1、（20_届）本科毕业设计英语麦田里的守望者的象征手法的解读ASTUDYONTHEUSEOFSYMBOLISMINTHECATCHERINTHERYEI摘要麦田里的守望者是美国作家杰戴塞林格第一部也是唯一的一部长篇小说。角色困惑和象征主义是本论文主要讨论的问题。塞林格使用许多具有深刻含义的象征贯穿全文。本文从介绍小说的社会历史背景及象征手法的定义入手，着重分析了托马斯山，红色猎人帽等四个反应主人公角色困惑的意象，并进而讨论了表现主人公对身份进行探求，及探求失败的象征手法运用。关键词象征；困惑；探求IIABSTRACTTHECATCHERINTHERYE,ISJDSALINGERSONLYNOVE
2、LITDEPICTSHOLDENSTHREEDAYROVINGINNOWYORKROLECONFUSIONANDSYMBOLISMARETHETWOIMPORTANTISSUESTOBEDISCUSSEDINTHISTHESISINORDERTOREVEALTHEPROTAGONISTSROLECONFUSION,SALINGERUSESMANYMEANINGFULSYMBOLSTHROUGHOUTTHENOVEL,INCLUDINGTHEREDHUNTINGHAT,THETHOMSENHILL,THEHEROSAGAINSTTHEADULTHOODANDTHETITLE“THECATCHER
3、INTHERYE“THESECONDPARTOFTHETHESISFOCUSESONTHESYMBOLSSUGGESTINGTHEHEROSQUESTFORSELFIDENTITYANDSYMBOLSSUGGESTINGTHEFAILUREOFTHEQUESTKEYWORDSSYMBOLISMCONFUSIONQUESTIIICONTENTS摘要ABSTRACT11INTRODUCTIONTOJDSALINGERANDTHENOVEL112INTRODUCTIONTOSYMBOLANDSYMBOLISM12SYMBOLSOFROLECONFUSION221THETHOMSENHILL222CH
4、ILDRENANDADULTCHARACTERS323THEREDHUNTINGHAT424“THECATCHERINTHERYE”53SYMBOLSOFQUESTANDDOOMOFHOLDENSQUEST531SYMBOLSOFQUEST6311SYMBOLSOFQUESTFORSELFIDENTITY6312SYMBOLSOFQUESTFORINNOCENCE6313SYMBOLOFQUESTFORPROTECTION732SYMBOLSOFTHEDOOMOFQUEST8321HOLDENSPARENTS8322JAMESCASTLE9323DIRTYWORDSONTHEWALL94CON
5、CLUSION9BIBLIOGRAPHY11ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS1111INTRODUCTIONTHECATCHERINTHERYETHEONLYNOVELBYSALINGER,DESCRIBESHOLDENSTHREEDAYROVINGINNEWYORKTOREFLECTTHESPIRITUALSTRUGGLEOFAMERICANYOUTHIN1950SITHASALASTINGINFLUENCEONAMERICANYOUTHTHEREAREMANYSYMBOLSINVOLVEDINTHECATCHERINTHERYE,SOANALYZINGTHEUSEOFSYMBOLISMIN
6、THENOVELCANHELPREADERSUNDERSTANDITBETTER11INTRODUCTIONTOJDSALINGERANDTHENOVELJDSALINGER19192010,ADISTINGUISHEDAMERICANNOVELISTANDSHORTSTORYWRITER,HOLDSASIGNIFICANTPLACEINLITERATUREAFTERWORLDWARTWOHEISFAMOUSFORHISFIRSTNOVELTHECATCHERINTHERYE1951,WHICHHASBECOMEONEOFTHETWO“MODERNCLASSICS“INCONTEMPORARY
7、AMERICANLITERATURETHEOTHERONEISRALPHELLISONSTHEINVISIBLEMANPUBLISHEDIN1952THESTORYCOVERSASPANOFTHREEDAYS,FROMTHEDAYHOLDENLEAVESPENCEYPREP,THEFOURTHSCHOOLHEHASFLUNKEDOUTOF,TOTHEDAYHEWATCHEDHISSISTERPHOEBERIDINGCARROUSELINTHERAINATTHEZOOHEINTENDSTOGOHOMEFOURDAYSLATERLIKEOTHERSTUDENTSWHENTHECHRISTMASVA
8、CATIONBEGINSHEFEELSDESPERATEHELPLESSNESSDURINGTHETHREEDAYSHESPENDSROVING,SOMETHINGHEENCOUNTERSBECOMESTHELASTSTRAWUPONHOLDENSSHOULDERSANDEVENTUALLYLEADSTOHISBREAKDOWNAFTERTHECATCHERINTHERYEWASPUBLISHED,ITBECAMEONEOFTHEMOSTLASTINGBESTSELLERSINTHEHISTORYOFAMERICANLITERATUREIMMEDIATELYINONEWAYORANOTHER,
9、THEBOOKINFLUENCEDMANYYOUNGPEOPLE,ESPECIALLYTHOSEWHOWILLENTERINTOTHEIRADOLESCENCESUCHGREATIMPACTISCLOSELYRELATEDTOTHESOCIALANDHISTORICALBACKGROUNDOFTHENOVELIN1950S,ASTHEWINNERINTHESECONDWORLDWAR,AMERICAGOTALOTOFBENEFITSFROMTHEWARANDTHENITBECAMETHERICHESTANDTHEMOSTPOWERFULCOUNTRYINTHEWORLDINTHEPOSTWOR
10、DWARAMERICATHESOCIAL,ECONOMICANDPOLITICALSITUATIONSLEADSTOAMERICANYOUNGMENSPSYCHOLOGICALPROBLEMS12INTRODUCTIONTOSYMBOLANDSYMBOLISMSYMBOLSAREOBJECTS,CHARACTERS,FIGURES,ANDCOLORSUSEDTOREPRESENTABSTRACTIDEASORCONCEPTSINOTHERWORDS,ASYMBOLISANYTHINGWHICHSIGNIFIESSOMETHINGTHEREFORE,ALLWORDSARESYMBOLSFROME
11、TYMOLOGICALPOINTOFVIEW,THEWORD“SYMBOL“COMESTOTHEENGLISHLANGUAGEBYWAYOFMIDDLEENGLISHFROMTHEGREEK“SMBOLON“THEROOTWORDS“SYN”，MEANING“TOGETHER“,AND“BOL“,MEANING“THROW“NAMELY,THEMEANINGOF“SYMBOL“IS“TOTHROWTOGETHER“THEREFORE,THEORIGINALMEANINGOF“SYMBOL“ISANINCOMPLETETHINGWHICHNEEDSTHEOTHERTHINGORITSOTHERH
12、ALFTOMAKEITINTACTSHENJUN,2009472SYMBOLISMWASALATENINETEENTHCENTURYARTMOVEMENTOFFRENCHANDBELGIANORIGININPOETRYANDOTHERARTSSYMBOLISMCANBEDESCRIBEDASALITERARYTECHNIQUEOFEXPRESSINGIDEASANDEMOTIONSNEITHERBYDESCRIBINGTHEMDIRECTLY,NORDEFININGTHEM,BUTUSEOFSYMBOLSTOREPRESENTIDEASORQUALITIESTOACERTAINDEGREE,T
13、HECATCHERINTHERYEISATYPICALNOVEL,BECAUSETHEAUTHORUSESMANYSYMBOLSINTHENOVEL,SUCHASTHEREDHUNTINGHAT,THENATURALMUSEUM,ANDEVENTHETITLEOFTHECATCHERINTHERYEALTHOUGHTHENOVELISEASYTOREAD,ITISVERYDIFFICULTTOUNDERSTANDJUSTBECAUSEOFSOMANYSYMBOLSINITSYMBOLSINSALINGERSNOVELSAREEFFORTSTOEXPRESSINGWHATHISBOOKSAREA
14、BOUTNONEOFTHESYMBOLSAREARTIFICIAL,ALLOFTHEMOCCURNATURALLYINTHESCENESINWHICHTHEYAPPEAR,ANDMOSTOFTHEMALLOWREADERSTOMAKESEVERALDIFFERENTINTERPRETATIONS2SYMBOLSOFROLECONFUSIONROLECONFUSIONISANIMPORTANTTHEMEINTHECATCHERINTHERYEASASIXTEENYEAROLDYOUTH,HOLDENISGOINGONHISWAYTOADULTHOODBUTHEFOUNDITISDIFFICULT
15、FORHIMTOADJUSTHIMSELFTOADAPTTOTHEADULTSWORLDADOLESCENCEISAVERYIMPORTANTPERIODINYOUNGMENSDEVELOPMENT，DURINGWHICHTHEYOUNGGOTHROUGHAVARIETYOFCHANGESTOPREPARETHEMSELVESFORADULTHOODINTHENOVEL,ROLECONFUSIONISMANIFESTEDBYTHEUSEOFFOURSYMBOLS,INCLUDINGTHETHOMSENHILL,CHILDRENANDADULTCHARACTERS,THEREDHUNTINGHA
16、T,AND“THECATCHERINTHERYE”,INORDERTOSHOWTHEHEROSPREDICAMENTBETWEENCHILDHOODANDADULTHOOD21THETHOMSENHILLATTHEVERYBEGINNINGOFTHENOVEL,WHENREADERSFIRSTMEETHOLDENCAULFIELDINTHESTORY,HEISSTANDINGONTOPOFTHOMSENHILL,SEPARATEDHIMSELFFROMTHERESTOFSCHOOLMATESATPENCEYPREPSUCHAPOSITIONONTHETOPOFTHOMSENHILLISASYM
17、BOLFORHOLDENSATTITUDEFORTHESOCIETYANDHISUNWILLINGNESSTOGETINVOLVEDINTOTHEHYPOCRITICALANDUNJUSTLIFETHENHOLDENTELLSREADERSTHEFACTTHEREASONIWASSTANDINGWAYUPONTHOMSENHILL,INSTEADOFDOWNATTHEGAME,WASBECAUSEIDJUSTGOTBACKFROMNEWYORKWITHTHEFENCINGTEAMILEFTALLTHETOILANDEQUIPMENTANDSTUFFONTHEGODDAMSUBWAYTHEWHO
18、LETEAMOSTRACIZEDMETHEWHOLEWAYBACKONTHETRAINTHEOTHERREASONIWASNTDOWNATTHEGAMEWASBECAUSE1WASONMYWAYTOSAYGOODBYETOOLDSPENCERIFORGOTTOTELLYOUABOUTTHATTHEYKICKEDMEOUTJDSALINGER,20083AFTERBEINGEXCLUDEDBYTHEFENCINGTEAM,HOLDENHASFLUNKEDOUTOFPENCEYPREPHEISNOWHERETOGO,THEREFORE,HEISONLYSTANDINGONTHETOPOFTHETH
19、OMSENHILL,WATCHINGTHEDISAPPOINTINGLIFELIKEANOUTSIDERFROMTHISREADERSCANFINDTHATPEOPLEAROUNDHOLDENARE3INDIFFERENTANDMERCILESSWHENHEISSTUCKONTHETHRESHOLDOFGROWINGUP,HEGETSLOSTTHOMSENHILLPLAYSTHEPARTOFTHEFIRSTSYMBOLOFHISROLECONFUSION22CHILDRENANDADULTCHARACTERSAFTERREADINGTHENOVEL,READERSWILLFINDTHEREAR
20、EONLYTHREEPEOPLETHATHOLDENPREFERSTHEYAREPHOEBE,ALLIEANDJANEHOLDENENJOYSRECALLINGALLOFTHEEVENTSTHEYEXPERIENCEDTOGETHERBECAUSETHESEAREALLHISSPIRITUALENJOYMENTPHOEBEISHISTENYEAROLDSISTERALLIEISHISYOUNGERBROTHERWHOHASDIEDWHENHEWASJUSTALITTLEBOYSOINHOLDENSMEMORY,ALLIEISACHILDFOREVERJANENEVERAPPEARSBEFORE
21、HOLDENSRECALLINGOFHERBUTJANEISHOLDENSIMAGINARYCOMPANIONINTHENOVELWHENEVERHESPEAKSOFTHETHREEOFTHEM,HEISALWAYSSATISFIEDWITHANYONEOFTHEM,WHICHCANBESEENFROMHISRESPECTIVEDESCRIPTIONSOFTHETHREECHARACTERSHOLDENSDESCRIPTIONOFPHOEBE“YOUSHOULDSEEHERYOUNEVERSAWALITTLEKIDSOPRETTYANDSMARTINYOURWHOLELIFESHESREALL
22、YSMART”JDSALINGER,200867HOLDENSDESCRIPTIONOFALLIE“HEWASTWOYEARSYOUNGERTHANIWAS,BUTHEWASABOUTFIFTYTIMESASINTELLIGENTHEWASTERRIFICALLYINTELLIGENTHEWASALSOTHENICESTINLOTSOFWAYSHENEVERGOTMADATANYBODYPEOPLEWITHREDHAIRARESUPPOSEDTOGETMADVERYEASILY,BUTALLIENEVERDID,ANDHEHADVERYREDHAIR”JDSALINGER200838HOLDE
23、NSDESCRIPTIONOFJANE“AFTERAWHILE,SHEGOTUPANDWENTINANDPUTONTHISREDANDWHITESWEATERSHEHAD,THATKNOCKEDMEOUT,ANDWEWENTTOAGODDAMMOVIE”JDSALINGER200879THEDESCRIPTIONSOFTHESETHREEPEOPLEAREALSOSYMBOLICINMEANINGTHETENYEAROLDPHOEBEREPRESENTSTHECHILDHOODWORLDWHICHISPASTANDHECANNOTLIVEINITAGAINFOREVERALLIEWHOISDE
24、ADNOWISTHESYMBOLOFTHETHINGSTHATHAVEPASSEDANDCANNOTGETANYLONGERJANEHASBECOMEOTHERPEOPLESLOVERNOW,ANDSHEISNOTHISCOMPANIONANYMORESOTHETHREEPEOPLETHATHOLDENLIKESREPRESENTTHEDIFFERENTTHINGSTHATHAVEPASSEDANDTHATHEISNOTABLETOGETAGAININCONTRAST,WHENEVERHOLDENSPEAKSOFTHEPEOPLEWHOAREOLDERTHANHIM,HEALWAYSDOESS
25、OINANUNSATISFACTORYTONEFOREXAMPLE,HEDESCRIBESACKLEYBYSAYING“HEWASASENIOR,ANDHEDBEENATPENCEYTHEWHOLEFOURYEARS,BUTNOBODYEVERCALLEDHIMANYTHINGEXCEPTACKLEY”JDSALINGER,200819SIMILARLY,HISDESCRIPTIONOFSTRADLATERISALSOUNFAVORABLE“HEALWAYSLOOKEDALLRIGHT,STRADLATER,BUTFORINSTANCE,YOUSHOULDVESEENTHERAZORHESHA
26、VEDHIMSELFWITHITWASALWAYSRUSTYASHELLANDFULLOFLATHERANDHAIRSANDCRAPHENEVERCLEANEDITORANYTHING”IBIDTHEFOLLOWINGDIAGRAMSHOWSCLEARLYTHATHOLDENLIKESEVERYTHINGABOUTTHECHILDRENBUT4HEDISLIKESANYTHINGABOUTTHEADULTSCLASSIFICATIONCHARACTERSSYMBOLICMEANINGSCHILDRENPHOEBEREPRESENTGOODINHOLDENSMINDALLIEJANETHECHI
27、LDRENINTHEPARKADULTSACKLEYREPRESENTBADINHOLDENSMINDSTRADLATERMAURICEERNIETHEHEADMASTEROBVIOUSLY,HOLDENLIKESANYPERSONWHOISYOUNGERTHANHIMWHILEHEDISLIKESANYPERSONWHOISOLDERTHANHIMHOLDENISEAGERTORETURNTOHISCHILDHOODINOTHERWORDS,HEONLYFEELSCONFIDENTANDHOPEFULOFTHECHILDRENBUTLOOKSDOWNONTHEADULTSHEISNOTWIL
28、LINGTOFACEUPTOTHEAGEHEISGOINGTOSTEPINTOBUTINDULGESINTHEPASTHEHASSTEPPEDOUTHELACKSTHECOURAGEANDPREPARATIONTOGRASPTHETHINGSOFHISOWNAGEANDHISLIFETIMEHEISACOWARDOFTHEPRESENTANDTHEFUTURE23THEREDHUNTINGHATHOLDENSREDHUNTINGHATSYMBOLIZESHISINDEPENDENCEHEMENTIONSTHEHATEVERYTIMEHEWEARSIT,SYMBOLICOFHISDESIRETO
29、MENTIONHOWINDEPENDENTHEISTHEHATISVERYSTRANGEANDITSHOWSTHATHOLDENISEXTREMELYDIFFERENTFROMPEOPLEAROUNDHIMTHEREDHUNTINGHATWITHAVERYLONGVISORWHICHAPPEARS24TIMESINTOTALISAMONGTHEMOSTRECOGNIZABLESYMBOLSINTHENOVELFURTHERMORE,WHATMAKESHOLDENDIFFERENTFROMOTHERSISTHATHELIKESTOWEARHISCAPWITHTHEPEAKREVERSED“ISW
30、UNGTHEOLDPEAKWAYAROUNDTOTHEBACKILIKEDITTHATWAY“JDSALINGER,200818ITTELLSUSTHEVERYDIRECTIONOFHOLDENSSEARCHHEISTRYINGTOGOBACKWARDWHATHEWANTSTOKEEPANDHOLDONISTHEGOODNESSANDINNOCENCEOFTHECHILDTHEREVERSEDDIRECTIONOFTHECAPPEAKSUGGESTSHISLONGINGFORTHECHILDHOODCONDITIONANDASTATEOFINNOCENCEAROUNDHIMHOLDENBUYS
31、THEREDHUNTINGHATAFTERHEHASSOMECONFLICTSWITHHISFENCINGTEAMASTHEMANAGEROFTHEFENCINGTEAM,HEISIMMEDIATELYFIREDBYTHEOTHERBOYSAFTERLEAVINGALLTHEEQUIPMENTSONTHESUBWAYTHEREFORE,SINCEITISWHENHEISREJECTEDBYHISFENCINGTEAM5MEMBERSTHATHEBUYSIT,ITNATURALLYLEADSREADERSTOTHECONCLUSIONTHATTHEHATISAPROTECTIONFROMHISF
32、AILUREANDHISUNSOLVABLECONFUSIONTHELASTTIMEHOLDENMENTIONSHISHATBEFORELEAVINGPENCEYPREPSCHOOLISTHEBESTPROOFTOHOLDENSPREDICAMENTWHENIWASALLSETTOGO,WHENIHADMYBAGSANDALL,STOODFORAWHILENEXTTOTHESTAIRSANDTOOKALASTLOOKDOWNTHEGODDAMCORRIDORIWASSORTOFCRYINGIDONTKNOWWHYIPUTMYREDHUNTINGHATON,ANDTURNEDTHEPEAKARO
33、UNDTOTHEBACK,THEWAYILIKEDIT,ANDTHENIYELLEDATTHETOPOFMYGODDAMVOICE,“SLEEPTIGHT,YAMORONSJDSALINGER,200852INTHEDESCRIPTIONABOVE,THECORRIDORSUGGESTSTHATHOLDENISSTANDINGINAVERYNARROWWAYINTHEADOLESCENTWORLD,WHERETHEREISNOCOMPANIONFORHIM,WITHEVERYBODYSLEEPINGLIKETHEDEAD,WHICHSYMBOLIZESTHEINDIFFERENCEANDAPA
34、THYOFHISFELLOWSTUDENTSSEEINGTHIS,HOLDENFEELSLIKECRYINGANDTHENHEPUTSONHISREDHUNTINGHATANDSHOUTSATTHEPITCHOFHISVOICETOTHESLEEPINGSTUDENTSHEWISHESTOWAKEUPEVERYBODYWITHTHESHOUT24“THECATCHERINTHERYE”THENOVELSMOSTIMPORTANTSYMBOLISFOUNDINTHETITLETHECATCHERINTHERYEITFIRSTAPPEARSINCHAPTER16,WHENAKIDHOLDENADM
35、IRESFORWALKINGINTHESTREETRATHERTHANONTHESIDEWALKISSINGINGTHEROBERTBURNSSONG“COMINTHROTHERYE”INCHAPTER22,WHENPHOEBEASKSHOLDENWHATHEWANTSTODOWITHHISLIFE,HEREPLIESWITHHISIMAGE,FROMTHESONG,OFA“CATCHERINTHERYE”HEEXPLAINSTOPHOEBETHATALLHEWANTSTOBEISTHECATCHERINTHERYEHEPICTURESHIMSELFWEARINGAGIANTMITT,READ
36、YTOCATCHKIDSASTHEYFALLOFFACLIFFWHILEPLAYINGINTHERYEACTUALLY,THESYMBOLSHOLDENPICTURESINHISIMAGINATIONHAVEDEEPMEANINGSTHEKIDSREPRESENTCHILDHOODTHEFIELDREPRESENTSINNOCENCETHEFALLFROMTHECLIFFREPRESENTSTHEFALLFROMINNOCENCEHOLDENREPRESENTSTHEATTEMPTTOSHELTERKIDSFROMGROWINGUP,ANDMOREPERSONALLY,REPRESENTSHI
37、SDESIRETOAVOIDTHEHARSHNESSOFADULTLIFEHEPREFERSHISOWNIMAGINARYVIEWOFTHEWORLDRATHERTHANDEALWITHTHECOMPLEXITIESOFTHEWORLDAROUNDHIMHEHASACYNICAL,OVERSIMPLIFIEDVIEWOFOTHERPEOPLE,ANDALARGEPARTOFHISFANTASYWORLDISBASEDONTHEIDEATHATCHILDRENARESIMPLEANDINNOCENTWHILEADULTSARESUPERFICIALANDHYPOCRITICAL3SYMBOLSO
38、FQUESTANDDOOMOFHOLDENSQUESTASAMANISBORN,HEBECOMESONEPARTOFTHESOCIETYHEMUSTENTERANDFINDHISPLACEINTHESOCIETYHEMUSTDECIDEWHOHEWANTSTOBETHEREFORE,QUEST,HASALWAYSBEENATRADITIONALTHEMEINWESTERNLITERATUREACTUALLYTHEBIRTHANDDEVELOPMENTOFTHEAMERICANPEOPLEARE6CLOSELYWITHQUESTEARLYAMERICANANCESTORSCOMETOAMERIC
39、ANOTONLYFORTHESAKEOFESCAPEFROMRELIGIOUSPERSECUTIONBUTALSOFORTHEPURPOSEOFAQUESTFORTHEGARDENOFEDENINTHEIRDREAMSTHISPARTWILLANALYZEINDETAILSTHESYMBOLSSUGGESTINGHOLDENSQUESTANDTHOSESUGGESTINGTHEFAILUREOFHISQUEST31SYMBOLSOFQUESTLIKEHISROLECONFUSION,HOLDENSQUESTALSOBEENEXPRESSEDBYSYMBOLSTHEREDHUNTINGHATAN
40、DTHEDUCKSINCENTRALPARKARETHECONCRETESYMBOLSTOSHOWHOLDENSQUESTFORSELFIDENTITYPHOEBEANDALLIE,THEMUSEUMANDTHESNOWAREUSEDTOREPRESENTHISQUESTFORINNOCENCEATLAST,THETITLETHECATCHERINTHERYE,ISSYMBOLOFQUESTFORPROTECTION311SYMBOLSOFQUESTFORSELFIDENTITYTHEREARETWOSYMBOLSINTHENOVELSHOWINGHOLDENSQUESTFORSELFIDEN
41、TITYWHENEVERHOLDENISMENTIONED,THEFIRSTSCENEAPPEARINGINTHEREADERSMINDWILLBEAYOUNGMANWEARINGAREDHUNTINGHATHOLDENUSESTHEHATASAMARKOFINDIVIDUALITYANDINDEPENDENCEWHENHOLDENDOESNOTWEARTHEHATHEWANTSTOFITIN,ATLEAST,TOHIDEHISUNIQUEPERSONALITYTHEDUCKSINCENTRALPARKISALSOANIMPORTANTSYMBOLTOEXPLAINHOLDENSQUESTFO
42、RSELFIDENTITYITAPPEARSTHREETIMESINTHEBOOKHOLDENFIRSTMENTIONSTHEDUCKSINCHAPTER2DURINGHISTALKWITHTHEHISTORYTEACHERMRSPENCERBEFOREHELEAVESPENCEYPREPHOLDENKEEPSTHINKINGOFTHEDUCKSANDWORRIESABOUTWHERETHEDUCKSGOINTHEWINTERWHENTHEPONDINCENTRALPARKFREEZESOVERHEWANTSTOKNOWIFTHEYMUSTFLYTOTHESOUTHINTHEWINTERTHE
43、DUCKSANDTHEIRPONDARESYMBOLICINSEVERALWAYSREADERSCANCONSIDERHOLDENASTHEDUCK,WHILETHEFROZENLAKEISSYMBOLICOFTHEENVIRONMENTWHEREHOLDENLIVES,WITHPEOPLEBEINGINDIFFERENTANDMERCILESS312SYMBOLSOFQUESTFORINNOCENCEASDISCUSSEDINTHEPREVIOUSSECTION,HOLDENCHERISHESINNOCENCEOFYOUNGCHILDRENTHECHILDREN,INCLUDINGPHOEB
44、EANDALLIE,ASWELLASTHEMUSEUMANDSNOW,CANBEREGARDEDASTHESYMBOLSFORHISQUESTFORINNOCENCEPHOEBEISHOLDENS10YEAROLDSISTER,WHOMHOLDENLOVESVERYMUCHTHERELATIONSHIPBETWEENPHOEBEANDHOLDENSHOWSHOLDENLIKESCHILDRENANDHISROLEASAPROTECTOROFINNOCENCEINTHENOVEL,PHOEBEREPRESENTSALLOFTHENOPHONYTHINGS,ANDALSOCHILDRENSINNO
45、CENCEHOLDENATTEMPTSTOKEEPTHEINNOCENCEOFCHILDRENHISLOVELYSISTERPHOEBEISTHEONLYPERSONSWHEREHECANFINDBEAUTY,PURITYANDLOVEREADERSCANSEEHOLDENSLOVEFORHISLITTLESISTERHEREANDTHEREALLIEISHOLDENSYOUNGERBROTHERWHODIEDOFLEUKEMIAWHENHEWASYOUNGHOLDEN7LOVESALLIEANDMISSESHIMVERYMUCHHEISAKEYSYMBOLTHROUGHOUTTHESTORY
46、HOLDENOFTENSPEAKSTOHIMWHENHEISDEPRESSEDALLIEISASSOCIATEDWITHDEATH,BUTHEALSOREPRESENTSHOPE,THEGIFTEDINNOCENCEOFCHILDHOODANDSOMETHINGTRANSIENTHOLDENFEELSTHATALLIEWASONEOFTHEFEWPEOPLEWHOARENOTPHONYINTHEWORLDWHILEPHONIESCOVERANYWHEREMOREIMPORTANTLY,ALLIEREPRESENTSTHEINNOCENCE,PURITYANDCHILDHOODTHATHOLDE
47、NTRIESTOFINDTHROUGHOUTHISDAILYLIFEHOLDENFINDSTHEMUSEUMAPPEALINGBECAUSEEVERYTHINGINITSTAYSTHESAMEONCETHEYARETHERE,THEYARETHERENOPOSITIONCHANGED,NOSTATUSCHANGED,EVERYTHINGSTAYSTHESAMEITREPRESENTSHOLDENSDESIRETOKEEPEVERYTHINGTHESAMEHOLDENTELLSREADERSTHESYMBOLICMEANINGTHATTHEMUSEUMDISPLAYSTHEYAPPEALTOHI
48、MBECAUSETHEYAREFROZENANDUNCHANGINGTHEMUSEUMREPRESENTSTHEWORLDHOLDENWISHESCOULDLIVEINITSTHEWORLDOFHIS“CATCHERINTHERYE”FANTASY,AWORLDWHERENOTHINGEVERCHANGES,WHEREEVERYTHINGISSIMPLE,UNDERSTANDABLEANDINFINITEFROMHERE,THEMUSEUMSYMBOLIZESHOLDENSDESIRETOREMAINANINNOCENTCHILDWHODOESNOTHAVETOFACETHEDIFFICULT
49、IESANDCHANGESINVOLVEDINGROWINGUPPERHAPSTHEIMAGETHATBESTEXPLAINSHOLDENSDESIRETOKEEPINNOCENCEISTHEIMAGEOFSNOWWHILEHEWASDOINGIT,IWENTOVERTOMYWINDOWANDOPENEDITANDPACKEDASNOWBALLWITHMYBAREHANDSTHESNOWWASVERYGOODFORPACKINGIDIDNTTHROWITATANYTHING,THOUGHISTARTEDTOTHROWITATACARTHATWASPARKEDACROSSTHESTREETBUTICHANGEDMYMINDTHECARLOOKEDSONICEANDWHITETHENISTARTEDTOTHROWITATAHYDRANT,BUTTHATLOOKEDTOONICEANDWHITE,TOOFINALLYIDIDNTTHROWITATANYTHINGALLIDIDWASCLOSETHEWINDOWJDSALINGER,200836FROMTHEDESCRIPTION,WECANSEETHESNOWWORLDISTHEWONDERFULWORLDIN
