1、I（20_届）本科毕业设计英语中英文中颜色词的联想意义的对比以及颜色词的译法II摘要人类多姿多彩的生活从来都离不开颜色的点缀。持各种语言的人们对于颜色的基本物理属性有着相同的认识。然而，不同语言文化背景的人们，由于地理环境、宗教信仰、社会习俗、以及历史的原因，对于颜色词赋予了不同的联想与内涵。面对时代的发展、社会的进步、科技的不断提高，来自不同文化背景人们之间的交往与融合也随之不断加强。文化的不同在翻译实践中越来越受到关注。本文以红色为例探讨其在中英文中的使用，旨在发现颜色词在中英文中的“颜”外之意，并寻求在中英文翻译中的翻译原则与策略，以便更好地促进跨文化交流。本文以语言与文化的关系为基础，
2、探讨了汉英文化中红色的象征意义。并从颜色词联想意义不同的角度提出了颜色词翻译过程中常采用的具体翻译方法。关键词颜色词；汉英文化；象征意义；翻译方法IIIABSTRACTTHEWORLDISCOLOREDBYALLKINDSOFCOLORS,SOARETHELANGUAGESPEOPLEOFDIFFERENTLANGUAGESSHARETHESAMERECOGNITIONOFTHEPHYSICALFEATURESOFCOLORSHOWEVER,PEOPLEOFDIFFERENTCULTURALBACKGROUNDSUSUALLYASSOCIATECOLORWORDSWITHDIFFERENTTH
3、INGSANDCONNOTATIONSDUETOTHEDIFFERENCESOFGEOGRAPHICENVIRONMENT,RELIGIOUSBELIEFS,SOCIALPRACTICES,ANDHISTORYWITHTHEADVANCEOFTIMESANDTHERAPIDDEVELOPMENTOFTECHNOLOGIESANDTHEWORLDECONOMY,CROSSCULTURALCOMMUNICATIONSANDPENETRATIONSAMONGDIFFERENTCULTURALCOMMUNITIESAREBEINGQUICKENEDTHEREFORECULTURALDIFFERENCE
4、BECOMESANIMPORTANTTOPICINTRANSLATIONSTUDIESAIMEDATREVEALINGTHECONNOTATIONSANDIMPLICATIONSOFBASICCOLORWORDS,THISTHESISDISCUSSESTHEUSAGEOFTHECOLORTERMREDINENGLISHANDCHINESEBYTHISWAY,THISTHESISISINTENDEDTOFINDOUTPOSSIBLEPRINCIPLESONTHETRANSLATIONOFENGLISHANDCHINESECOLORWORDSSOASTOFACILITATECROSSCULTURA
5、LCOMMUNICATIONBEGINNINGWITHTHEINTRODUCTIONOFTHERELATIONSHIPBETWEENLANGUAGEANDCULTURE,THETHESISDISCUSSESTHEASSOCIATIVEMEANINGSOFTHECOLORTERMREDINCHINESEANDENGLISHCULTURESFINALLY,THECOMMONLYUSEDTRANSLATIONMETHODSANDPRINCIPLESFORCOLORWORDSAREPUTFORWARDBASEDONDIFFERENTASSOCIATIVEMEANINGSFORCOLORWORDSKEY
6、WORDSCOLORWORDSCHINESEANDENGLISHCULTURESASSOCIATIVEMEANINGSTRANSLATIONMETHODSIVCONTENTSABSTRACTIII1INTRODUCTION111RELATIONSHIPBETWEENLANGUAGEANDCULTURE112COLORANDCOLORTERMS32LITERATUREREVIEW321PREVIOUSSTUDIESONCOLORTERMSFROMHOMEANDABROAD322CRITICALCOMMENTSONTHEPREVIOUSSTUDIES63SEMANTICANALYSISOFTHEC
7、OLORTERMREDINCHINESEANDENGLISH631CULTURECONNOTATIONSOFREDINCHINESE732CULTURECONNOTATIONSOFREDINENGLISH933SIMILARITIESANDDIFFERENCES104TRANSLATIONPRINCIPLESANDMETHODSFORCOLORTERMS1141LITERALTRANSLATION1242TRANSLITERATION1343CONTEXTUALAMPLIFICATION1344SUBSTITUTION1445FREETRANSLATION145CONCLUSION15BIBL
8、IOGRAPHY19ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS2111INTRODUCTION11RELATIONSHIPBETWEENLANGUAGEANDCULTUREFORMANYYEARS,ETHNOLOGISTS,LINGUISTS,SOCIOLOGISTSANDETHNOGRAPHERSHAVEBEENDWELLINGONTHERELATIONSHIPBETWEENLANGUAGEANDCULTURETHEYHAVECONTRIBUTEDMANYTHEORETICALCOMMENTSANDINNUMERABLEFACTSHOWEVER,THEYARRIVEATONEPOINTTHATLANG
9、UAGEISTHEKEYSTONEOFCULTUREWITHOUTLANGUAGE,THEYMAINTAIN,CULTUREWOULDNOTBEPOSSIBLELANGUAGEISINFLUENCEDANDSHAPEDBYCULTUREITREFLECTSCULTUREINTHEBROADESTSENSE,LANGUAGEISTHESYMBOLICREPRESENTATIONOFTHEPEOPLEANDITCOMPRISESTHEIRHISTORICALANDCULTURALBACKGROUNDSASWELLASTHEIRAPPROACHTOLIFE,THEIRWAYSOFLIVINGANDT
10、HINKINGTHESETWOPOINTSINTERACTANDTHEUNDERSTANDINGOFONEREQUIRESUNDERSTANDINGTHEOTHERASREBECCAANDNEIL1995201PUTIT“LANGUAGEISONEOFTHEMOSTIMPORTANTSYMBOLSYSTEMSINANYCULTURETHEVOCABULARY,GRAMMARANDPHONOLOGYOFALANGUAGETELLAGREATDEALABOUTTHENATUREANDVALUESOFTHECULTUREINTHEGREATICEBERG,LANGUAGECANBECONSIDERE
11、DASHIGHLYOBSERVABLEBEHAVIORANDWITHINCONSCIOUSNESSANDITSDEEPER,SUBTLERMEANINGANDMESSAGESCANBESEENASMOREVALUE,THUSOUTOFCONSCIOUSNESS”THUS,LANGUAGEANDCULTUREARETIGHTLYCONNECTEDTHISCONNECTIONPENETRATESEVERYASPECTOFLANGUAGEINLANGUAGESYSTEMWORDANDEXPRESSIONSARETHEMOSTACTIVEANDANIMATECOMPONENTS,WHICHEMBODY
12、PEOPLESCONCEPTSANDATTITUDETOTHEOBJECTIVEWORLDANDDEVELOPMENTOFANATIONORASOCIETYTOBEEXACT,CULTURALPATTERNS,WAYSOFLIFE,RELIGIOUSBELIEFS,WORLDVIEWS,VALUECONCEPT,PERSONALITIESANDPERCEPTIONS,ETC,AREREFLECTEDINLANGUAGECULTUREISTHESOURCEOFLANGUAGE,IECULTURECHOOSESLANGUAGEGENERALLYSPEAKING,THECULTURALSIGNIFI
13、CANCEREQUIRESANATIONHAVEMOREWORDSANDEXPRESSIONSFORCERTAINCONCEPTTHESEWORDSANDEXPRESSIONSARECULTURESPECIFICRATHERTHANTHATOFNONCULTURESPECIFICFOREXAMPLE,THEINUITTRIBESHAVEASMANYASSEVENDIFFERENTWORDSTOREFERTO“SNOW”OFDIFFERENTSHAPESSUCHASFALLINGSNOW,SNOWONTHEGROUND,SNOWPACKEDHARDLIKEICE,SLUSHYSNOW,ANDWI
14、NDDRIVENSNOWETC,WHEREASENGLISHHASONLYTWOTHISINDICATESSNOWISCRUCIALTOTHEINTUITSLIFE,TRANSPORTATIONANDPRODUCTIONTHEREFORE,THEINTUITSHAVEAPROFOUNDUNDERSTANDINGANDDISTINGUISHINGPOWEROFSNOWWHILEFORENGLISHPEOPLE,THEYHAVEONLY“SNOW”INTHEIRLANGUAGEITMAKESNODISTINCTIONAMONGFALLINGSNOW,SNOWONTHEGROUNDANDBLOWIN
15、GSNOW,ETCCHANGZONGLIN,2004INCHINESE,THEREAREMANYWORDSTODESCRIBECHINESELIFE,SUCHAS“CHANGBAILIAN”唱白脸TOPLAYTHEVILLAIN,“HONGBAIXISHI”红白喜事WEDDINGSANDFUNERALS,AND“CHADUI”插队STAYANDLABORINACOUNTRYPRODUCTION2TEAMITWASAPOPULARPHRASEUSEDDURINGTHE“CULTURALREVOLUTION”TOREFERTOTHEEDUCATEDCITYYOUTHGOINGTOANDSETTLI
16、NGDOWNINTHECOUNTRYSIDEHOWEVER,INENGLISHSPEAKINGCOUNTRIES,THEREAREALMOSTNOEQUIVALENTEXPRESSIONSTOEXPRESSTHEMTHERELATIONSHIPOFLANGUAGEANDCULTURECANBESUMMARIZEDASFOLLOWSCULTUREANDLANGUAGEARECONNECTEDWITHEACHOTHERONTHEONEHAND,LANGUAGEISTHECARRIEROFCULTURE,CULTUREISLOADEDINLANGUAGE,THROUGHWHICHTHEMATERIA
17、LDEVELOPMENTS,INSTITUTIONALSYSTEMS,CONCEPTUALFEATURESANDTHELIKEOFACERTAINSOCIETYARERECORDED,EXPRESSEDANDTRANSMITTEDONTHEOTHERHAND,LANGUAGEISINFLUENCEDANDSHAPEDBYCULTUREANDMEANWHILEREFLECTSCULTURESOTHEUNDERSTANDINGOFACULTUREREQUIRESTHEUNDERSTANDINGOFTHECORRESPONDINGLANGUAGEANDVICEVERSAOURWORLDTAKESON
18、ACOLORFULLOOKBECAUSEOFTHENATURALCOLORS,SODOTHELANGUAGESCOLORWORDSAREANINTERESTINGLYANDEXTENSIVELYSTUDIEDLEXICALSETALTHOUGHTHEYAREQUITESMALLINNUMBER,ANDTHEYSHARETHESAMEDESIGNATIVEMEANINGSINALLLANGUAGES,THEYARELOADEDWITHRICHASSOCIATIVEMEANINGS,WHICH,TOGREATEXTENT,ARESHAPEDANDCONSTRAINEDBYVARIOUSCULTUR
19、ALSETTINGSTHEFLAGOFTHEOLYMPICGAMESHASFIVEINTERLOCKINGCOLORRINGSBLUE,YELLOW,BLACK,GREEN,ANDREDINORDERONAWHITEGROUNDTHECOLORRINGSREPRESENTTHEFIVECONTINENTSTHATAREJOINEDTOGETHERINTHEOLYMPICMOVEMENTEUROPE,ASIA,AFRICA,AUSTRALIA,ANDTHEAMERICASTHATSYMBOLICMEANINGOFTHECOLORSONTHEFLAGHASBEENUNDERSTOODANDACCE
20、PTEDBYPEOPLEALLOVERTHEWORLDFOROVERNINETYYEARSTAKETHECOLORWORD“RED”ASANOTHEREXAMPLEITMAYREMINDACHINESEOFSOMETHINGHAPPYORMAYCAUSEHIMORHERTOTHINKOFATRADITIONALFESTIVALDAYWHILEFORANATIVESPEAKEROFENGLISH,ITISMOSTLYASSOCIATEDWITHVIOLENCEORANGERTHEREFORE,PEOPLEOFDIFFEREDRACESANDTIMESHAVEDIFFERENTCULTURALVA
21、LUES,OREVENTHESAMEPEOPLEMAYCHANGETHEIRCULTURALVALUESWITHCHANGESOFTHESOCIETYSOITISQUITENATURALFORCOLORWORDSTOBECOMEAQUESTIONFORDISCUSSIONINBOTHLANGUAGEANDCULTUREFIELDSSINCETHEYDIFFERGREATLYINTHEIRSYMBOLICVALUESBESIDESTHESAMEPHYSICALFEATURESINALLLANGUAGESTHEWORLDISGRADUALLYBECOMINGAGLOBALVILLAGE,THATI
22、STOSAY,COMMUNITIESOFDIFFERENTLANGUAGESANDCULTURESAREINTENSIFYINGTHEIRACTIVITIESOFCOMMUNICATIONTRANSLATION,ASABRIDGEBETWEENDIFFERENTCULTURALCOMMUNICATIONS,PLAYSAVERYIMPORTANTROLEINTHESEACTIVITIESHOWEVER,TRANSLATIONISNOTSIMPLYTHEACTOFTRANSFERRINGTHEMEANINGOFATEXTFROMONELANGUAGEINTOANOTHERINFACT,ITHASB
23、EENINDISPENSABLYINVOLVEDINTHEVARIOUSCULTURALCOMMUNICATIONSANDPENETRATIONSBETWEENDIFFERENTNATIONSANDDIFFERENTRACESUNDERSUCHBACKDROP,USINGTHECOLORTERMREDASACASE,THEPRESENTSTUDYENDEAVORSTOLOOKINTOTHEASSOCIATIVEMEANINGSOFCOLORWORDSBETWEENCHINESEANDENGLISHBASEDONTHEDIFFERENCESANDSIMILARITIESOFASSOCIATIVE
24、MEANINGSOF“RED”,THEAUTHORALSOPUTSFORWARDTRANSLATIONSTRATEGIESTHATCANGUIDEANDINFORMCOLORWORDTRANSLATIONPRACTICE312COLORANDCOLORTERMSCOLORHASLONGBEENANINTERESTANDACONCERNFORHUMANBEINGSEARLIERPURSUITSOFCOLORVISIONANDCOLORPERCEPTIONCANBETRACEDBACKTOANCIENTTIMESCOLORISANATURALPHENOMENONWHICHEXISTSINEVERY
25、CORNEROFTHEHUMANENVIRONMENTITISAPARTOFPERCEPTIONANDEXPERIENCEOFALLHUMANBEINGTOWARDTHEOUTSIDEWORLDSOITISEVERYONESTOPICWHEREVERHEISFROMORWHATEVERETHNICGROUPHEISIN“SCIENTIFICRESEARCHINDICATESTHATSEVENMILLIONKINDSOFCOLORSCANBEFOUNDINTHEWORLDHOWEVER,COLOREXPRESSIONSAREONLYLIMITEDTOSEVERALHUNDREDSINCLASSI
26、FICATIONTHENUMBEROFWORDSFOREXPRESSINGCOLORINLANGUAGESOFVARIOUSNATIONALITIESDIFFERSANDITSCLASSIFICATIONVARIESASWELL”BAOHUINAN,2004128COLOR,INITSNATURALSTATE,POSSESSESCONTINUITYLIKELONGCOLOREDRIBBONITISTERRIBLYDIFFICULTTOSEPARATEAPIECEOFRIBBONFROMWHICHPARTISRED,WHICHPARTISORANGE,WHICHPARTISYELLOWCOLOR
27、ITSELFISANABSTRACTCONCEPTANDAVAGUESENSELATER,WITHTHEEVOLUTIONOFMODERNCIVILIZATION,PEOPLEDIVIDEDTHEIRVISUALIMAGEINTODIFFERENTPARTSANDADDEDLABELSTOTHEM,WHICHARELANGUAGESVIRTUALLYTHENTHERIBBONBECAMEASUBSTANCECOMPOSEDOFCONCRETEANDSEPARATESEGMENTSTHEREAREMILLIONSOFMILLIONSSUBSTANCEONTHEPLANETOFEARTH,EACH
28、OFWHICHPOSSESSESDISTINCTIVECOLORCOLORTERMSAREUSEDTOSHOWCOLORSOFALLSORTS,SOCOLORTERMISARECOGNIZEDSYMBOLDESCRIBINGEACHCOLORINTHEWORLD2LITERATUREREVIEW21PREVIOUSSTUDIESONCOLORTERMSFROMHOMEANDABROADEACHPROGRESSOFRESEARCHONCOLORTERMISCLOSELYLINKEDWITHHUMANCIVILIZATIONENLIGHTENMENTOFNATURALSCIENCEINTHE17T
29、HCENTURYPROMOTEDTHERESEARCHONCOLORINTHEAREASOFPHYSICSANDOPTICSTHEBOOMINGOFRESEARCHONPHILOSOPHYINTHE18THCENTURYBROUGHTABOUTTHERESEARCHONCOLORINTHEAREAOFAESTHETICTHEPROGRESSINGOFSCIENCEOFHUMANCULTUREINTHE19THCENTURYLAIDASOLIDFOUNDATIONOFRESEARCHONCOLORTERMINTHEAREAOFCROSSCULTURECOMPARISONSINCETHE20THC
30、ENTURY,WITHTHEJOININGOFLINGUISTS,THEIDEAOFLANGUAGEUNIVERSALITYRULEHASBEENSTRESSEDONANDGOTRECOGNIZEDINTHEPASTTHREEDECADES,WITHTHEDEVELOPMENTOFNEUROLOGY,BIOLOGYGENETICS,COGNITIVESCIENCEANDCOGNITIVEPSYCHOLOGY,PEOPLEDISCOVEREDTHEINNERCOMPLEXRELATIONSOFCOLORS,CONSIDERABLYENRICHINGTHEUNDERSTANDINGOFINNERM
31、ECHANISMANDEXTERIORFUNCTIONSOFCOLORVOCABULARYSYSTEMANDADVANCINGLINGUISTICRESEARCHONCOLORTERMCOLORTERMFORMSASPECIALGROUPOFGLOSSARYAND4THESPECIALQUALITYOFCOLORTERMHASBEENATTRACTINGSCHOLARSFROMHOMEANDABROADTAKINGTHECOLORTERMREDASANEXAMPLE,XUFANG2008EXPLOREDSEMANTICSIMILARITIESANDDIFFERENCESOFCOLORTERMS
32、BETWEENCHINESEANDENGLISHINTERMSOFBASICSEMANTICEQUIVALENCES,PARTIALSEMANTICEQUIVALENCES,NONSEMANTICEQUIVALENCESANDZEROSEMANTICEQUIVALENCESHERSTUDYALSOLOOKSINTOTHECULTURALMECHANISMSTHATUNDERLIESUCHSEMANTICSIMILARITIESANDDIFFERENCESOFCOLORTERMSUNDERTHEFRAMEWORKOFCOGNITIVELINGUISTICSANDBASEDONTHETHEORIE
33、SOFMETAPHORANDMETONYMY,ZHANGZHUXIANG2CONNOTATIVEMEANING3SOCIALMEANING4AFFECTIVEMEANING5REFLECTEDMEANING6COLLECTIVEMEANING7THEMATICMEANINGLEECHSAYSTHATCONCEPTUALMEANINGISCONCERNEDWITHTHERELATIONSHIPBETWEENAWORDANDTHETHINGITREFERSTO,ANDCONNOTATIVEANDTHEFOLLOWINGFOURTYPESARECOLLECTIVELYKNOWNASASSOCIATI
34、VEMEANINGINTHESENSETHATANELEMENTARYASSOCIATIONSTHEORYOFMENTALCONNECTIONSISENOUGHTOEXPLAINTHEIRUSAGEASTOTHELASTTHEMATICMEANING,ITISPERIPHERALSINCEITISONLYDETERMINEDBYTHEORDEROFTHEWORDINASENTENCEANDTHEDIFFERENTPROMINENCETHEYEACHRECEIVETHEASSOCIATIVEMEANINGOFAWORDMOREORLESSRELATEDTOCULTUREONEOFTHEGOALS
35、OFTRANSLATIONISTOCONVEYTHEMEANINGANDSTYLEOFTHEORIGINALLANGUAGE,BUTDICTIONARYTRANSLATIONSRARELYREFLECTCOMMONLANGUAGEUSAGEINACULTURETHOUGHPROFICIENCYINBOTHTHESOURCEANDTARGETLANGUAGESISIMPORTANT,TRANSLATORSNEEDTOTRANSLATENOTONLYTOATARGETLANGUAGEBUTTOATARGETCULTUREASWELLTHEREFORE,ONEWAYTOHAVEAFULLUNDERS
36、TANDINGOFTHE7MEANINGSOFAWORDISTOPUTTHESTUDYOFTHEWORDUNDERTHEWHOLECULTURALBACKGROUNDOFASOCIETY31CULTURECONNOTATIONSOFREDINCHINESE1JUBILATION,GOODFORTUNEANDCELEBRATIONTHECOLOROFREDINCHINESEISTHESYMBOLOFHAPPY,LUCKYANDJOYINTHEWEDDINGCEREMONY,BIRTHDAYPARTYANDSOMESPECIALDAYS,PEOPLEWILLUSESOMETHINGREDTOADD
37、HAPPINESSINTHEWEDDINGCEREMONIES,REDCHARACTERXI喜“HAPPINESS”,REDCANDLES,REDHEADCOVERSANDREDDRESSESOFTHEBRIDES,ALLBRINGTHEFESTIVALATMOSPHEREANDMAKEPEOPLETHINKTHATDAYSAFTERWEDDINGWILLBECOMEBETTERDURINGTHEHOLIDAYS,PEOPLEWILLPOSTTHEREDCOUPLETSONGATEPOSTS,HANGTHEREDINSCRIBEDBOARD,ANDEXTENDTHEREDCARPETANDSO
38、ONFORMANYYEARSTHECOLOROFREDCANBEEXORCISETHEEVILSPIRITSAMONGTHEPEOPLE,SOTHEYWILLPUTONTHEREDPANTSANDBELTINCHINESECULTURE,WHENAFAMILYHASANEWBIRTH,THEYOFTENSENDREDEGGSTOTHEIRFRIENDSANDRELATIVESFORCELEBRATIONINTHEPLAYROMANCEOFTHEWESTERNCHAMBER,WRITTENBYGUANHANGINGINYUANDYNASTY,HONGNIANG红娘，CUIYINGYINGSMAI
39、D,WASTHEGOBETWEENOFCUIYINGYINGANDZHANGSHENGANDBROUGHTABOUTTHEUNIONOFTHELOVERSLATER,HONGNIANGUSEDASANALTERNATIVENAMEFORAGOBETWEENORMATCHMAKER2PROSPERITY,SUCCESSANDVICTORYTHECOLOROFREDHASTHEMEANINGOFGOODLUCKORSOMETHINGTHATGOESSMOOTHLYATTHEOPENINGOFABUSINESSORTHEOPENINGCEREMONYOFAFAIR,REDRIBBONSARECUTB
40、ECAUSETHEYARETHOUGHTTOBRINGGOODFORTUNEANDSUCCESSKAIMENHONG开门红“HAVEAGOODSTART”SYMBOLIZESGOODFORTUNEHONGYUN红运“GOODLUCK”,HONGBANG红榜“REDLIST“,HONGRIGAOZHAO红日高照“THEREDISSHININGHIGHTOBRINGGOODFORTUNE”AREALLGOODEXAMPLES3WEALTHINANCIENTCHINA,REDISAGRACEFULCOLOR,SYMBOLIZINGWEALTHANDHIGHSOCIALPOSITIONTHEOUTST
41、ANDINGPOETDUFUINTANGDYNASTYWROTEAFAMOUSPOEM,SAYINGZHUMENJIUROUCHOU,朱门酒肉臭“BEHINDTHEREDGATESOFTHERICH,MEATANDWINEARELEFTTOROT”THECONTEMPORARYCHINESEDICTIONARY,20022498INWHICHZHUMEN朱门REFERSTOTHEREDPAINTEDGATES,IMPLYINGTHEHOUSESWHEREHIGHOFFICIALSANDNOBLESLIVEDINARCHAICCHINESEBUILDINGS,RAFTERS,COLUMNS,DO
42、ORS,WINDOWSANDOTHERSTRUCTURALCOMPONENTSOFPALACES,TEMPLESANDNOBLEHOUSESAREPAINTEDINREDLATER,ZHUMEN朱门BECOMETHESYNONYMOFWEALTHANDHIGHSOCIALSTATUSINADDITION,NOBLES,HIGHOFFICIALSANDRICHPEOPLEAREDRESSEDINREDINTANGDYNASTY,THEOFFICIALSWHOWERESUPERIORTOTHEFIFTHRANK,WERE8REQUIREDTOWEARREDCOURTDRESS,THEREFORE,
43、THEREDDRESSBECAMETHESYMBOLOFSUCCESSANDPOWER4REVOLUTIONANDADVANCEMENTWHENTHEFLAGOFBOLSHEVISMROSEINTHEHOMETOWNOFLENIN,ANDMARXISMLENINISMWIDESPREADINCHINA,THEMEANINGOFREVOLUTIONOFREDCOLORMELTEDINTOTHETRADITIONALCULTUREINCHINACHINESENATIONALFLAG,WUXINGHONGQI五星红旗“FIVESTARNATIONALFLAG”ISREDWHICHMEANSBEING
44、STAINEDREDBYTHEBLOODOFTHEREVOLUTIONARIESANDMARTYRS,WHILEHONGLINGJIN红领巾“REDSCARF”SYMBOLIZESACORNEROFTHEREDFLAGANDISANEMBLEMOFTHEYOUNGPIONEERSREDINSUCHEXPRESSIONSASHONGJUN红军“THEREDARMY”,HONGSEZHENGQUAN红色政权“REDPOLITICALPOWER”ANDHONGSEGENJUDI红色根据地“THEREVOLUTIONARYBASE”ALSOIMPLYTHECONNOTATIONOFREVOLUTION
45、INTHECULTURALREVOLUTION,REDWASUSEDPOLITICALLYCHAIRMANMAOWASTITLEDHONGTAIYANG红太阳ANDHISWORKSWASCALLEDHONGBAOSHU红宝书THEHIGHESTLEADINGINSTITUTIONWASHONGSESILINGBU红色司令部THEPEOPLESLIBERATIONARMYWASDESCRIBEDASHONGSECHANGCHENG红色长城ANDHONGSEGEQU红色歌曲WERETHESONGSPROPAGATINGREVOLUTIONARYIDEAS5DANGER,DEFICITANDWARN
46、INGREDISALSOTHECOLOROFFIRE,BLOODANDWAR,REVOLUTIONARYBATTLESTHATUSUALLYMAKETHEWARRIORSBLEED,THUSREDMEANSDANGEROUS,SUCHASTHEREDLIGHTINTRAFFICREGULATIONSSERVESASASIGNREMINDINGANDWARNINGDRIVERSTOSTOP“INTHERED”,“REDFIGURE”,“REDINK”REFERSTOTHEDEFICIT,OROWINGMOREMONEYTHANYOUHAVE,BYCONTRASTINGTO“INTHEBLACK”
47、,BECAUSEINBUSINESSPEOPLEUSUALLYUSEREDINKTORECORDTHEPARTOFDEFICIT,ASASIGNOFWARNINGINCHINA,WRITINGLETTERSINREDINKISARATHERIMPOLITEBEHAVIOR6FEMALETHECHINESECOLORTERMSHONGYAN红颜ANDHONGFENJIARE红粉佳人AREUSEDTOIMPLYABEAUTIFULORYOUNGWOMANHONGZHUANG红妆MEANSAWOMANINRICHATTIREHONGGUI红闺ORHONGLOU红楼REFERSTOALADYSROOM
48、ORABOUDOIRHONGDOU红豆USEDTOSYMBOLIZELOVEINANCIENTLITERATURE7HEALTHWHATSMORE,COLOROFREDCANEXPRESSPSYCHOLOGICALSTATES,SUCHASMANMIANHONGGUANG满面红光“RADIANTWITHHAPPINESS”,MIANSEHONGRUN面色红润“INVERYGOODHEALTH“,ANDSOON8JEALOUSYIFSOMEONEISGETTING“RED”BECOMEPOPULARANDSUCCESSFUL,OTHERSWOULDENVYORFEELJEALOUSOFHIMTH
49、ATSHOWREDGETSITSMEANING,ENVYORJEALOUSYYANHONG眼红“ENVY”ANDHONGYANBING红眼病DOESNOTMEANANYDISEASEATALLINSTEAD,THEYMEANSOMEONEISJEALOUS99POPULARITYTHEREDALSOCONVEYSPOPULARITY,SUCHASDAHONGDAZI大红大紫，HONGREN红人,ZOUHONG走红ORHONGHUO红火WHICHMEANSAGOODBUSINESS32CULTURECONNOTATIONSOFREDINENGLISH1DANGERACCORDINGTOBIBLE,WHENADAMANDEVE,THEALLEGEDANCESTORSOFHUMANBEINGS,COMMITTEDTHEORIGINALSIN,GODSAIDTOEVE“IWILLGREATLYINCREASEYOURPAINSINCHILDBEARINGINPAINYOUSHALLBRINGFORTHCHILDREN”THEGREATPAINTHATAWOMANSUFFERSINGIVINGBIRTHTOACHILDISBLEEDINGFREELY,ANDTHATMAYBEWHYBLOODBECAMEASYMBOLOFMISERYANDREDBECAMEASSOCIATE
