1、 1 外文翻译 An identification and classification of enterprise portal functions and features Material Source: Industrial Management Bock, 2001;Brabston and McNamara, 1998; McManiset al., 2001; Yu et al., 2001). An example of a success story about how enterprise portals have provided users with competiti
2、ve advantage is Herman Miller Inc(Flash, 2000). Prior to 1995, suppliers were transmitting business transactions to Herman Miller Inc over facsimile machines. In a quest to use technology to improve its bottom line, Herman Miller elected to use enterprise portal software to bring all of its supply c
3、hain data onto a single screen and make it accessible over the Internet to its suppliers. As a result of this investment, shipments to customers have improved because of the immediate cross communication capabilities between the suppliers and Herman Miller. Five 2 years ago, about 75 per cent of the
4、ir manufactured shipments were classified to be on-time. With the enterprise portal, they are attaining an improved on-time shipment rate of over 95per cent. This success is contagious; more than 50 per cent of Herman Millers main suppliers are now accessing their enterprise portal system regularly
5、through the Internet. Other organizations that are successful with the use of this software technology include mid-size and large conglomerates and public as well as private institutions. They are also from diverse industry sectors.ATKendler, 2000; Schroeder, 2000). While it is true that enterprise
6、portals are useful because this technology can bring about cost reduction, organized and structured information, and reduced access time, their competitive advantage is inherent in their abilities to filter, target, and categorize information so that users will get only what is needed (Eckel, 2000).
7、 My Yahoo TM, which was developed in 1998, was the first personalized Internet enterprise portal. Campus portals were pioneered by UCLA in 1999 (Moskowitz, 2001). Since then, there are over 60 portal software vendors in the market. In addition to differences in prices, the available features can als
8、o vary widely(Johnson, 2000). Enterprise portals have fairly complex structures and features. However, their basic functions and elements are relatively easy to define. First, from an operational perspective, the strength of corporate portals lies in its ability to provide Web based access to enterp
9、rise information, applications and processes. Second, from a functional perspective, they leverage existing information systems, data stores, networks, workstations, servers and applications as well as other knowledge bases to give each employee in every corporate site immediate access to an invalua
10、ble set of corporate data anytime, anywhere (Kendler, 2000; White,2000). These capabilities are made possible because the generic framework is essentially focused on delivering information to the users from disparate databases. A generic framework of a corporate portal showing some of the major appl
11、ications, entities, capabilities, tools and their relationships is presented in Figure 1. The framework, taken from the work of Aneja et al. (2000), is especially relevant to this study because it is easy to understand, and yet it is comprehensive enough to show most of the corporate portals complex
12、 functions and features. 4 As seen in Figure 1, the enterprise portal framework essentially consists of two primary layers. At the core of any portal framework are the applications it purports to support. These applications can be quite diverse. They can range from unit specific to organizational wi
13、de capabilities, staff to administrative support functions, and individual to system-wide inquiries. Both internal and external stakeholders can access all of these applications. These stakeholders or users are located outside the second layer consisting of various Web-based drivers. These drivers a
14、re the means for the openness and easy access capabilities to the disparate databases and reports generated. Functions and features are fairly difficult to define separately because they may have inter-related macro and micro level components. In most corporate portals, features and functions co-exi
15、st at the same level because they are still in the maturing process. Typically, the more common functions are the components that provide access to the range of disparate enterprise databases and information resources and the ease with which users can set up personalized access to enterprise and ext
16、ernal information resources (White, 2000).In most enterprise portals, these functions may 5 include, but are not limited to security, network, administrative tools, search, content management, collaboration personalization, extensibility, easy to use, and scalability (Eckerson, 2000; Gates, 2001;Rap
17、oza, 2000). Statement of the problem and research objectives The corporate portal product market is relatively young because it only started in early 1998. Given its short history, the enterprise portal market is very immature and it is crowded with vendors offering different capabilities (Phifer, 2
18、000a, b). At the time of this study, there were more than 60 vendors offering some form of corporate portal software in the market (Johnson,2000). Some of the vendors are from established software developers. Others are new ventures that do not have much of a track record and may only be offering li
19、mited features and capabilities. With this type of enterprise portal market, it is particularly crucial that information technology managers understand the specific as well as the technical capabilities contained in the respective software packages prior to adopting and implementing the technology (
20、Aneja et al., 2000). Selecting the wrong enterprise portal system can result in time consuming delays and other costly problems. The primary objective goal of this research is to identify major functions and features contained in enterprise portal systems. Specifically, this study uses a simple clas
21、sification scheme for grouping the different functions and features into established, maturing, or new classifications. The findings will provide readers with a better understanding of the progress made in portal software development to enterprise portal theory. The results of this study should be o
22、f interest to information technology managers involved in knowledge management, intelligent management, information systems resources management, and data management. Also, system developers, software engineers, project managers, financial managers, and data architects will find the functions and fe
23、atures identified in this study useful. In addition, educators, software vendors, and business consultants will find the model developed in this study to be especially helpful. 6 译文 关于企业门户网的功能与特点 资料来源：工业管理和数据系统 作者： Jaydip M.Raol， Kai S. Koong，Lai C. Liu， Chun S. Yu 摘 要 企业门户是一种新的信息系统 ,可以帮助公司及其员工管理、共享
24、和使用以前截然不同的信息。本研究的主要目的是是去识别和评价企业门户产品的功能与特点。尤其是本研究创建了一个简化的模型 ,可用于进行识别和分类公司门户软件的功能与特点。这项研究的结果将有助于信息技术经理人、教育者和学生参与知识管理、商务智能、信息系统资源管理和数据管理。系统开发商、软件工程师、项目经理、财务经理、和数据建筑师可以使用经本研究确定的功能与特点作为评价门户网站性能的标准。 介 绍 公 司每天必须处理随着信息技术和互联网急而剧增加的信息量。一个为管理大型、复杂的大量的数据的解决方案就是使用企业门户。这种创新的技术可以用来收集、管理、共享和运用那些贯穿整个公司的不同数据库中的信息。 赫曼
25、米勒公司就是一个关于如企业门户如何帮助企业提高竞争优势的成功案例。在 1995 年之前，供应商通过传真机与赫曼米勒公司发送商业交易文件。在寻求利用技术来降低其成本，赫曼米勒公司选择使用企业门户软件，使供应链的所有数据都集中在一个屏幕上，然后通过网络与供应商联系。由于有了这些投资，供应商与赫曼米勒公司之间的沟通能力 提高了，进而改善了发货的速度。 5年前，约 75%的货物是准时发货的。通过使用企业门户，他们现在的准时出货率超过了 95%。这样的成功是传染性的，超过 50%的赫曼米勒公司的主要供应商通过互联网访问他们的企业门户系统。 其他组织成功利用此软件技术有中型和大型企业集团和公共和私营机构。
26、他们来自不同的行业。例如： 美国电话电报公司， 在电信领域的领导者。企业门户解决方案被用于改善其国际销售业绩。这个软件技术有助于减少商业洽谈的时间（ Johnson, 2000). J.D.EdwardsKendler, 2000; Schroeder, 2000)。企业网站是非常有用的这是一个事实 ,因为这项技术可以降低成本 ,组织和结构化信息 ,并可以降低读取时间 ,他们的竞争优势是能自动过滤目标，并且把信息加以分类，这样用户可以得到他们需要的 (Eckel, 2000)。 MY YahooTM，于 1998年开发，是第一个个性化的互联网企业门户。校园门户网站是由加州大学 洛杉矶分校于 1
27、999 年首创(Moskowitz, 2001)。从那时起，在市场上有超过 60 家的门户软件供应商。除了在价格方面的差别，可用的功能也有很大的不同 (Johnson, 2000)。 企业门户网站拥有相当复杂的结构和功能。然而，它们的基本功能和元素相对容易界定。首先，从操作的角度来看，企业门户的力量在于它能够提供基于Web的访问企业信息，应用程序和进程。其次，从功能上来看，他们充分利用现有的信息系统，数据存储，网络，工作站，服务器和应用以及其他知识的基地，让每个员工随时随地在每一个企业网站立即获得一个 宝贵的公司数据 (Kendler, 2000; White,2000)。这些功能是有可能的，
28、因为通用框架基本上都是从不同的数据库发送信息给用户。图 1为一家企业表现出的一些门户网站的主要应用通用框架，实体，功能，工具和它们的关系。该框架来自 Aneja 等人（ 2000），尤其是与此相关的研究，因为它很容易理解，但它是不够全面展示的企业门户网站的最复杂的功能和特性。 如图 1所示，企业门户框架基本上包括两个主要层面。任何门户框架的核心是它所支持的应用。这些应用程序可能相当多样。他们可以从特定的单位组织广泛的能力， ,工作 人员行政支持功能部门和个人对于整个系统的查询。 内部和外部利益相关者可以访问所有这些应用。 这些利益相关者或用户位于由各式各样的基于网络的驱动程序所组成的第二层。这
29、些驱动程序是开放性和容易的存取到截8 然不同的数据库和生成的报告。 功能和特点分别相当难以界定 ,因为他们可能会有相连的宏观和微观两个层面的部件。在大多数企业门户由于它们是在成熟的过程之中，特点和功能并存，在同一级别。通常 ,更常见的功能是 :组件提供获取范围截然不同的企业数据库和信息资源和简单的用户可以设定个性化的访问企业、外部信息资源 (White, 2000)。在大多数企业门户，这些功能可能包括但不限于安全，网络，管理工具，搜索，内容管理，协作个性化，可扩展性，易用性和可伸缩性 (Eckerson, 2000; Gates, 2001;Rapoza, 2000)。 陈述的问题和研究的目标
30、 企业门户产品市场相对年轻，因为它仅在 1998 年年初开始。鉴于其历史很短，企业门户市场是非常不成熟的，它与供应商提供的功能相互排斥 (Phifer, 2000a, b)。在这项研究中 ,有超过 60家的供应商在市场上提供某种形式的企业门户软件 (Johnson,2000)。一些供应商来 自已经建立的软件开发商。其他人是 “新风险投资 ”,没有太多的记录 ,且只能提供有限的特性和功能。有了这个类型的企业门户市场，尤其关键的是信息技术经理了解具体的专门的软件包在采用实施技术之前 (Aneja et al., 2000)。选择错误的企业门户系统会导致耗时的迟缓以及其他昂贵的问题。 本研究的主要目的是确定主要的目标函数和企业门户系统中的功能。很明确的是 ,这个研究用简单的分类方案作分组不同的功能和特点，成熟的或者新分类。这一发现将会使读者更好的了解企业门户理论在门户软件取得的进步。在对知识管理、智能化管理、 信息系统资源管理和数据管理的信息技术的管理者应该会对这项研究的结果感兴趣。同时 ,系统开发商、软件工程师、项目经理、财务经理和数据建筑师将会在这项研究中发现有用的功能与特点。此外，教育工作者，软件供应商和业务顾问会发现在本研究建立的模型是特别有帮助的。
