1、 外文翻译 原文 Tourist Behaviors in Wetland Park: A Preliminary Study in Xixi National Wetland Park, Hangzhou, China Material Source: China education innovation herald Author:WU Ming Abstract: Public education as well as tourism and leisure are the two important functions of national wetland park, and tou
2、rist behaviors act as the guiding factor in the national wetland park construction and management. As the first national wetland park in China, Xixi National Wetland Park, located in Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, will give constructive instructions to the construction and management of other wet
3、land parks and ecotourism resorts. This paper analyzed the tourist behaviors in Xixi National Wetland Park. By the observation, in-depth interview and questionnaire, the results show that tourists in wetland parks are different from those in the other common destinations, and they are also different
4、 from those strict eco-tourists. In fact, the tourists in wetland park have unique characteristics, such as the intense perception to the functions of wetland ecosystem and the environment impact behaviors. Those tourists are preferred to natural landscapes in their motivations and expectations. Wet
5、land landscapes are the main image to those tourists in the Xixi National Wetland Park. Tourist expectation, experience and satisfaction are all critical factors for the success of the planning and management in national wetland parks. Based on the results, some measures for the sustainable developm
6、ent of wetland parks, including to optimize wetland theme landscape and tourism products, to improve tourist facilities and services, to enhance quality of visitor experiences, and to implement total quality management based on tourist characteristics, are given to national wetland park ecotourism.
7、Keywords: tourist behavior; ecotourism; Xixi National Wetland Park; China 1 Introduction As a unique ecosystem, wetland has environmental, economic and social service functions. In the ecosystem service function of wetland, tourism and scientific education are very important, and they can be easily
8、perceived by the public, too. Wetland ecotourism and education tourism are both the new effective wetlands resources exploitation. Xixi National Wetland Park in Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, was formally established as the first national wetland park on February 2, 2005 by State Forestry Adminis
9、tration of China, and officially opened to the public on May 1 in the same year. And now there are about 20 national wetland parks in China. The establishment of national wetland park is a new attempt in the wetland protection and utilization, and how to develop ecotourism becomes a key issue for th
10、e national wetland park. Many researchers have interest in eco-tourists, and the behavioral approach has been the optimal method to research ecotourism and nature destination (Kerstetter et al., 2004). Tourist behavior analysis is the most important content to carry out sustainable tourism (Obua and
11、 Harding, 1996). In ecotourism resorts, such as national park, tourists prefer to observe wild animals and hike (Glen and Philip, 1998). They expect that they can have chances to watch animals closely (Derrin et al., 1997). One of the primary challenges facing ecotourism management is to establish a
12、 profitable and ecologically sustainable industry, while simultaneously achieving a satisfying experience for visitor and raising standards of living in the host community (Lim and Mcaleer, 2005). The managers should enhance tourist experiences about nature (Glen and Philip, 1998). The explanation s
13、ervices are important and can decrease tourism negative environment impact (Hwang et al., 2005). By environment education tourists can change their behaviors and take part in directly maintaining and protecting nature (Lim and McAleer, 2005). Orams (1995) argued that ecotourism management strategies
14、 should attempt to move ecotourism experiences beyond more enjoyment to a more active role which incorporated learning, attitude and behavioral change. The contemporary park management faces a number of challenges including minimization of the impact of increasing park visitation on resources, devel
15、opment of effective public relations and educational programs in parks, implementation of viable park marketing and planning programs and effective park visitor risk management, so understanding the nature of park visitors is important for dealing with those difficulties above (Galloway, 2002). The
16、rejuvenation and utilization of wetland are always the topics to researchers, while few literatures are about wetland tourism. In fact, tourism is an important function of wetland, and the recreational use of wetlands is not conflict with their conservation objectives, however decisions concerning t
17、he protection of wetlands should precede recreational planning (Bacon, 1987). In recent years, Chinese scholars have paid much attention to wetland tourism, and the studies were mainly about the development of wetland tourist resources and some issues of typical wetland ecotourism destinations, such
18、 as the Dongting Lake wetland (Xiong et al., 2003; Wang et al., 2004; Sheng, 2006), Hengshui Lake wetland (Feng et al., 2006), Huanghe (Yellow) River Delta wetlands (Li et al., 2004 ), Poyang Lake wetland (Lu and Liu, 2003), Xianghai wetland (Sun and Wang, 2004) and so on. The characteristics of wet
19、lands tourism resources, development modes, and others were discussed, but those researches mainly concerned macroeconomic issues. There are few in-depth case researches, especially about wetlands tourists. This paper took Xixi National Wetland Park as the typical case to conduct a survey on tourist
20、s in wetland parks. Based on the analysis of tourist behavior, some measures about the construction and management of national wetland parks were suggested. 2 Study Area and Method Xixi National Wetland Park is located in the west of Hangzhou City, 16 km away from the city center, covering 10.08 km2
21、 (Fig. 1). Xixi wetland is a typical artificial urban wetland, cultural wetland and agricultural wetland, where there are pristine natural landscape and profound cultural heritage. More than 70% of the Xixi wetland is ports, ponds and other water areas. In this paper, questionnaires, field observati
22、on, indepth interviews and other methods were used to tourist surveys. Questionnaire content included the demographic characteristics, spatial behaviors, preferences, expectation, experiences and other aspects. Most of items had selective answers, and some problems required tourists to give their ow
23、n ideas in the questionnaires. The survey was made from March to June in 2006. The purposive sampling method was adopted, and the respondents were the visitors who had a complete travel experience. The samples included groups and individuals, and totally 141 questionnaires were returned. Furthermore
24、, field observation, track survey and random interview were all used in this paper in order to record the words and behaviors of tourists and assist the questionnaires. In order to ensure validity, one pretest was conducted before the formal questionnaires 3 Tourist Behaviors in Xixi National Wetlan
25、d Park The surveys in this paper show that tourist behaviors in Xixi National Wetland Park are different from other common tourism destinations. 3.1 Demographic characteristics The demographic characteristics of tourists in this study included basic information such as original place, age, occupatio
26、n, family structure, monthly income, and education degree (Table 1). From the findings of the survey, many tourists of Xixi National Wetland Park were from the nearby area, of which the tourists from Zhejiang Province accounted for 72.00%. The main tourists were young and middle-aged, and the ones f
27、rom 19 years old to 40 years old accounted for 77.20%. Students, white-collars, science and education staffs were the main part of tourists, which accounted for 74.34% of the total respondents. The singles and the families with children occupied the main part of the respondents. In the survey result
28、, unmarried tourists accounted for 50.47%, and the married and with children ones accounted for 40.19%. Many tourists had higher education, and 59.82% of the respondents were the undergraduates and above. 译文 游客在湿地旅游行为研究以中国杭州西溪湿地公园为例 资料来源 :中国学术期刊网 作者：吴明 摘要 :公众教育以及旅游与休闲是国家湿地公园的两项重要的功能，游客行为是国家湿地公园结构和管理
29、作为充当指南的因素。中国第一的国家湿地，西溪湿地坐落于浙江省杭州市。作为中国第一的国家湿地公园将会给园林道路的施工和管理其他湿地公园提出建设性的建议。这篇论文分析游客在西溪国家湿地公园的行为。通过对资料研究，深度访问，调查问卷，结果表明游客在湿地公园和其他景区有不同的 地方，而且它去其他的经济型的旅游者也存在一定的差异。事实上，游客在湿地公园具有独特性质，例如对湿地生态系统的功能那种强烈的认知明显的显示环境影响行为。优美的自然环境是游客旅游动机和期望的主要原因。西溪湿地的风景是那些游客对西溪湿地主要的印象。游客期望，体验和满意是成功的规划和管理在国民湿地公园的关键因素。通过以优化湿地主题景观，
30、改善旅游产品设施和服务，提高游客体验质量，全面实施以游客行为特征为依据等一系列措施，建立可持续发展公园。根据这样的措施从而被给予国家湿地公园生态旅游。 关键词 :旅游行为 ;生态旅游 ;西溪国家湿地公园 ;中国 1 介绍 作为一个独特生态系统，湿地有环境的，经济的，社会服务的功能。在湿地的生态服务功能系统中，对于旅游，科学教育非常重要，他们也可以是容易地被公众感知。湿地生态旅游，教育旅游是两者都能有效的沼泽地资源开发。西溪国家湿地公园坐落于浙江省杭州市，正式建立第一国家湿地公园在 2005 年 2 月 2 日由中国林业管理，在 2005 年 5 月 1日正式对外开放。现在中国有 20 个湿地性
31、公园。国家湿地公园的建立是一种新的对湿地的保护。如何开发国家湿地公园成为开发生态旅游的一个关键问题。 许多研究学者都对生态旅游 者的行为方法是研究生态旅游性目的地都非常有兴趣(kerstetter， 2004)。游客行为分析对于贯彻进行可持续旅游非常重要 (obua，哈丁， 1996)。在生态旅游度假胜地中，例如国家公园，游客更多的是喜欢观察野生动物和徒步旅行 (Glen and Philip, 1998)。他们希望有机会能够近距离的观察动物 (Derrin et al., 1997)。 建立一个可持续性有效的生态环境同时还实现游客满意体验和提高当地社会生活水平 是生态管理的主要挑战之一 (L
32、im and Mcaleer, 2005)。管理者 应该更多的提高游客对自然的体验 (Glen and Philip, 1998)。讲解服务非常重要能够减少旅游负面的环境影响 (Hwang et al., 2005)。通过环境教育旅游者可以改变他们的行为让他们能直接的维持保护自然 (Lim and McAleer, 2005)。 orams(1995)认为生态旅游管理策略将尝试要求生态旅游经验以外更好的享受学习，态度，行为变化一个更加活跃角色。当代公园管理面临许多的挑战包括尽量减少停车位 资源问题，在公园里有效的发展公共关系和教育计划，实施可行的公园市场计划项目，有效提高游客管理质量，如此处理
33、这些困难是在与前提要了解游客的自然需求(Galloway, 2002)。湿地的可持续性一直是学者的主要的研究话题但很少有关于湿地旅游文化。事实上，旅游是湿地的一个重要功能，它的娱乐性使用与湿地的保护没有任何冲突，然而湿地的保护应该在计划娱乐休闲之前 (Bacon, 1987)。 近年来，中国的学者非常关注湿地旅游，他们的研究大部分是关于湿地游客资源和一些典型的湿地生态旅游目的地的问题，例如洞庭湖湿 地 (Xiong et al., 2003; Wang et al., 2004; Sheng, 2006)，衡水湖湿地 (Feng et al., 2006)黄河三角洲湿地 (Li et al.,
34、 2004 ) ，鄱阳湖湿地 (Lu and Liu, 2003)向海湿地 (Sun and Wang, 2004)等。湿地旅游资源的特征，发展模式和另外被讨论的但是那些学者主要关于宏观的问题。只有少数几个对湿地游客有深入的研究案例。 这篇论文通过对西溪国家湿地公园作为典型案件进行对湿地公园中游客的调查。 根据游客行为的 分析，提出一些关于园林建设和国家湿地管理的建议。 2区域和方法 西溪国家湿地公园位于杭州市的在西部，离市中心 16千米远，覆盖 10。 08km2。西溪湿地一个典型人工城市湿地，文化湿地，农业湿地，有质朴的自然景观，深刻文化遗产。超过 70%的西溪湿地是港口，池塘，其他的水地
35、区。 在这篇论文中，调查问卷，实地观察，和其他的一下过去的游客概况方法。调查问卷内容包括人口特征，空间行为，偏爱，期望，经验，其他的方面。大多数项目有选择的回答，一些问题要求游客给出他们的自己的想法。这个调查从 2006年 3月开始到 6月结束，历时 3个月。采取系统抽样方法，受访者有一个完整的旅行经验。样本包括组和个体， 141份调查问卷全部返回。此外，在记录游客行为问题的过程中都采用实地观察，跟踪调查和随机采访游客的行为，协助调查问卷。为了确保合理性，在进行正式的问卷调查前已经预测过。 3游客在西溪国家湿地公园行为 这份调查报告表明游客在西溪国家湿地公园的行为与其他旅游目的地有些差异。 3.1人口特征 在本次调查研究中，游客的特征基本包括游客客源地，年龄，工作，家庭结构，每月收入，教育程度。从调查的结果来看，很多 游客都来自浙江省内占 72%。游客中青年和中年人占有大部分 77.2%都在 19-40岁左右。学生，白领，科学研究者，教育工作者也是这次研究的主要对象占 74.3%。单身未婚和家庭携带儿童也占了主要一部分。在调查结果中，未婚的占 50.47%，已婚和带孩子前往的占 40.19%。受过高等教育的游客拥有本科学历以上的占有 59.82%。
