETHINGWRONGLATERITISUSEDGENERALLYTHROUGHOUTTHEWORLDASASYMBOLOFWARNINGINADDITION,“YELLOW”AND“黄”HAVETHEIRSPECIFICMEANINGSINENGLISH“YELLOW”ISUSEDTOMEAN“JEALOUS”,BECAUSEJUDASWOREYELLOWDRESSTHUS“YELLOWWITHENVY”ISUSUALLYUSEDALTERNATIVELYWITH“GREENWITHENVY”,SINCESOMEPEOPLEBELIEVE
45、THEIRRITABILITYCANCAUSETHEEXCESSIVESECRETIONWHICHMAKESHUMANSSKINSTURNYELLOWTHEMORECOMMONUSAGEOF6“YELLOW”ISTOREFERTOTHEDISHONESTSTYLEINEDITORIALCOMMENTANDTHEREPRESENTATIONOFNEWS,ESPECIALLYINSACRIFICINGTHETRUTHFORSENSATIONALISM“YELLOWJOURNALISM”ISAKINDOFJOURNALISMWITH“YELLOWJOURNALISM”ISAKINDOFJOURNAL
46、ISMWITHHEAVYEMPHASISONSCANDALS,ORPRESENTINGORDINARYNEWSINASENSATIONALMANNER,SOMETIMESEVENDISTORTINGTHEFACTSTOCREATEASENSATIONALEFFECTITHASDIFFERENTMEANINGFROM“黄色刊物”INCHINESEBECAUSE,INMODERNTIMESTHISCOLORTERMISOFTENUSEDTOMEAN“PORNOGRAPHIC”,“OBSCENE”,“FILTHY”,OR“VULGAR”WHILEINAMERICA,“YELLOWPAGES”ISAB
47、OOKWITHTHETELEPHONENUMBERSOFDIFFERENTSHOPS,BUSINESSES,ORGANIZATIONS,ETC25GREEDAND绿BOTHNATIVESPEAKERSOFENGLISHANDTHOSEOFCHINESEBELIEVETHATTHECOLORGREENISNOTONLYASYMBOLOFLIFEANDVIGOR,BUTALSOASIGNOFPEACEANDHOPE,ANDENDOWTHEBASICCOLORTERMS“GREEN”AND“绿”WITHMANYPOSITIVEMEANINGSRELEVANTTOLIFEATTHEMENTIONOFT
48、HEGREENCOLOR,PEOPLEWILLNATURALLYTHINKOFPLANTSSO“HASGREENFINGERS”MEANSAPERSONWHOISGOODATPLANTING“GREENHOUSE”ISUSEDFORGROWINGPLANTSTHATNEEDWARMTH,LIGHT,ANDPROTECTION,WHILE“GREENHOUSEEFFECT”MEANSTHEGRADUALWARMINGOFTHEAIRSURROUNDINGTHEEARTHASARESULTOFHEATBYPOLLUTIONTHUS“GREEN”AND“绿”ARECONNECTEDCLOSELYWI
49、THTHEENVIRONMENTFORINSTANCE“GREENREVOLUTION”REFERSTOANENVIRONMENTALPROTECTIONINADDITION,APOLITICALGROUPINGOFPEOPLEWHOSEAIMISTOPROTECTTHEENVIRONMENTISCALLED“THEGREENS”,“GREENOCRAT”,OR“GREENPARTY”THEWORDSWITH“GREEN”MENTIONEDABOVECANBETRANSLATEDDIRECTLYINTO“绿”INCHINESETHUS,INCHINESETHEREARE“绿色食品”,“绿色和平组织”,“绿色革命”,“绿色政党”,“绿色消费”THEGREENCOLORISALSOASYMBOLOFPASSING,SUCHAS“GREENLIGHT”OR“绿灯”SHOWSCARSORPEDESTRIANSAREALLOWEDTOGOFORWARD“GIVESOMEBODYTHEGREENLIGHT”MEANSGIVINGOFFICIALPERMISSIONFORSOMETHINGTOBESTARTEDINCHINESE,“开绿灯”CARRIESTHESAMEMEANINGHOWEVER,BECAUSEOFSEPARATIONINGEOGRAPHICA
