1、 外文翻译 原文 The Entrepreneurs Information sourcebook Author： Susan C.Awe INTRODUCTION Small business, defined generally by the U.S Small Business Administration (SBA) as firms with fewer than 500 employees, represent over 99% of all employer firms, create three out of every four new jobs, and employ 51
2、% of all private workers. Small businesses, i.e., entrepreneurs, through the creation of new companies or expansion, generate virtually all new jobs in the U.S economy. They also fill niche markets, innovate, increase competition, and provide individuals with a chance to succeed. Small businesses pl
3、ay a vital role in our free-market society. According to the U.S Department of Commerce, gross domestic investment for private companies was nearly $1.6 trillion in 2002. In 2005, there are nearly 6 million small businesses with fewer than 100 employees in the United States per the SBA statistics. S
4、mall businesses represent 97% of all U.S exporters. Also,35% of federal contracts go to small businesses each year, amounting to $53 billion worth of federal contracts in fiscal year 2002. Now with all this good news about small businesses and how theyre thriving, you dream of working for yourself a
5、nd being your own boss. You should have and probably do have3 hundreds of questions. Where and how to begin? This book will inform you on what you dont know and why you need to know it to prevent your new enterprise from collapsing before it has a chance for success. You will also learn that you nee
6、d professional, expert help to effectively and successfully start and run a small business; learn when and how best to ask and receive that assistance. ARE YOU AN ENTREPRENEUR? So, youre considering a small business. Do you have what it takes? At this point in the process, you might ask yourself, “W
7、hat is an entrepreneur? What are the qualities needed to become a successful entrepreneur? Am I an entrepreneur?” WHAT IS AN ENTREPRENEUR? Webster defines an entrepreneur as “one who organizes, manages, and assumes the risks of a business or enterprise.”The Entrepreneurs Desk Reference gives this de
8、finition, “A businessperson who perceives and fulfills a need in the market for profit; vitality is created by the entrepreneurs dual role.” An entrepreneur is often described as creative and innovative, while a small business person is expert at running and growing a business. Both must be dedicate
9、d, innovative, and willing to spend long hours making their business a success. WHAT ARE THE CHARACTERISTICS NEEDED? Required entrepreneurial skills include a compelling vision, a driving passion, versatility or flexibility in planning and changing plans, and confident execution. Learn from your mis
10、takes and move on. Additionally, curiosity is another necessary attribute, since curious people are creative or innovative-and questioning of current practices, procedures, and methods triggers innovation. See every obstacle as an opportunity and turn it into an advantage. Lastly, but perhaps most i
11、mportantly, entrepreneurs are high-energy, ambitious individuals who persevere. A small business revolves around a key person, and that person needs energy, enthusiasm, and drive. And though successful entrepreneurs have a positive attitude towards their business and life in general, entrepreneurshi
12、p and small businesses involve risk. As an entrepreneur, you will be the engine of a new venture and its success or failure depends in large measure on you. A NOTE OF CAUTION A cautionary note should be added here: if you want to start your own business because you are unhappy with your current job,
13、 profession, or personal life, remember that starting, running, and succeeding in your own business takes a lot of work, involves wearing lots of hats, and keeping lots of balls in the air at once. “Dont quit your day job” is a hackneyed expression, but testing the waters by starting a business in y
14、our spare time is a time-tested proven method of discovering if you have what it takes and if you might succeed. If you do decide to quit your job to devote yourself full-time to the new enterprise, its prudent to set aside enough savings to cover your living costs for a year as it may be at least t
15、hat long before you can pay yourself a salary. SELF-ASSESSMENT To start asking the right questions to find out if you are or can be an entrepreneur, on the web consult the Entrepreneurs Guidebook Series at In guidebook #1 entitled Personal Planning, youll have the opportunity to assess your entrepr
16、eneurial talent. This guide discusses what an entrepreneur is and why people become entrepreneurs, It also asks 29 questions to help discover if you have what it takes. Finally, common traits of successful entrepreneurs are succinctly summarized. FIRST RESOURCES TO EXPLORE If your curiosity has been
17、 piqued or if you want to read and investigate more aspects of entrepreneurship and starting a business, several good books are available. Lisa Rogaks first chapter in The Smart Guide to Starting a Small Business contains a short,10-question quiz to help you discover why you want to become an entrep
18、reneur. Similar to a job interview, it asks you questions about your goals, weaknesses, how you approach challenges, and it prompts you to honestly think about why you want to start a business and helps you focus your energy and motivation. Tom Ehrenfelds The Start-up Garden: How Growing a Business
19、Grows You is a terrific guide to helping you understand yourself and walks you through the process of determining what type of business best fits your experiences, talents, and aspirations. Each chapter identifies a skill you need to be successful in business and includes interviews with successful
20、entrepreneurs to illustrate how they used their strong points and developed weak ones. Worksheets help you take an honest look at yourself. TALK ABOUT IT! One last piece of advice in determining if youre entrepreneurial is to discuss your idea with others, i.e., coworkers, family, friends, and neigh
21、bors. Networking should begin early. Find a role model, someone who is higher up the ladder in the business world such as an established business owner, and find a mentor, someone who will let you bounce ideas off of him or her, give you pointers, and help you learn the ropes, Learn from othersmista
22、kes or setbacks even as you make your own. Observe them in action and ask questions. Besides tapping your local community, look for a community of like-minded individuals on the Internet. The “Entrepreneurs” website from A at http:/ has forums, chat groups, and other resources useful to new entrepre
23、neurs. Talking through your ideas and interacting with a similar group of folks will help you make good decision and take fewer missteps. If youre a people-person, or an extrovert who needs to verbalize your ideas, you may want to start your own local group of entrepreneurs of find one at a communit
24、y college or university in your area. A small business can be a lonely enterprise, and if that is a drawback for you, find a way to interact in a productive way. Trade shows and conferences of like-minded business owners or entrepreneurs are other social and beneficial outlets. Listed next are vario
25、us resources that will help you determine your entrepreneurial tendencies and what you need to learn to be successful in your own small business. 译文 企业家信息资源 作者： 苏珊 C.Awe 小型企业，在美国 SBA 通常被定义为少于 500 个员工的公司，代表超过 99%的雇主公司，创建 3/4 新的就业岗位，并且雇佣 51%的所有私人工人。小型企业，也就是说，企业家在美国经济中通过创造新的公司或扩大、产生所有新的就业 机会。他们也布满生态市场，
26、不断创新，提高竞争，并且提供个人成功的机会。小型企业在我们的自由市场社会中扮演了很重要的角色。 据美国商业部称， 2002年私人公司在国内生产投资总额已达 1.6万亿美元。2005 年，美国 SBA 统计，有近 600 万个小型企业员工数不到 100 名。小型企业代表了美国 97%的出口商。同时，每年有 35%的联邦合约会去小型企业。 2002年的财政年度中，联邦合同价值总达有 53 亿美元。 现在有关于小型企业的所有好消息和他们如何茁壮成长，你梦想为自己工作，成为自己的老板。你应该并可能有数以百计的问题。哪 里以及如何开始 ?这本书会告诉你所不知道的，为什么你需要知道它，以便防止你在新型企业
27、中倒塌，而获得成功的机会。你也同样需要学习你所需的专业，专家会帮助你有效成功地开办以及运营一个小公司，学会在何时及如何最好地提问和得到援助。 你是一名企业家吗？ 所以，你考虑一个小公司。你需要什么样的能力 ?在这一点上，过程中你可能会问自己：“什么是企业家？要成为一名成功的企业家需要什么样的品质？我是企业家吗？” 什么是企业家？ 韦伯特定义一个企业家为“有能力组织、管理并承担风险的商业或企业。” Entrepreneur 给了 这个定义，“商人为了利益而察觉和满足市场需要，活力是企业家的双重角色。 ”企业家通常被描述为有创造和创新精神，而商人善于运营业务，两者必须专注、创新以及花很长的时间去达
28、到成功 。 需要何种特征？ 需要的创业能力包括一个引人注目的眼光、驾驭的激情，能通用的或灵活的规划和改变计划，并有信心执行。从错误中学习，继续前进。此外，好奇心是另外一个必要属性，因为有好奇心的人能创造或创新 质疑当前的实际、程序和理论，并引发创新。看到每一个障碍的机会，并将其转化为优势。 最后，但或许最重要的是，企业家是坚持有高能和雄心 的个体。一个小型企业围绕着一个核心人物，那个人需要有能量、热情和驱动力。虽然成功的企业家一般对他们的事业、人生、企业家精神和小企业所涉及的风险有积极的态度。作为一名企业家，你是新企业的发动机，企业的成败与否在很大程度上取决于你。 小告示 这里应该增加一句告诫
29、：如果你是因为对目前的工作、职业或者个人生活不满意，才想要开始自己开公司，请记住，从开始、运营到事业的成功需要花费大量的工作，包括戴着大量的帽子，在空中保持很多的球。“不要辞掉你白天的工作”是一个陈腐的表达，经过实践考验去证明发现你有什么需要，但测试水，由你业余时间而开始的测试，是通过时间考验来证明发现你是否有本事和你是否会成功。如果你决定辞去你的工作而致力于你的新企业，谨慎的做法是留足一年的储蓄去支付你一年生活所需的费用，因为在你可以支付自己薪水前它至少需要一年的时间。 自我评估 开 始提出正确的问题来发觉你是否可以成为企业家。在 指南 。在指南第一部分分享个人计划，你将有机会来评价你的企业
30、家才能。本指南探讨了什么是企业家，为什么会成为企业家。它也提出 29 个问题来帮助你发现是否需要 它 做些什么。最后，对成功的企业家的共同特质进行简洁的总结。 第一资源：探索 如果你的好奇心已经被激起或者说如果 你想阅读并探讨更多关于企业家和创业方面，一些好书对你有帮助。 Lisa Rogak 在经营一个小公司的聪明指导书的第一章中讲到，用一个简短的、 10 个测试问题来帮助你发现你为什么想成为企业家。类似于求职面试，它问你一些关于你的目标、弱势、如何面对挑战的问题，提示你诚实地思考为什么想要开始创业，帮助你集中精力和动力。 Tom Ehrenfeld 的经营花园 ：如何种植业务发展对你是一个
31、很棒的指导，它帮助你了解自己和经历一个关于决定哪种最合适你经验、天赋和抱负的事业的过程。每章识别一项你在事业上成功所需的技能， 包括采访成功的企业家，说明他们是如何使用他们的优点和发展弱点的。工作表帮助你看清真实的自己。 讨论它 最后一条建议是，如果你是企业家，和别人，诸如同事、家人、朋友和邻居讨论你的想法。网络应该早些开始。找一个成功的榜样，比如像业务主这样的在商业界处在较高的地位的人，找一个良师诤友，能激 发你的想法给他，并给你指点、 指引，从别人的错误和挫折中甚至是自己的遭遇中，观察他们的行为并提出问题。 除了开发当地的社区，在互联网上找到一群志同道合的人，http:/ 这个关于企业家的网址为新企业家提供了论坛、聊天室和其他一些有用的资源。讨论说出你的想法，和一些类似的群体互动能够帮助你做出好的决定，减少失误。 如果你是个善于交际的人，或是一个需要讨论关于自己想法的讨论性格外向的人，你可以在当地的社区学院或者大学开展群企业家。小商业可以是独立的企业，如果那样对你不利，那就找到一个有建设性的解决方法。对展览和会议志同道合的企业主，或是企业家是其他社会和有益的网店。列出各种资源，将帮助你决定你的企业倾 向和关于你在小生意上获得成功所需要学习的。
