1、中考英语阅读理解完成句子命题与备考宝鸡市教育局教研室 任军利 ,一、中考英语阅读理解命题与备考,“阅读理解”命题与备考,阅读理解题型越来越丰富，内容也越来越贴近生活实际，对应用文体的选用也逐渐成为趋势。阅读理解在中考英语试卷中占主导地位，主要考查对文章的理解能力以及通过阅读，对文章中信息的分析、推理和概括等能力。,阅读理解的选材：,1.一般3-4篇阅读材料。2.所选文章题材内容丰富，体裁尽可能多样化。3.选材中应能蕴含比较丰富的细节方面的内容。4.选材应注意一定的教育性和趣味性。5.注意选材的公平性。,1、阅读理解的考查内容,理解主旨和要义。理解文章中的具体信息。进行简单的判断和推理。理解文章
2、的基本结构。理解作者的意图和态度。,2、阅读理解的命题规律,命题人通常将阅读理解的问题设置为三类：表层理解题。深层理解题。这类试题一般需要考生通过分析、归纳、推理和判断才能找到正确答案。词语释义题。,3、阅读理解命题干扰选项设计特点,以偏概全，断章取义。偷梁换柱，张冠李戴。用常规含义代替文中词义。过度引申，扩大范围。,4、阅读理解测试题常用的题干,主旨大意的测试题干： The main idea of the story is _. From the passage we know that _.,4、阅读理解测试题常用的题干,推理判断的测试题干： We can infer from the
3、passage that _. From the passage, we can tell _.,4、阅读理解测试题常用的题干,细节理解的测试题干： The right order which tells the story is _. Choose the right order of the events given in the following.,4、阅读理解测试题常用的题干,猜测词义的测试题干： The word in paragraph refers to _. The underlined word “” means _.,5、阅读理解解题指导,快速阅读全文，了解文章大意。看懂
4、题目，细心判断。分清句子结构，确认词性词义。,6、阅读理解解题指导,干扰项或是远离文章内容，或是以偏概全。段落中心常与该段首句、尾句相关；猜测词义时，一定要回到原文中，因为没有上下文就没有词义；推理判断题应注意从文章作者立场出发，从短文中找答案。,二、中考英语完成句子命题与备考,“完成句子”命题与备考,这种题型要求考生首先弄清方框中各个单词的意思，并正确判断出哪个空应填哪个词，然后再确定应该用这个词的哪种形式。,2007年陕西省试题请用下面方框内所给的词或短语的适当形式完成下列句子，每项只能用一次。,6. Whats the weather like today? Its _. We can
5、go fishing. 7. There are about 60 women _ in the hospital. 8. The people in Xian are _ to visitors from all over the world. 9. David is good at singing. So he wants _ a singer.10. Dont be afraid of _ when you speak English. 答案:6. sunny 7. doctors 8. friendly 9. to be 10. making mistakes,2007年长春市试题请用
6、下面方框内所给的词或短语的适当形式完成下列句子，每项只能用一次。1.October is the _ month of the year. 2.-Do you know _keys they are? -They must be Jays. 3.The monkeys was _ up the trees when I walked past. 4.I have collected hundreds of _ since five years ago. 5.I _ ever go to the movies, because I have been busy with my lessons.,
7、三、中考英语任务型阅读命题与备考,“任务型阅读”命题,取材范围： 交房租、订航班、订旅馆、购物、借书、 写通知、制定计划、寻路、邮件往来、 信息归类、用药说明等。解题思路： 认真审题， 读懂题意 快速阅读， 掌握大意 细读题目， 完成任务 复读文章， 核实任务,“任务型阅读”的目标,任务型阅读旨在促使学生带着相关的“任务”去阅读所给材料，获取、处理信息，提高实际语言运用能力,如何解答“任务型”阅读理解题？,第一种：填写表格型试题通读全文，熟悉大意；仔细审读所给表格考查的内容。能直接从材料中找到的答案，先将填表格需要归纳总结的, 再读一遍原材料。,例1：2007年陕西省中考卷,任务型阅读（共5小
8、题，每小题2分，计10分）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，完成表格中所缺的信息。 Eating habits (习惯) are different in different countries. The Chinese have a saying “Eat good things for breakfast, eat a big meal for lunch, but eat less at dinner.” Many Americans agree that one should start the day with a good breakfast, but their ideas about
9、 lunch and dinner are different. Most Americans only give themselves a short time for lunch. So they eat a small lunch. After work they will have more time to eat a big dinner. Also a quiet dinner at home with all the family talking about their day is a way to take a good rest after a long, hard day
10、 of work. Eating at restaurants is also different. In China, people like to talk and laugh while eating. Very often you can hear people talking and lau22ghing loudly, and they are just having a good time. In America it is not like this. They want a quiet place where they can eat a good meal far away
11、 from the noises of the outside world. If someone is talking too loudly, the manager (经理) of the restaurant will look at him or her angrily. If some people are talking too loudly, the manager of the restaurant may come out and ask them to be quiet.,答案：1. Eating Habits / Eating habits are different i
12、n different countries / Different eating habits 2. Have / Eat good things 3.Have / Eat a small lunch4.Eat less 5.Like to talk and laugh / Talk and laugh / Talking and laughing / Like talking and laughing,例1：2007年陕西省中考卷,第二种： “短文填空”型试题,仔细看短文或方框内所提供的每个句子，理解其大意。带着这些句子信息，通读短文，捕捉相关内容。注意上下文连贯，短文意思通顺、符合逻辑、结构完整。,
