1、I（20_届）本科毕业设计英语英汉颜色词的文化内涵对比研究ONCULTURALCONNOTATIONCOMPARISIONBETWEENENGLISHANDCHINESECOLORWORDSII摘要颜色涉及到生活的方方面面，用来表示这些颜色的颜色词数不胜数。颜色词具有丰富的文化内涵。由于文化传统、风俗习惯、宗教信仰、价值观念等方面的不同，英汉颜色词蕴含着不同的意义。随着跨文化交际的日益频繁，颜色词的内涵在不同文化之间互相渗透。在社会的发展过程中，颜色与历史、政治、经济等方面的联系越来越紧密。本文对比了红、白、黑、绿四种主要颜色词的差异性和相似性，分析了英汉颜色词的不同文化内涵。在跨文化交际中，
2、我们要充分理解颜色词的差异性，有效应用颜色词的相似性以便顺利地进行跨文化交际。关键词颜色词；文化内涵；对比IIIABSTRACTCOLORSINVOLVEALLASPECTSOFLIFETHEREAREAGREATVARIETYOFCOLORWORDSEXPRESSINGTHESECOLORSCOLORWORDSHAVERICHCULTURALCONNOTATIONSENGLISHANDCHINESECOLORWORDSHAVEDIFFERENTMEANINGSBECAUSEOFDIFFERENTCULTURALTRADITIONS,CUSTOMHABITS,RELIGIOUSBELIEFS,
3、VALUESANDSOONWITHTHEDEVELOPMENTOFSOCIETY,COLORWORDSARECLOSELYRELATEDWITHHISTORY,POLITICSANDECONOMYTHISPAPERTRIESTOEXPLAINDIFFERENTCULTURALCONNOTATIONSBETWEENENGLISHANDCHINESECOLORWORDSBYCOMPARISIONANDANALYSISOFFOURMAINCOLORWORDSRED,BLACK,WHITEANDGREENINCROSSCULTURALCOMMUNICATION,DIFFERENCESOFCOLORWO
4、RDSSHOULDBEFULLYREALIZEDANDSIMILARITIESOFCOLORWORDSSHOULDBEEFFECTIVELYAPPLIEDKEYWORDSCOLORWORDSCULTURALCONNOTATIONSCOMPARISONIVCONTENTSABSTRACTII1INTRODUCTION12COLORWORDSANDSOCIALDEVELOPMENT121COLORWORDSANDHISTORY222COLORWORDSANDPOLITICS223COLORWORDSANDECONOMY33DIFFERENTCULTURALCONNOTATIONSBETWEENEN
5、GLISHANDCHINESECOLORWORDS331RED332BLACK433WHITE534GREEN54SIMILARCULTURALCONNOTATIONSBETWEENENGLISHANDCHINESECOLORWORDS641RED642BLACK743WHITE744GREEN85ENLIGHTMENTSFROMCOMPARISIONBETWEENENGLISHANDCHINESECOLORWORDS951REALIZINGFULLYDIFFERENCESOFCOLORWORDS952APPLYINGEFFECTIVELYSIMILARITIESOFCOLORWORDS96C
6、ONCLUSION10BIBLIOGRAPHY11ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS12II1INTRODUCTIONINOURLIFETHEREISAVARIETYOFCOLORSCOLORSAREABUNDANTINBOTHCHINESEANDENGLISHCULTURES,SUCHASBLACK,WHITE,RED,YELLOW,GREEN,BLUEANDSOONTHESAMECOLORWORDSHAVEDIFFERENTSYMBOLICMEANINGSIFWEDONTKNOWTHIS,WEWILLHAVECOMMUNICATIONALPROBLEMSITISHUMILIATINGTOMA
7、KEFUNOFOURSELVESINCOMMUNICATIONFUNDAMENTALLYSPEAKING,INCHINESECULTURE,THESYMBOLICMEANINGSOFCOLORWORDSAREFORMEDBYFEUDALDOMINATION,FEUDALSUPERSTITION,PRIMITIVESCIENCE,ANDPOOREDUCATIONSOTHESYMBOLICMEANINGSOFCOLORWORDSHAVEQUITESTRONGPOLITICALANDMYSTICALTENDENCIESHOWEVER,INENGLISHSPEAKINGCOUNTRIES,THESYM
8、BOLICMEANINGSOFCOLORWORDSAREINFLUENCEDBYTHEWESTERNNATIONALITYOPENNESS,SCIENCEANDEDUCATIONDEGREETHESYMBOLICMEANINGSHAVELESSMYSTERY,MORESENSE,WHICHMAKESTHEMEANINGSEASIERTOBEUNDERSTOODAMONGDIFFERENTCULTURES,THECULTURALCONNOTATIONSOFCOLORWORDSAREFORMEDBYTHEDEVELOPMENTOFSOCIALANDHISTORICALPRECIPITATIONCO
9、LORWORDSHAVEDIFFERENTUSES,CULTURALVALUESANDCONNOTATIONSINBOTHCHINESEANDENGLISHCULTURESTHROUGHINTERCULTURALCOMMUNICATION“DIFFERENTPEOPLEFROMDIFFERENTCOUNTRIESANDWITHDIFFERENTCULTURALBACKGROUNDSHAVETHEDIFFERENTFEELINGSTOTHESAMECOLORTERM”汪榕培,200250SOWESHOULDGRASPCOLORWORDSMEANINGS,INCLUDINGMANYSUBTLEAN
10、DSPECIFICSYMBOLICMEANINGS“IFANATIONSPEOPLEDONOTUNDERSTANDOTHERPEOPLESSPECIFICCONNOTATIONSOFCOLORWORDS,ITISIMPOSSIBLETOCARRYOUTEFFECTIVEANDCORRECTCOMMUNICATION”GUIMEIHE,2009160GOODUNDERSTANDINGOFCULTURALCONNOTATIONSOFCOLORWORDSCANPROMOTEANDSTRENGTHENCULTURALEXCHANGESAMONGCOUNTRIESSMOOTHLY2COLORWORDSA
11、NDSOCIALDEVELOPMENTWITHTHEDEVELOPMENTOFSOCIETY,COLORWORDSAREINCREASINGLYLINKEDWITHTHESOCIETYCOLORWORDSARECLOSELYRELATEDWITHHISTORY,POLITICSANDECONOMYCOLORWORDSCANNOTDEVELOPWITHOUTTHEINFLUENCEOFSOCIALANDECONOMICDEVELOPMENTINCHINASLONGHISTORYOFCIVILIZATIONDEVELOPMENT,THERICHMEANINGSOFCOLORWORDSREVEALT
12、HECONTINUOUSPROGRESSOFSOCIETY21COLORWORDSANDHISTORYDURINGTHEHANDYNASTY,YELLOWBECAMETHESPECIALSYMBOLICCOLOROFTHEROYALCOURTYELLOWWASTHEEMPERORSCOLOR李润圃,2003115YELLOWSYMBOLIZEDTHESUPREMEPOWERANDPOSITIONITALSOSYMBOLIZEDTHEEMPERORSDIGNITYTHEEMPERORSWEREDRESSEDINAYELLOWROBEHOWEVER,NOTEVERYONECOULDWEARYELL
13、OWCLOTHESORDINARYPEOPLEWERENOTALLOWEDTO2WEARYELLOWCLOTHESUSUALLY,PEOPLECONSIDEREDTHATOTHERCOLORSWERELOWERTHANYELLOWYELLOWINOURCOUNTRYHASBEENEMPERORSFAVOURITECOLORHOWEVER,INENGLISHSPEAKINGCOUNTRIES,PURPLEISWORSHIPPEDANCIENTROMANEMPERORSWEREDRESSEDINPURPLEROBEPURPLESYMBOLIZEDTHENOBILITYANDDIGNITYINTHE
14、PASTSEVERALTHOUSANDYEARS,CHINESECULTUREWASAFFECTEDBYTHEDEVELOPMENTOFFEUDALSOCIETYEDUCATIONANDSCIENCEAREBEHINDRELATIVELY,SOTHESYMBOLICMEANINGSOFCOLORWORDSHAVESTRONGMYSTERYFLAVORINCHINESECULTUREINTHEPAST,ENGLISHSPEAKERSCONSIDEREDTHINGSREASONINGLYSOINENGLISHSPEAKINGCOUNTRIES,THESYMBOLICMEANINGSOFTHECOL
15、ORWORDSAREVERYCLEARWITHTHEDEVELOPMENTOFSOCIETY,NOWADAYSENGLISHSPEAKERSLIKEUSINGCOLORSTOREPRESENTCAREERSPECIESFOREXAMPLE,“WHITECOLLARWORKERS”,“BLUECOLLARWORKERS”,“PINKCOLLARWORKERS”INRECENTYEARS,ENGLISHSPEAKINGCOUNTRIESHAVEBEENEMERGEINGTALENTTYPEGOLDENCOLLARPERSONREPRESENTTHOSEWHOKNOWBOTHTECHNOLOGYAN
16、DMANAGEMENTINCHINESECULTURE,USINGCOLORSTOREPRESENTCAREERSPECIESISNOTPOPULARBUTPEOPLEALWAYSUSE“白衣战士”、“白衣天使”TOREPRESENTDOCTORSANDNURSES22COLORWORDSANDPOLITICSCOLORWORDSHAVEHEAVYPOLITICALOVERTONESINCHINESECULTURE,REDSYMBOLIZESREVOLUTION,PROLETARIATANDSOCIALISMWHITESYMBOLIZESCOUNTERREVOLUTION,BOURGEOISI
17、EANDCAPITALISMBLACKSYMBOLIZESSOMETHINGDEAD,ROTTENANDDOWNFALLENUSINGCOLORWORDSTOEXPRESSSOMEPOLITICALTERMSISVERYPOPULARFOREXAMPLE,“红色政权”、“又红又专”、“红卫兵”、“红旗”、“一颗红心”、“白专道路”、“黑五类”ANDSOONINENGLISHSPEAKINGCOUNTRIES,PEOPLEENDOWCOLORWORDSSOMEPOLITICALIMPLICATIONSPEOPLEUSECOLORWORDSTONAMEPOLITICALPARTIESANDORGA
18、NIZATIONSFOREXAMPLE,“BLACKHAND”,“GREENPANTHER”,“GREENBERET”,“WHITETERRORORGANIZATION”ANDSOON23COLORWORDSANDECONOMYECONOMICACTIVITIESARECLOSELYRELATEDWITHPEOPLESDAILYLIFEINTHEDAILYLIFE,THECOMMONLYUSEDCOLORWORDSCERTAINLYGODIRECTLYTOECONOMICACTIVITIESFOREXAMPLE,“REDINK”,“INTHERED”,“INTHEBLACK”“INTHEACC
19、OUNTBOOKSOFRECORDEDCOMPANIES,SURPLUSFIGURESARERECORDEDINBLACKINKANDDEFICITFIGURESARERECORDEDINREDINK”罗春凤,200578“BLACKMARKET”,“WHITEGOODS”,“BROWNGOODS”,“GREENFOOD”,“GREENPOWER”,“GREENFIELDPROJECT”,“GRAYAREA”ANDSOONSINCETHEREFORMATIONANDOPENINGOFCHINA,WITHECONOMICVITALITYANDMARKETECONOMYSDEVELOPMENT,S
20、OMEECONOMICTERMSWITHCOLORWORDSHAVEBEENEMERGING3FORINSTANCE,“SMUGGLEDGOODS”,“GRAYINCOME”,“PROSPEROUSBUSINESS”ANDSOON3DIFFERENTCULTURALCONNOTATIONSBETWEENENGLISHANDCHINESECOLORWORDSDIFFERENTCULTURESHAVEDIFFERENTCONNOTATIONSOFCOLORWORDSTAKINGRED,BLACK,WHITEANDGREENASEXAMPLESTOEXPLAINTHEDIFFERENTCONNOTA
21、TIONSOFCOLORWORDSINCHINESEANDENGLISHCULTURESTHEFOURCOLORSARECLASSICWECANAVOIDMANYSILLYCROSSCULTURALCOMMUNICATIONERRORSBYRESEARCHINGTHECULTURALCONNOTATIONSOFTHEFOURCLASSICCOLORS31REDASTHEREPRESENTATIVECOLOROFCHINA,REDISCHINESEFAVOURITECOLORITMAYORIGINATEFROMITSASSOCIATIONWITHSUNANDFIRECHINESECONNECTE
22、DREDWITHSOMETHINGHAPPY,LUCKYANDPROSPEROUSNOWADAYS,WEALWAYSSEETHATTHECHINESETEAMSAREUSUALLYDRESSEDINREDININTERNATIONALGAMESWHATSMORE,“红”ISTHEMOSTFREQUENTCOLORINCELEBRATIONSANDJOYFULSITUATIONSFOREXAMPLE,ONNEWYEARSDAYANDSPRINGFESTIVAL,REDLANTERNSAREHUNGUP,RED“福”PUTUPONTHEWALLORDOORINANCIENTCHINA,WHENPE
23、OPLEGOTMARRIED,THEBRIDEALWAYSDRESSEDINRED,ANDWORE“红头盖”丁旭,2007122THEBRIDEGROOMALWAYSTIEDAREDRIBBONANDWOREAREDFLOWERINTHEFRONTANDALMOSTEVERYTHINGINTHEWEDDINGHADSOMETHINGTODOWITHREDBESIDES,WEHAVEAVERYFAMOUSTRADEMARK“红双喜”,WHICHMEANSGOODFORTUNETHOSEWHOHELPONEMANANDONEWOMANTOKNOWEACHOTHERANDTHENTOMARRYWIT
24、HEACHOTHERARENAMED“红娘”HOWEVER,INENGLISHSPEAKINGCOUNTRIES,REDISADEROGATORYWORDTOENGLISHSPEAKERS,REDISTHECOLOROFBLOOD,WHICHASSOCIATESWITHBLOODSHEDANDVIOLENCEREDHASSOMETHINGTODOWITHDANGER,WAR,BLOOD,TERRORANDSENSUALITYWHENTHETRAFFICLIGHTSTURNRED,ITMEANSDANGERANDPAUSEWHENSPORTORGAMEPLAYERSPLAYBADLY,PEOPL
25、EUSEREDCARDSTOPUNISHTHEMUPTONOW,“REDLIGHTDISTRICT”INSOMEENGLISHSPEAKINGCOUNTRIESSTILLIMPLIESTHEWHOREHOUSESCARLETISTHECOLOROFBRIGHTRED,ITSYMBOLIZESLIBIDINOUSANDFLAGRANTWHENHAWKSTRANSLATEDDREAMOFTHEREDCHAMBER,HECONSIDEREDTHAT“RED”MAKESENGLISHSPEAKERSFEELBLOODY,SUCHAS“REDHANDS”孙仁杰,2008122HEADOPTEDTHETI
26、TLETHESTORYOFTHESTONETOAVOIDMISUNDERSTANDINGOFTHEWORD“RED”THESYMBOLICMEANINGSOFREDAREFEROCIOUSANDBLEEDINGREDSYMBOLIZESTHERADICALVIOLENTREVOLUTION,SUCHAS“REDHOTPOLITICALCAMPAIGN”,“AREDREVOLUTION”,“REDACTIVITIES”ANDSOONITALSOSYMBOLIZESDANGER,4NERVOUSNESS,FOREXAMPLE,“REDALERT”,“AREDADVENTURESTORY”AND“A
27、REDFLAG”32BLACKBLACKHASSERIOUSANDMYSTERIOUSSENSESINCHINESECULTUREITISAKINDOFSERIOUSTONE刘星星,2009149OWINGTOTHEINFLUENCEOFWESTERNCULTURE,ITSSYMBOLICMEANINGSSEEMCOMPARATIVELYCOMPLICATEDONONEHAND,ITSYMBOLIZESSERIOUSNESSANDJUSTICE,SUCHASBLACKFACEBAOZHENGINTHEPOPULARLEGENDONTHEOTHERHAND,ITSYMBOLIZESEVILNES
28、S,FOREXAMPLE,ILLEGALBUSINESSISCALLEDTHEBLACKMARKET刘丽艳,200854BLACKISALSOUSEDTONAMETHEDIRTYMONEYBLACKISABASICTABOOCOLORINENGLISHSPEAKINGCOUNTRIESITSYMBOLIZESDEATH,BADOMENANDDISASTERBLACKWORDSAREUNLUCKYWORDS,SUCHASARAGINGDAYISABLACKLETTERDAYBLACKSYMBOLIZESEVILNESS,CRIME,SUCHAS“ABLACKDEED”AND“ABLACKGUAR
29、D”ITSYMBOLIZESSHAMETOO,FOREXAMPLE,“ABLACKEYE”,“ABLACKMARK”AND“BLACKSHEEP”ITALSOSYMBOLIZESANGERANDDEPRESSION,FOREXAMPLE,THATHEGIVESMEABLACKLOOKMEANSHEISLOOKINGATMEINAGREATRAGE“BLACK“INENGLISHSPEAKINGCOUNTRIESHASITSOWNUNIQUEMEANINGS“BLACK“OFTENLINKSWITHTHEBLACKRACEINRECENTDECADES,WITHTHEWESTERNVICTORY
30、INTHESTRUGGLEAGAINSTRACIALDISCRIMINATION,THESTATUSOFBLACKSINCREASEDALOTTHEEARLYBLACKSARECALLED“NEGRO“,BUTTHEYTHINKITISADEROGATORYTERMHENCE,THEYCHOOSE“BLACK“TOREPRESENTTHEMSELVES33WHITEINCHINESECULTURE,WHITEANDREDARETOTALLYDIFFERENTWHITEISABASICTABOOWORDEITHERINAMATERIALORSPIRITUALASPECT,WHITELETSCHI
31、NESEDISGUSTWHITESYMBOLIZESDEATHANDILLOMENINCHINESECULTUREINTHEFUNERAL,THERELATIVESWEARWHITEMOURNINGSANDSETUPTHEWHITEMOURNINGHALLFORTHEDECEASEDSINCEANCIENTTIMES刘春红,200677OWINGTOPOLITICALINFLUENCE,WHITESYMBOLIZESCORRUPTIONANDSURRENDERFOREXAMPLE,WHENANARMYFAILS,THESOLDIERPLAYSA“WHITEFLAG”TOSHOWTHEIRSUR
32、RENDERSAPERSONISVERYSTUPID,WECALLHIM“白痴”WHITEALSOSYMBOLIZESJESUITRY,SUCHAS“唱白脸”WHITESYMBOLIZESONEPERSONWITHLITTLEKNOWLEDGE,NOREPUTATIONANDNOGAIN,ANDTHECOMMONERISCALLED“白丁”INENGLISHSPEAKINGCOUNTRIES,THESYMBOLICMEANINGSOFWHITEFOCUSMAINLYONITSOWNCOLOR,SUCHASTHENEWFALLENSNOW,THECOLOROFFRESHMILKANDLILIES
33、WHITESYMBOLIZESPURITYANDINNOCENCE,SUCHAS“AWHITESOUL”,“AWHITEWEDDING”ITSYMBOLIZESINTEGRITYANDHONESTY,5FOREXAMPLE,“AWHITESPIRIT”,“WHITEMEN”,“WHITEHANDS”ITSYMBOLIZESLUCK,SUCHAS“ONEOFTHEWHITEDAYSOFSOMEBODYSLIFE”,“WHITEMAGIC”ITALSOSYMBOLIZESTHELEGAL,FOREXAMPLE,“WHITEMARKET”,“WHITELIST”,“AWHITELIE”ANDSOON
34、ASTHESAYINGGOES“WHITEASANANGEL”,INENGLISHSPEAKINGCOUNTRIES,WHENAWOMANWEARSAWHITEWEDDINGDRESS,SHEISAVIRGINSOMETIMESAWOMANWHOISGETTINGMARRIEDFORTHESECONDTIMESHEMAYNOTWEARPUREWHITESHEMAYWEARSOMEOTHERCOLORSONCHRISTMASDAYWHITECOLOREDORNAMENTSARESEENEVERYWHEREINDECORATINGCHRISTMASTREESANDHOUSESINMOSTENGLI
35、SHSPEAKINGCOUNTRIESONWEDDINGDAYS,GIRLSWEARWHITEBRIDALDRESSESINCHURCHES“WHITE”INTHEIRMINDISTHESYMBOLOFPURITYANDLUCKWHITEISTHEADVOCATINGCOLORINENGLISHSPEAKINGCOUNTRIES34GREENINTHETRADITIONALCHINESECULTURE,GREENHASDUALMEANINGS,WHICHNOTONLYREPRESENTSJUSTICEBUTALSOREPRESENTSEVILNESSTHISISBECAUSEATTHEBEGI
36、NNINGOFHUMANLIFEANDINTHEFUTUREOFHUMANLIFE,HUMANUSEGREENTOPROTECTTHEMSELVESANDSURVIVEBUTATTHESAMETIME,GREENALSOPROTECTSTHENATURALENEMIESOFHUMANTHEREFORE,“绿林”NOTONLYREPRESENTSTHOSEPEOPLEWHOGATHERINFORESTANDROBTHERICHTOFEEDTHEPOORBUTALSOREPRESENTSTHOSEGANGSTERSWHOOCCUPYHILLSANDDISTURBPEOPLEGREENALSOSYM
37、BOLIZESMENIALFOREXAMPLE,SINCEYUANDYNASTY,THEPROSTITUTESWOREAGREENTURBANTOSHOWTHEIRLOWSTATUS唐品芳,200880BECAUSEOFAWIFESAFFAIR,AHUSBANDLOSESHISFACE,HERHUSBANDISCALLEDWEARINGA“GREENHAT”INENGLISHSPEAKINGCOUNTRIES,THESYMBOLICMEANINGSOFGREENARELINKEDWITHTHECOLOROFGREENVEGETATIONGREENISTHELIFECOLOROFPLANTSGR
38、EENREADILYEVOKESTHEIDEAOFNATUREITNOTONLYSYMBOLIZESYOUTHANDVITALITY,FOREXAMPLE,“INTHEGREENWOOD”“INTHEGREEN”“AGREENOLDAGE”BUTALSOSYMBOLIZESFRESH,FOREXAMPLE,“GREENRECOLLECTION”“KEEPTHEMEMORYGREEN”“AGREENWOUND”BUTATTHESAMETIME,ITALSOSYMBOLIZESCHIDISHANDNOEXPERIENCE,FOREXAMPLE,“AGREENHAND”“ASGREENASGRASS
39、”“AGREENHORN”ITALSOSYMBOLIZESENVY,FOREXAMPLE,“THEGREENEYEDMONSTER”“GREENWITHENVY”“AGREENEYE”4SIMILARCULTURALCONNOTATIONSBETWEENENGLISHANDCHINESECOLORWORDSACCORDINGTOTHECOMPARISONANDANALYSISABOVE,THEREAREDISTINCTDIFFERENCESBETWEEN6ENGLISHANDCHINESECOLORWORDSBUTATTHESAMETIME,THEREARESIMILARITIESBETWEE
40、NENGLISHANDCHINESECOLORWORDSNOMATTER“红”、“黄”、“绿”、“蓝”、“白”、“黑”、“紫”INCHINESEOR“RED”,“YELLOW”,“GREEN”,“BLUE”,“WHITE”,BLACK”,“PURPLE”INENGLISHEVEN“ROUGE”,“JAUNE”,“VERT”,“BLEU”,“BLANC”,“NOIR”,“VIOLET”INFRENCH,THECOLORSREFLECTEDONTHECOLORPALETTEAREABSOLUTELYTHESAMESOTHEMEANINGSOFCOLORWORDSHAVESIMILARITIES41
41、REDREDISTHEEARLIESTCOLORUSEDBYPEOPLEINTHEWORLDINENGLISHSPEAKINGCOUNTRIES,ASTHEEXPLANATIONINOXFORDAMERICANDICTIONARY,REDISTHECOLOROFBLOODINCHINESECULTURE,REDISTHECOLOROFBLOODTOOBESIDES,INBOTHENGLISHANDCHINESECULTURES,REDAND“红”ARECONNECTEDWITH“DIGNITY”、“LOVE”、“BEAUTY”、“HAPPINESS”ANDSOONREDINENGLISHSPE
42、AKINGCOUNTRIESISNOTSOWELCOMEDASINCHINA,BUTITSTILLREPRESENTSHAPPINESSANDLUCKONSOMESPECIALOCCASIONSFORINSTANCE,“PAINTTHETOWNRED”,“ROLLOUTTHEREDCARPETFORSOMEBODY”,“AREDLETTERDAY”ANDSOONGENERALLYSPEAKING,REDLETTERDAYSMEANCHRISTMASDAYORSOMEOTHERSIGNIFICANTDAYSLIKEMAYDAY,BECAUSESUCHIMPORTANTFESTIVALSINSOM
43、EENGLISHSPEAKINGCOUNTRIESARESPECIALLYMARKEDINREDONTHECALENDAR范莉娣,马姝,200475CHINESEHAVEAFAVORFOR“RED”REDREPRESENTSENTHUSIASM,HAPPINESSANDJOYREDISALSOASSOCIATEDWITHCERTAINEMOTIONSFOREXAMPLE,INCHINA“脸红”SHOWSEMBARRASSMENTORSHYNESS,SODOESITINENGLISHSPEAKINGCOUNTRIES“ONESFACETURNSRED”42BLACKINBOTHCHINESEAN
44、DENGLISHCULTURES,BLACKSYMBOLIZESDEATHANDSORROWINCHINESECULTURE,BLACKHASAHEAVYSENSEOFMYSTERY,WHOSETONEISGRAVEANDSERIOUSTHEANCIENTPEOPLETHOUGHTTHATALLTHINGSWEREWITHERINGNEARTHEENDOFLIFETOSOMEEXTENT,BLACKASSOCIATESWITHFUNERALSINCHINESEFUNERALS,THERELATIVESMUSTWEARAMOURNINGBANDINENGLISHSPEAKINGCOUNTRIES
45、,THERELATIVESMUSTWEARBLACKCLOTHESINFUNERALSPEOPLEWEARBLACKCLOTHESTOEXPRESSTHATTHEYRESPECTANDMOURNINGTHEDECEASEDFAMILYBESIDES,INBOTHCHINESEANDENGLISHCULTURES,BLACKISADEROGATORYTERMTHEREAREVARIOUSTERMSINDICATINGTHATBLACKOFTENCARRIESANEGATIVEMEANINGSUCHAS“BLACKMAIL”,“BLACKLIST”,“BLACKHEARTED”AND“BLACKM
46、ARKET”INADDITION,INCHINA,BLACKREPRESENTSMATURITYBLACKCLOTHINGISNECESSARYTOATTENDIMPORTANTOCCASIONS黄晓林,2008136INENGLISHSPEAKINGCOUNTRIES,BLACKSUITSARETHE7FAVORITETRADITIONALCLOTHES43WHITEINENGLISHSPEAKINGCOUNTRIES,WHITEHASTHEMEANINGSOF“BRIGHTNESS”,“PURITY”AND“INNOCENCE”SOATTHEWEDDINGS,PEOPLEALWAYSLIK
47、EUSINGWHITETODECORATEEVERYTHINGTHEREARESOMEEXPRESSIONSCONNOTINGTHEMEANINGOFPURITYFOREXAMPLE,“AWHITEMAN”ISUSUALLYUSEDTOINDICATEANHONESTPERSONIFSOMEONEISSAIDTOBE“WHITEHANDED”,ITMEANSHEORSHEISHONESTANDINNOCENT“INCHINA,WHITEISTHECOLOROFICE,SNOW,JADEANDSILVER,SOITREPRESENTSTHEUNSULLIEDCONDUCTBESIDESWHITE
48、ISONEOFTHEPURECOLORS,SOITHASAHIGHSTATUS”刘婧,200550INBOTHENGLISHANDCHINESECULTURES,WHITEHASTHECONNOTATIONOFPURITY,FOREXAMPLE,“AWHITEHOPE”REFERSTOAPERSONWHOISTHOUGHTLIKELYTOBETHEWINNER”（赵军,200450）ALUCKYANDHAPPYDAYISCALLED“AWHITEDAY”APEACEFULWARWITHOUTBLEEDINGASTHEGLORYREVOLUTIONISCALLEDA“WHITEWAR”“THEW
49、HITEMOMENTOFLIFE”INDICATESASUCCESSFULPERIODACTUALLY,AWHITELIEISHARMLESSFOREXAMPLE,YOURMOTHERBUYSABAGFORYOUTHATSHEISVERYSATISFIEDWITH,ANDWANTSTOKNOWIFYOUWILLLIKEITMAYBEINYOURMIND,ITISOUTOFTHEFASHIONORTHECOLORISNOTTOYOURTASTEBUTYOUSAY,“OH,IREALLYLIKEIT”INORDERNOTTOLETHERDOWNITISALIE,BUTAGOODINTENTIONEDLIEINADDITION,WHITEAND“白”ALSOINDICATE“FAILURE”ITOFTENHAPPENSINAWARORSOMEGAMESTHEYIELDINGPARTHANGA“WHITEFLAG”OR“白旗”ASASIGNOFACCEPTINGTHEFAILURE“WHITE”AND“白”BOTHREFERTOTHEPEOPLEWITHWHITESKIN,SUCHAS“白人”44GREENGREENLOCATESTHEMIDDLEOFTHESPECTRUM,WHICHISABALANCECOLORITISTHEMETAPHOROF“PEA
