1、（20_届）本科毕业设计英语汉英颜色词的文化对比ACULTURALCOMPARISONBETWEENCHINESEANDENGLISHCOLORWORDSI摘要每个民族的语言都拥有自己的颜色词体系。英、汉语分属两种不同的语系，受文化特殊性的影响，人们对颜色词的感受和赋予颜色词的意义也各不相同。中西方基本颜色词的差异和相似处是本文主要讨论的问题，作者使用了许多具代表性的例子贯穿全文。本文从介绍颜色词的定义、背景及文化入手，着重分析了黑白颜色词，并进而讨论了基本颜色词在跨文化交际中的运用。关键词基本；颜色词；差异；相似处；文化IIABSTRACTEVERYNATIONSLANGUAGEHASITS
2、OWNCOLORWORDSYSTEMENGLISHANDCHINESEBELONGTOTWODIFFERENTFAMILIESOFLANGUAGEAFFECTEDBYTHEFEATURESOFCULTURE,PEOPLEHAVEDIFFERENTIMPRESSIONABOUTCOLORWORDSANDENDOWTHEMDIFFERENTMEANINGSTHEDIFFERENCESANDSIMILARITIESOFBASICCOLORWORDSBETWEENCHINESEANDENGLISHARETHEMAINISSUESDISCUSSEDINTHISTHESISBESIDES,MANYREPR
3、ESENTATIVEEXAMPLESAREUSEDINTHISPAPERTHISPAPERSTARTSFROMINTRODUCINGCOLORWORDSDEFINITION,BACKGROUNDANDCULTUREITFOCUSESONANALYZINGWHITEANDBLACK,ANDDISCUSSESTHEUSAGEOFBASICCOLORWORDSINCROSSCULTURALCOMMUNICATIONKEYWORDSBASICCOLORWORDSDIFFERENCESSIMILARITIESCULTUREIIICONTENTS摘要ABSTRACT1INTRODUTION111DEFIN
4、ITIONOFCOLORWORDS112THEBACKGROUNDOFCOLORWORDS113THECULTUREOFCOLORWORDS22THESIMILARITIESANDDIFFERENCESOFBASICCOLORWORDSBETWEENENGLISHANDCHINESE321RED322YELLOW423BLUE424PURPLE425GREEN53THESIMILARITIESANDDIFFERENCESOFWHITEANDBLACKBETWEENENGLISHANDCHINESE531WESTERNVIEWS5311THECULTURALCONNOTATIONOFWHITE6
5、312THECULTURALCONNOTATIONOFBLACK732CHINESEVIEWS8321THECULTURALCONNOTATIONOFWHITE8322THECULTURALCONNOTATIONOFBLACK84CONCLUSION9BIBLIOGRAPHY11ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS1111INTRODUCTIONTHECOLORFULWORLDISFULLOFDIFFERENTKINDSOFCOLORSHUMANSLIFEHASACLOSECONNECTIONWITHCOLOR,BECAUSETHEREAREALARGENUMBEROFCOLORWORDSFORT
6、HEBASICCOLORWORDS,THEREISDIFFERENCEBETWEENENGLISHANDCHINESEINCHINESE,THEREARE赤、橙、黄、绿、青、蓝、紫,WHILEINENGLISHTHEREARERED,WHITE,BLACK,GREEN,YELLOW,BLUEANDPURPLEBYDISCUSSINGTHEDIFFERENCESANDSIMILARITIESOFBASICCOLORWORDSBETWEENCHINESEANDENGLISH,THISTHESISAIMSTOHELPPEOPLETOUNDERSTANDEACHOTHERINTHECROSSCULTU
7、RALCOMMUNICATION11DEFINITIONOFCOLORWORDSTOSATISFYDAILYNEEDS,PEOPLEUSEAHOSTOFCOLORTERMSTOREPRESENTCOLORSFOREXAMPLE,ITISESTIMATEDTHATTHEREAREOVERTHREETHOUSANDCOLORWORDSINENGLISHHUMANSEYESAREABLETODISTINGUISHSEVENMILLIONDIFFERENTCOLORS,BUTMOSTOFTHEMCANNOTBENAMED“FROMTHESCIENTIFICDEFINITION,COLORISAKIND
8、OFVISUALPHENOMENONWHICHISLAUNCHED,REFLECTEDORCAUSEDTHROUGHCERTAINLIGHTWAVEBYTHEOBJECTITISONEKINDOFVISUALESSENTIALFEATURESOFHUMANEYES”YUGUOFANG200710COLORISAVERYIMPERATIVEPARTOFHUMANSKNOWLEDGEANDITISCONCERNEDWITHPEOPLESLIFECLOSELY,CARRYINGRICHCULTURALCONNOTATIONSITOBVIOUSLYBEARSFUNCTIONSOFAESTHETICSE
9、NSEANDRICHMESSAGES“ACCORDINGTOTHEFAMOUSBKHYPOTHESISBERLINANDKAYCONSIDERTHATALLLANGUAGESINCLUDETWOTOELEVENBASICCOLORS,WHICHAREBLACK,WHITE,RED,YELLOW,GREEN,BLUE,BROWN,PURPLE,PINK,ORANGE,GRAY”ZHANGXIAONAN2002196OWINGTOTHEDIFFERENTHISTORICANDCULTURALBACKGROUNDOFTHETWOCULTURES,THESAMECOLORWORDSHAVEDIFFER
10、ENTSYMBOLICMEANINGS12THEBACKGROUNDOFCOLORWORDSCOLORWORDS,INWHATEVERLANGUAGES,AREUSEDFORDESCRIBINGDIFFERENTTHINGSTHESTATISTICSSHOWSTHATTHEREAREMORETHAN7MILLIONKINDSOFCOLORSTHATCANBERECOGNIZEDINTHENATUREHOWEVER,COLORNAMESAREVERYLIMITEDINTHELANGUAGES,BECAUSETHEREAREONLYDOZENSOFCOLORSEXPRESSEDINSINGLEMO
11、RPHEMEWORDANUMBEROFCOLORWORDSAREEXPRESSEDBYADDINGMODIFIERSFORINSTANCE,CRIMSON,PALERED,APPLEGREEN,AZURE,ANDCOFFEECOLORETCCOLORWORDSIMPLYDIFFERENTCULTURALCONNOTATIONSINDIFFERENTLANGUAGESNOTONLYSHOULDONEUNDERSTANDTHEIRBASICMEANINGS,BUTALSOONESHOULDPAYATTENTIONTOTHEIRDEEPSYMBOLICMEANINGSTHESYMBOLICMEANI
12、NGSOFCOLORWORDSCONVEYDIFFERENTFEATURESINDIFFERENTCULTURESHISTORY,BACKGROUND,AESTHETICSANDPSYCHOLOGYAREDIFFERENTBECAUSEOFOURCOUNTRYSGEOGRAPHYASARESULT,THEFEELINGOFCOLORWORDSWILLNOTBETHESAME,ANDTHESYMBOLICMEANINGSOFCOLORWORDSWILLBEVARIOUSACCORDINGTOTHEDEFINITIONOFCOLOR,ITISNOTICEABLETHATCOLORISAVISUAL
13、PHENOMENONAROUSEDBYTHEREFLECTIONOFOBJECTINENGLISH,IT2ISEASILYACCEPTEDFORITSDEVELOPMENTOFEDUCATIONANDSCIENCEATTHEBEGINNING,THECHARACTERISTICSOFWESTERNPEOPLEAREVERYSTRAIGHT,SOTHESYMBOLICMEANINGSOFCOLORWORDSAREVERYDIRECTINWESTERNCULTUREWESTERNPEOPLEEXPRESSSOMEABSTRACTCULTURALMEANINGWITHCONCRETECOLOROFO
14、BJECTIVETHINGSFOREXAMPLE,INWESTERNCULTURE,“GETTINGRED”MEANSTHECOLOROF“BLOOD”ACCORDINGTOTHEWESTERNCULTURE,ONCETHEBLOODTRICKLES,THELIFEENDS,SOPEOPLEALWAYSASSOCIATEREDWITHVIOLENCE,DANGER,ANDITISATABOOWORDWHENWESTERNSINOLOGISTSTRANSLATEDDREAMOFTHEREDCHAMBER,ITISCONSIDEREDTHAT“RED”MADEWESTERNPEOPLEFEELBL
15、OODTHEREFORE,THEYTITLEDTHESTORYOFTHESTONETOAVOIDTHEMISUNDERSTANDINGSOFTHEWORD“RED”13THECULTUREOFCOLORWORDSCOLORMAKESTHEWORLDBEAUTIFULCOLORISAKINDOFAPERCEPTIONINTHEOBJECTIVEWORLDWHETHERINNATUREORSOCIALLIFE,THEREAREAVARIETYOFCOLORSCOLORINPEOPLESMINDSHASASPECIFICMEANING,WHICHWILLNOTONLYAROUSEIMAGINATIO
16、N,BUTALSOCONVEYASPECIALMOODCOLORISNOTONLYTODESCRIBETHEOBJECTIVEREALITY,BUTALSOTODESCRIBETHEABSTRACTCULTUREMANYCHINESEANDENGLISHCOLORWORDSREFLECTDIFFERENTATTITUDESANDEMOTIONSESPECIALLYTHECHINESE,COLORWORDSHAVEHADRICHMEANINGSSINCEANCIENTTIMESSIMILARLY,INENGLISH,THEREAREALOTOFWESTERNCULTURESREFLECTINGT
17、HECOLOROFWORLDHOWEVER,INADDITIONTOWHATONEHASMENTIONEDABOVE,COLORSALSOREFLECTFEATURESOFDIFFERENTCULTUREANDSOCIETYTOACERTAINEXTENTINDAILYLIFE,PEOPLEOFTENREALIZECOLORSBYOPTICNERVES,ANDALSOEXPRESSTHEIRFEELINGSBYCOLORS“SINCEHUMANBEINGSHAVETHESAMEPHYSICALMECHANISMANDOPTICNERVOUSSYSTEM,ITISNODIFFERENCESINT
18、HEFEELINGSOFCOLORSINTHEORY”FANJIACHEN2004208SENSORYORGANSSUCHASEYES,EARSANDNOSECANSENSETHEENVIRONMENT,ANDTHESENSATIONSRECEIVEDBYTHEMAREROUTEDFROMOURNERVOUSSYSTEMTOOURBRAINS,WHERETHEYAREINTERPRETEDANDRECORDEDTHEREFORE,THEREFLECTIONSINOURMINDSOFTHEOBJECTIVEWORLDARETHESAME,THATIS,THEYREFERTOTHINGSANDIN
19、TERPRETUNITOFMEANINGSBYMEANSOFTHESAMECONCEPTSHOWEVER,DUETOTHEDIFFERENCESOFCUSTOM,GEOGRAPHICALPOSITION,HISTORY,RELIGION,PSYCHOLOGY,SOMECOLORSHAVEALREADYCAUSEDMISUNDERSTANDINGSINTHECROSSCULTURALCOMMUNICATIONSOLEARNINGTHESIMILARITIESANDDIFFERENCESOFCOLORTERMSINENGLISHANDCHINESEHASAGREATEFFECTONTHECROSS
20、CULTURALCOMMUNICATIONANDTRANSLATIONCOLORPLAYSANIMPORTANTPARTINCULTUREALMOSTEVERYTHINGCANBEDESCRIBEDWITHCOLORWORDS,INCLUDINGECONOMY,POLITICAL,CULTURE,EMOTIONETCFOREXAMPLE,INECONOMY,COLORWORDSAREWIDELYUSEDTHEREAREAGREATNUMBEROFPHRASESANDFIXEDUSAGESWHICHRELATETOCOLORINECONOMICALGLOSSARYREDISALWAYSRELAT
21、EDTODEBTORBANKRUPTCY“BLACKMONEY”ISCONCERNEDWITHILLEGALACTIONAND“BLACKMARKET”MEANSEXCHANGINGTHINGSWHICHARE3FORBIDDENBYTHEGOVERNMENTORANILLEGALMARKET“BLUECHIP”ISTHEBRITISHFAVORITESTOCKINENGLAND,“GREENBACK”EQUALSAMERICANDOLLARSFORTHEOTHERSIDEOFTHEDOLLARISGREENCOLORHASGONEDEEPLYINTOHUMANSLIFE“BECAUSEOFD
22、IFFERENTCUSTOMSANDHABITSOFLANGUAGEEXPRESSIONS,ENGLISHANDCHINESECOLORWORDSHAVEALOTOFDIFFERENCESONSENSES”BAOHUINAN2001128INCHINESEANDENGLISHLANGUAGES,WORDSANDPHRASESOFDIFFERENTCOLORSAREVERYABUNDANTCOLORSMAYCONVEYDIFFERENTMESSAGESTOPEOPLEOFDIFFERENTCULTURESDUETOTHERESPECTIVECULTURALBACKGROUNDANDTRADITI
23、ON,SOMEPHRASESCONTAININGCOLORWORDSHAVEFARSURPASSEDTHEIRORIGINALMEANINGS,FORMINGDIFFERENTCONNOTATIONSINCULTURESTHEDIFFERENCEOFTHECONNOTATIONOFCOLORAMONGDIFFERENTCULTURESISDETERMINEDBYEACHDIFFERENTNATIONALANDHISTORICALBACKGROUND,DIFFERENTTRADITIONSANDHABITS,DIFFERENTPEOPLESLIFEEXPERIENCE,ANDAESTHETICP
24、SYCHOLOGYOFCULTUREITISAKINDOFPERMANENTCULTUREPHENOMENONTHEVARIOUSCONNOTATIONSOFCOLORSPOSSESSANIMPORTANTPOSITIONINTHEINTERCULTURALCOMMUNICATIONINTHEMODERNWORLDDIFFERENTLANGUAGESOFDIFFERENTNATIONSANDPEOPLESINTHEWHOLEWORLDAREEXTENSIVEANDPROFOUNDTHECONNOTATIONOFCOLORSISNOTONLYANIMPORTANTTOOLFORINTERCULT
25、URALCOMMUNICATION,BUTALSOANIMPORTANTCULTURALANDPROMINENTCOMPONENTOFRELATIONSHIPITMUSTBENOTEDTHATTHOSECULTURALCOMPONENTSAREDEPENDENTONEACHOTHERIFANATIONSPEOPLEDONOTUNDERSTANDOTHERPEOPLESSPECIFICCONNOTATIONOFCOLORS,ITISIMPOSSIBLETOCARRYOUTEFFECTIVEANDCORRECTCOMMUNICATIONPREVIOUSSCHOLARSHAVESTUDIEDTHEC
26、ONNOTATIONOFCOLORWORDSFROMDIFFERENTSIDESTHISPAPERPAYSATTENTIONTOTHEDEEPERCONNOTATIONOFWHITEANDBLACK2THESIMILARITIESANDDIFFERENCESOFBASICCOLORWORDSBETWEENENGLISHANDCHINESE“THENATUREISCOLORFUL,ANDMANYWORDSCANBEUSEDTODESCRIBEIT”GUIMEIHE20095GENERALLYSPEAKING,BLACKSYMBOLIZESOPPRESSIONWHITESHOWSPURITYAND
27、INNOCENCEGREENBRINGSVITALFORCEREDISANARDENTCOLOR,MEANINGJOYANDHAPPINESSNOWTHESEFOLLOWINGCOLORSWILLBEDISCUSSEDBRIEFLY21REDINENGLISHCULTURE,REDISUSUALLYCONNECTEDWITHBLOODITSYMBOLIZESLIFELIFEWILLENDWHENBLOODRUNSOFFSOTHEENGLISHALWAYSASSOCIATEREDWITHDEATHANDWARITALSOSTANDSFORRADICALISMANDVIOLENCE,SUCHAS“
28、REDREVOLUTION”,“REDACTIVITIES”,AND“REDHEADED”,“LIKEAREDRAGTOBULL”LIKELYTOCAUSESTRONGVIOLENCEITALSOSTANDSFORDANGERANDTENSENESS,SUCHAS“REDALERT”,“AREDFLAG”REDINCHINESECULTUREISABASICVALUEDCOLORINTHECHINESEMIND,4ITSIGNIFIESEXCITEMENT,SUCCESS,LUCK,LOYALISMANDPROSPEROUSNESSINTRADITIONALCHINESEWEDDINGS,PE
29、OPLEPUTUPTHEREDPATTERN“喜”,THEBRIDEWEARSREDDRESS,ANDTHEBRIDEGROOMWEARSAREDFLOWERONHISBREASTONHAPPYDAYS,PEOPLEDECORATETHEIRHOUSESWITHREDLANTERNSANDCOUPLETSBECAUSE“红火”MEANSPROSPEROUSNESS22YELLOWINENGLISHLANGUAGE,YELLOWSYMBOLIZESBETRAYAL,COWARDICEANDDESPICABLENESS“TOOYELLOWTOSTANDUPANDFIGHT”ISTOSHOWTHAT
30、SOMEONEISTOOCOWARDLYTOSTANDUPANDFIGHTAGAINSTHISENEMY”,“YELLOWBELLY”ISACOWARDINCHINESECULTURE,YELLOWISACOLORTHATHASLOTSOFSYMBOLICSIGNIFICANCESFROMHANDYNASTY,YELLOWHADBECOMEASIGNOFIMPERIALAUTHORITYOFFEUDALISM,THEEMPERORALWAYSWOREYELLOWCLOTHES,BUTCOMMONPEOPLECOULDNOTMAKECLOTHESBYYELLOWCLOTHHOWEVER,INWE
31、STERNCULTURE,BLUEISASSOCIATEDWITHTHEKING,THECROWN,THENOBILITYBLUESTANDSFORPOWERBLUEISEMPLOYEDBYTHEROYALFAMILYTHEYHAVE“BLUEBLOOD”ANDTHEYARECALLED“BLUEBLOODEDFAMILIES”YELLOWCANSHOWONESLOYALTYANDDURABILITYINCHINESE“黄花闺女”DESCRIBESAPUREANDCHASTEWOMANINCHINESELANGUAGE,“黄毛丫头”AND“黄口小儿”AREUSEDTODESCRIBETHEIG
32、NORANCEOFAYOUNGGIRLORBOYBUTINENGLISHLANGUAGE,PEOPLEOFTENSAY“GREENHAND”AND“ASGREENASTHEGRASS”TOREPRESENT“新手”23BLUEBLUEISFULLOFILLUSIONITISTHECOLOROFTHESKYANDSEAANDITSTANDSFORINTELLIGENCE,CALMNESSANDPROFOUNDNESSINCHINESECULTURE,ITSYMBOLIZESSOBERNESSANDPROFOUNDNESSFOREXAMPLE,COLOROFNAVYSUNIFORMISTHESAM
33、EWITHTHESEASINENGLISHCULTURE,ITHASSOMESIGNIFICANCESFIRST,ITREPRESENTSHIGHPRIVILEGEANDSEVERENESSFOREXAMPLE,“BLUEBLOOD”STANDSFORNOBLES,“BLUELAWS”MEANSRIGIDLAWSSECOND,ITREPRESENTSDISAPPOINTMENTANDDESPONDENCYFOREXAMPLE,“INABLUEMOOD,HAVETHEBLUES”EXPRESSESASADEMOTION“BLUEMONDAY”MEANSUNHAPPYMONDAYTHIRD,ITR
34、EPRESENTSSALACITYANDINDECENCY,JUSTLIKEYELLOWINCHINA24PURPLEPURPLEHASTHESAMECONNOTATIONINENGLISHANDCHINESECULTUREINTHEEYEOFWESTERNERS,PURPLEISTHESYMBOLOFEMPERORANDPOWER“TOBEBORNINTHEPURPLE”MEANS“TOBEBORNINAROYALFAMILY”,“TOBERAISEDTOTHEPURPLE”MEANS“TOBEPROMOTEDTOTHEPOSITIONASAPEOPLE”“PURPLEPASSAGES”ME
35、ANS“SPLENDIDWORDS”INCHINESE,“红得发紫”MEANSPOPULARITY,“PURPLEHEART”MEANS“ANINSIGNIAAWARDEDTOTHOSEWOUNDEDINTHEBATTLE”PURPLEISMORE5OFTENUSEDBYTHEFEUDALISMANDEMPERORSTHEYCALLEDTHEAUSPICIOUSAIR“紫气”,THEPLACEWHERETHEDEITYLIVEINIS“紫台”ANDTHEEMPERORSPALACEIS“紫禁城”（THEFORBIDDENCITY）25GREENGREENISANIMPORTANTCOLORIN
36、NATUREGREENISASSOCIATEDWITHSPRING,GRASS,ORFORESTINENGLISH,GREENMAINLYREPRESENTSCOLOROFPLANTSWHICHTHESYMBOLOFVIGORANDENERGYFORINSTANCE,THESIGNOFTHEENVIRONMENTALPROTECTIONORGANIZATIONISGREENSOMETIMES“GREENHAND”DESCRIBESINEXPERIENCEDPERSONWHENSOMEONEISINENVY,HISFACEOREYESWILLBELOOKEDLIKEGREENORBLUESO“G
37、REENEYE”REPRESENTSENVYTHESAMECOLORMAYHAVEDIFFERENTMEANINGSBECAUSEOFTHEDIFFERENTHISTORYANDCULTUREANDAFTERCAREFULSTUDYINGOFCOLORWORDS,ITISEASYTOFINDTHATCOLORWORDSCANPRODUCEVARIOUSASSOCIATIONS,WHICHCANGREATLYINFLUENCEAPERSONSMOODSANDBEHAVIORSTHATISTHEMAINREASONTHATPEOPLEUSECOLORWORDSTOEXPLAINTHEIRMORAL
38、CHARACTER,MOODANDOPINIONSOFTHINGSINDIFFERENTCOUNTRIES,CULTURALCONNOTATIONOFWORDISDIFFERENT“CULTURALCONNOTATIONHASMEANINGOFMETAPHOR,ASSOCIATION,SYMBOLANDSOON”WANGYUE20031ALTHOUGHCOLORWORDSOFDIFFERENTLANGUAGESHAVETHESAMECONCEPTUALMEANING,THEIRCONNOTATIVEMEANINGSAREDIFFERENTDIFFERENTCULTURALBACKGROUNDA
39、NDWAYSOFTHINKINGLEADTOTHEDIFFERENTCONNOTATIONSOFCOLORWORDSANDTHEIRHAVEAGREATEFFECTONTHECULTURALCONNOTATIONSOFWORDSWHENPEOPLESEECULTURALPHENOMENONTHEYFINDCULTURALINFORMATIONGAPTHISGAPINFLUENCESPEOPLETOUNDERSTANDTHEMEANINGOFTHESAMEWORDINAWORD,WHENACOLORHASDIFFERENTMEANINGSINDIFFERENTCULTURES,ONECANNOT
40、SAYWHICHKINDOFLINGUISTICEXPRESSIONISMOREREASONABLE,MOREEXACTANDUSEFUL3THESIMILARITIESANDDIFFERENCESOFWHITEANDBLACKBETWEENENGLISHANDCHINESE31WESTERNVIEWSINCROSSCULTURALCOMMUNICATION,COLORWORDSMOREORLESSHAVETHESAMEORDIFFERENTFEATURESBYLEARNINGTHESYMBOLICMEANINGSOFCOLORWORDSINCHINESECULTUREANDWESTERNCU
41、LTURE,ONECANALSOKNOWBETTERABOUTTHESKILLSUSEDINTRANSLATINGCOLORWORDSINBOTHCULTURES“APARTICULARCOLORTERMMAYBECONNECTEDWITHDIFFERENTTHINGSANDEMOTIONSINDIFFERENTLANGUAGECOMMUNITIES”JIANGDONGYUAN20022INADDITION,INTHELONGCOURSEOFHUMANHISTORY,COLORSKEEPACLOSERELATIONSHIPWITHHUMANBEINGSANDHAVEADEEPEFFECTONH
42、UMANLIVINGANDDEVELOPMENTTHISRELATIONSHIPBRINGSPEOPLEALLKINDSOFCOMPLICATEDEMOTIONSSUCHASLOVE,SYMPATHY,DISGUSTANDFEAR6311THECULTURALCONNOTATIONOFWHITEFROMTHEVIEWOFWESTERNERS,WHITESYMBOLIZESPURITY,ELEGANCEANDFRANKNESSTHETYPICALEXAMPLEPRINCESSCALLEDTHESNOWWHITEWHOISTHESYMBOLOFINNOCENCE,BEAUTYANDCLEVERNE
43、SSTHEWORD“SNOWWHITE”ISFIRSTLYUSEDINTHEGRIMMSFAIRYTALESTHISBOOKTELLSASTORYABOUTALOVELYANDBEAUTIFULPRINCESSHERBEAUTYLEADSHERSTEPMOTHERSJEALOUSNESS,WHICHFORCESHERFLEETOAFORESTWHERESHEMEETSSEVENGOODHEARTEDDWARFSWITHTHEIRHELP,SHEOVERCOMESHERSTEPMOTHERSCURSEANDFINDSHERTRUELOVEFINALLYWHITEISTHETRADITIONALC
44、OLORFORTHEBRIDESATWEDDINGSBEFORE19THCENTURY,THEREISNOUNIFIEDSTANDARDFORBRIDALGOWNSCOLORUNTIL1840,THEBRITISHVICTORIAQUEENWOREWHITEWEDDINGDRESSINHERWEDDINGTOSHOWOTHERSTHENBRIDESFROMTHEROYALANDTHEUPPERCLASSFOLLOWEDSUITLATER,THEWHITECOLORBECOMESTHEFIRSTCHOICEWHENCHOOSINGTHEWEDDINGDRESSSCOLOR,BECAUSEWHIT
45、ESYMBOLIZESBEAUTYANDPURITYNOWADAYS,WHITEWEDDINGDRESSHASBECOMETHEMOSTIMPORTANTPARTOFWEDDINGCULTUREAPARTFROMKEEPINGTHEIROWNNATIONALWEDDINGDRESSES,MOREANDMOREBRIDESINOTHERCOUNTRIESCHOOSEWHITEWEDDINGDRESSINADDITION,INTHEWEST,BRIDESWILLSAVETHEIRWEDDINGGOWNSANDPASSTOTHEIRDESCENDANTS,TOLETTHEHOLYWEDDINGDRE
46、SSBECOMETHEBEAUTIFULTREASUREANDLOVESINHERITANCEMOREOVER，WHITEMEANSHONESTYANDUPRIGHTNESS,SUCHASAWHITESPIRIT,WHITEMANANDWHITEHAND“AWHITESOUL”REPRESENTSPUREHEARTIFSOMEONESAYSTOYOU“THISISVERYWHITEOFYOUYOUREHONEST”,YOUSHOULDBEHAPPYWHITEALSOSTANDSFORLUCK,SUCHASONEOFTHEWHITEDAYSINSOMEBODYSLIFE,WHITEMAGICAN
47、DWHITEHOPEARETHESUCCESSFULTHINGSTHATAPERSONWHOISEXPECTEDTOBRINGTOATEAMSOITISCLEARTHATTHEWESTERNERSREGARDWHITEASTHEIRFAVORITECOLORANDUSEITSCONNOTATIONWIDELYINVARIOUSASPECTSOFLIFEASMENTIONEDBEFORE,WHITEOFTENREPRESENTSHOPE,PEACEANDHAPPINESS,BUTITALSOHASTHEDEROGATORYCONNOTATIONINWESTERNCULTUREWHITECANAL
48、SOBEUSEDTOSYMBOLIZEHYPOCRISYWHITESEPULCHRETOMBOFWHITEIS“HYPOCRITE”FROMTHECHRISTIANBIBLEEVENMOREINTERESTINGISACTUALLYWHITEINENGLISHMEANSWEAK,TIMID“WHITEFEATHER”,ITREFERSTOTHETIMID,WHICHCANBETRACEDBACKTOTHECOCKFIGHTGAMEINANCIENTTIMESBECAUSETHEWESTERNERSTHOUGHTTHATTHECOCKWITHWHITEFEATHERSATITSTAILWASNO
49、TBRAVESOLATER,WHITEFEATHERIMPLIESTHETIMIDTHATACCEPTEDANDUSEDWIDELY“WHITEELEPHANT”REFERSTOUSELESS,WASTE“WHITEELEPHANT”CANALSOREFERTOACAR,ABOATHOUSEORABUSINESSWHICHONENEEDCONTINUETOINVEST,BUTCOULDNOTRECEIVEANYPROFITS“WHITEFLAG”ISTHESYMBOLOFFAILUREORSURRENDER“WHITETRASH”ISUSEDTODESPISETHEPOORWHITEPEOPLEALLOFTHESEEXAMPLESARETHEDEROGATORYCONNOTATIONOFWHITEINWESTERNCOUNTRIES7312THECULTURALCONNOTATIONOFBLACKINENGLISHCULTURE,BLACKISATABOOCOLOR,WHICHREFERSTODEATHANDILLNESSEVERYONEWEARSBLACKCLOTHESINFUNERALINWESTERNCULTURE,BLACKCOLORISTHESIGNOFDARKNESSINTHEBIBLE,BLACKSTANDSFO
