1、 外文翻译 Studies on Logistics and Logistics Technology of China Material Source: (Department of Industry and Commerce Management, Human College of Finance and Economics, Human Charsha 410205)Received 15 July 2004 Author： Luo Xiyin Modem logistics industry is currently one of the most popular trades. Si
2、nce China introduced the concept of logistics from abroad in early 1980s, logistics industry has been developed rapidly. At present, our country already has quite a lot of logistics parks and centers, develops a series of modem logistics technologies and obtains a large number of innovation accompli
3、shments bearing self-determination intelectual property rights. Among those are typical ones such as the development of integration logistics management system with self-determination intelectual property rights (LOG + + SMCS) in 2003.The realtime connection with famous ERP system (SAPR 3)has been r
4、ealized. the system radically changes the unicity and low integrity level of Chinas traditional logistics and thus symbolizes that domestic logistics software has been in line with international noflns for modern logistics management system. Another example is the new structuraltype quick stacker th
5、at has the operation speed of0150 m rain.1ifting speed of 040 m min and forking speed of 0 20 40 m rain, bearing self-determination intellectual property rights developed in the same year. Laser ranging technology is applied to the system in horizontal direction. resulting that the distancemeasuring
6、 error is 1 mm within 500 meters and positioning accuracy is 3 mm. For the vertical direction. due to the application of rotary encoder plus toothbe technique. positioning accuracy reaches 3 mm. In this way. the system successfully integrates a variety of newtype detecting technologies involving las
7、er location. rotary encoder and tothbelt eranging. integration has been utilized for positioning and then radically altered traditional positioning method .Besides. the adoption of redundancy and trouble shooting technique dramatically increases the systems efficiency and reliability. The adoption o
8、f over ten new techs consisting of newtype forking structure and loading platform with dimension detector and bar code sensor has promoted the technical advancement of key equipments used in logistics industry as well as greatly narrowed the gap between China and international advanced countries in
9、terms okey equipments. In 2003.a patent product at worldleading place. the pushpull laser guiding AGV cart.ca Be into market. Ever has never been a similar product both at home and abroad. is AGV cart having conquered numbers of difficulties as path planning. reflecting board layout and pinpointing
10、position.can travel an d locate its position safely and flexibly in rolling machine units. In other words. it realizes complete automation delivery . In 2003. domestic enterprises designed and applied automatic supplementarymaterials allocation system equipped with visionidentification movable robot
11、. system was ran king at international leading stage. In year 2003,thanks to the successful developments of Hong He Cigarette Factorys automatic logistics system and Legends integration logistics system. numbers of blanks in domestic logistics industry are end. quantities of leading logistics system
12、s and equipments ale produced and the gap between China and other countries advanced in key equipments and primary indexes are reduced. Through years of research and exploration. Tai Yuan Gang Yu Storage Company. by cope ration with scientific research institutes. success finally developed automatiz
13、ation tired warehouse facility assisted by computer planning and designing technology. which is at the leading place in the world. With the support an d regard from all levels of governmental departments. Chinas modern logistics industry is now taking unprecedented momentum and developing rapidly. H
14、owever. its worth being pointed out that. as far as the whole is concerned. Chinas logistics industry is still in an initial stage. Chinas GDP in 2000 was 8.941000 billion RMB. of which the added value of circulation area accounts for merely 8.1% number is much lower than that of developed countries
15、 like the United States. Japan and UK. In 2000. the sale of WalMart. one of the world retailing giants. was US193.3 billion. corresponding to 46 of China s total a nual sales in retailing. On top of that. the annual sale of WAIMART is on the increase by US$2030 billion dollars a year. Domestically.
16、the annual sale of our leading retailer. Shanghai Unilever.is simply 11 billion RMB. accounting for about 7 of Mart. From the above statistics. its by no means difficult for one to find out that distant gap of logistics industries exists between China and developed countries. Of course. on the contr
17、ary. the statistics also tell us that there are great development potential and space regarding logistics industry in China. Many problems. some of which even ale the bottlenecks of Chinas modern logistics. are available in the course of development. Great importance to these problems should be atta
18、ched. which are worthy of the concern and study of logistics staff. 2. Available primary problems 2.1 Unbalanced development between western and developed regions including the east.the south and costal areas Chinas logistics industry is at the initial stage. In most occasions. what we mean by the s
19、o-called logistics actually refers to the narrow sense of logistics： elementary functions such as transportation or storage. Real modern logistics has been focused and developed only in a few comparatively developed regions in the east and the south while logistics development is still far from comm
20、encing in vast regions of mid-.western and remote regions. Even in the developed regions of eastern China. southern China and costal and costal areas. the level of socialization an d the adoption of market principles are fairly low. According to the data. the physical distributions owned by domestic
21、 enterprises account for 60 to 70 of the total market scale. Shortage in logistics demand hampers the development of logistics industry in China and thus limits its development. 2.2 Disordered and rough planning for logistics Logistics park is a special center of one or more than one logistics enter
22、prises(or distribution centers).By operating logistics park. scale can be formed and operation cost reduced. The construction of logistics park is expected to play a positive role in urban freight traffic. urban ecology environment and urban land planning. However. the planning of Chinas logistics p
23、arks are mostly conducted by local authorities. Recently. numbers of local authorities havent been clear about the interior meaning of logistics industry. Instead. they mistakenly take it for granted that logistics could anyhow revive economy. As a result, nuinerous regions rush into the planning an
24、 d construction of various logistics circles. parks or centers. Nowadays many logistics parks are at the stages of planning and primary construction. neither link to the planning of next higher level. nor connect to the surrounding areas. nor conduct sufficient research and survey of the local econo
25、mic situation, microeconomic orientation and freight traffic flow. These logistics parks take on disadvantages. strong bureaucracy. unimpressive market response and inadequate flow of population and logistics. which prevents the from going into virtuous cycles as well as leads them to be the heavy b
26、urdens of governments. Obviously. the operation of logistics parks hasnt followed principles of science and has breached our original intention of developing logistics industry. In fact. logistics industry falls under the category of tertiary industry. the functions of which should be providing serv
27、ice for certain trades in primary an d secondary industries. The profits of logistics industry mainly derive from service targets. Secondly. logistics industry is the one with naltow margin of profit that considerable profits could be gamed tlugh nothing else but scale operation. Therefore. logistic
28、s acts merely as the pillars for industries. Only on the basis of favorable primary and secondary industries, or with the intentions to reinforce the development of primary and secondary industries. logistics industry can be developed. Any planning and construction of regional logistics circles. par
29、ks or centers in any places must be argued and studied rigidly in accordance with scientific principles. The construction proportions of logistics places should be distributed according to economic regions whereas by no means according to administrative ones. Otherwise great deal of redundant projec
30、t construction will be very likely and therefore result in wasting of resources. Apart from that. quite a few of domestic regions carried through pretty abstract and rough logistics planning. For instance. some regions seldom take the construction of regional logistic information platform into accou
31、nt when they plan logistics parks. Some other regions take the construction of platform into account. but they merely consider its planning and designing. rarely thinking over its construction and application. In other words. the construction on logistics information platform is in short of operabil
32、ity. 2.3 Outdated logistics technology Although China. in a short term. has made great achievements that attract the attention of the world in terms of logistics industry and techniques .one has to admit that China is still left far behind world leading countries and as a whole. our logistics techno
33、logy is outdated. To sum up. the disadvantage is mainly embodied as the following respects： Distribution and delivery facilities A significant orientation of logistics development is third-party logistics. of which freight distribution and delivery are essential components. Presently advanced foreig
34、n facilities of logistics distribution and delivery have reached the level of full automatization .A good example is a Japanese logistics center known as “White Bird” of Sanli Zhiguo Company. The center has an occupation of land of 4208 m ,a total area of 2774 square meters an d delivers 20000 boxes
35、 of goods to 200 wholesalers.111e center adopts automatic tiered warehouse facility for storage. For cold air release from the center of the warehouse and by taking advantage of the principle as “hot air ascends while cold air descends”. layers from the first to the fourth of the shelf are designed
36、to be constant-temperature for storing chocolate candies while layers from the fifth to the eighth are room-temperature area for normal foods. The use of air conditioning reduced operation cost on building architectural compartments. Full automatization logistics system is adopted for operation. Goo
37、ds are put into storage from the second floor. Sorting devices is in operation first； then stacking robots automatically pile the goods on stocks. which are delivered to automatic tiered warehouse by high. speed rail shuttles. The first floor is where the gods is shipped. Highspeed rail shuttles are
38、 responsible for delivering the goods to sorting work station. When shipment preparations done. the goods are stored in preparation areas ready for delivery. Due to the adoption of automatic controlling devices. the error rate of shipment at the logistics center has been dramatically reduced. Moreov
39、er. the causes could be found rapidly once an y mistake appears an d service quality will not be affected. Another example is Shayiku logistics center of Sagawa Express Company in Japan. The center contains 44308 m2 with the total area of 798m.This five-floor building of armored-structure has the la
40、rgest architecture scale in Asia. The first an d second floors of the center are platform working areas. third to fifth are logistics processing areas (offering logistics service for the third party) and on the roof are park and helipad. This logistics center locates at the middle region of Japan. c
41、overing 320 distribution and delivery network points of the whole nation. Sorting work is done overnight of the same day when gods brought here at the evening. At the morning of next day. the sorted goods will be delivered to nation-wide network points. At the same time when recipients of the center
42、 receiving goods. they use wireless data terminals to transmit the data of sorting. distribution and delivery to distribution center instandy. Goods could be directly put onto conveying belt for sorting without any other operation. The handling capacity per hour is 79000 pieces. As the product of so
43、cial economy development and socialization division of labor. distribution and delivery center will undoubtedly vary according to the change of demands in social economy development. The majority of domestic enterprises have low logistics level. weak logistics awareness and weak distribution capabil
44、ity. Besides. faced with little business competition pressures an d relaxing demands for third-party logistics. the enterprises still remain on the basis of the traditional understanding of logistics： large and complete or small an d complete . Insufficient focus on modern inform action technology C
45、urrendy certain regions and local authorities attach great importance to the development planning of logistics. But they ignore that modern logistics must depend upon modern information technology .One may easily draw the conclusion from the development history of logistics industry that there wont
46、be model logistics without modem information technology. An optimized system will never take its shape unless logistics. capital flow. information flow and clients are brought into an organic corporation by making use of modern inform action technology . The construction of modern information techno
47、logy base and facilities are the primary factors that should be considered in the construction and planning of logistics centers and parks. Abuse of “logistic center” and its like Nowadays many small-size freight stations and even certain private minishopstiled themselves as “logistics centers”or ot
48、her similar names that have been fashionable and popular .However. this sort of phenomenon will harm the development of logistics severely for the possibility of causing peoples misunderstanding of logistics. Therefore the essence of such a case is distorting logistic centers. As a matter of fact. a
49、ccording to China Logistics Norms on Technical Terms. the definition of logistics center is： the site or organization that engages in logistics activities. A logistic center should fit into the following requirements： 1)primarily offering service for the society； 2) having complete and sound logistics functions； 3)having complete information network； 4)with large radiation and influential areas； 5)with limited varieties but large quantities； 6)with strong storage or handling capacity； and 7) having unified management and adminis
