1、外文翻译 原 文 The Role of Information Technology in Small and Medium Sized Enterprises in Kosova Dr. Mihane Berisha-Namani1 Abstract： Information technology had a great impact in all aspects of life and the global economy is currently undergoing fundamental transformation. Information technology has very
2、 real impact in most of industries and in all aspects of economy, while businesses and enterprises continue to undergo considerable changes. Usage of these technologies is revolutionizing the rules of business, resulting in structural transformation of enterprises. Modern businesses are not possible
3、 without help of information technology, which is having a significant impact on the operations of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SME) and it is claimed to be essential for the survival and growth of economies in general. SME is drawing attention in developed and developing countries as well as
4、 in transition countries. It is generally recognized that SME play a key role in the revitalization and development of national economy in many countries and particular in the context of Kosova. It is encouraging the development of SME and the role that SME sector can play in promoting economic and
5、social development by creating opportunities for employment. These components are described and discussed while more research and studies on the adoption of information technology in SME in Kosova are proposed as necessary. Key words: Information technology, Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SME),
6、 Business, Economy. 1. Introduction Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SME) play an important role in economic development of a country. Several theories elaborate on connection between information technology, economic development and social change. Almost all agree on the importance of information
7、 and communication technology adoption in SME, while the importance of SME as engines to economic growth is well aknowledged worldwide. Information technology, particularly the Internet is having a significant impact on the operations of SME and it is claimed to be essential for the survival and gro
8、wth of nations economies in general and SME in particual. Especially information technology are Fulbright Academy 2009 Conference changing the economy and traditional business become more dependent on new technologies. Compared with traditional business new technologies facilitate an increased inter
9、activity, flexibility, cheap business transactions as well as improve interconnection with business partners and costumers. Information technology is having a significant impact in sector of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SME), especially where industries are in decline or when uneployment leve
10、ls are high. In Kosovo, SME development is drawing attention too and modern trends of businesses and information technology usage are taking place. This paper observed the impact of new technologies in SME. The focues is on exploring the opportunities that new technologies present to SME. While, the
11、 purpose of the paper was to show the status of the SME in Kosovo, with regard to usage of information technology for competitive advetages in both local and international markets. Firstly, has to do with the concept of SME and information access and use in SME. Secondly, is continued with the descr
12、iption of SME in Kosova and ICT infrastructure. In addition, highlights usage of this technologies for business purposes as a matter of urgency. 2. Concept of SME and information access and use in SME New technologies had a great impact on all aspects of life and the global society and economy is un
13、dergoing a fundamental transformation2. Society is changing and is becoming “knowledge society” more dependent on new technologies, with a new economy or “knowledge economy”, where knowledge and information are essential and the key factor of production and where ideas, processes, knowledge and info
14、rmation are growing share of trade in the knowledge economy. In the information society environment successful enterprises produce high technology goods and services and transform human effort materials and other economic resources into product and services that meet customers need. In such society,
15、 in order to be successful, SME would need high quality information and must always provide superior value, better than competitors, when it comes to quality, price and services. SME are often seen as vital for the growth and innovation of economies and the longterm of economic development of the co
16、untries depends on the promotion of SME sector. Behind this lies an common recognition that SME play an important and a key role in revitalization and development of national economy in many countries, by providing various goods and services, forming a structure of division of labour and developing
17、regional economies and communities. Furthermore, SME are considered key agents of social and economic growth and are Fulbright Academy 2009 Conference increasingly becoming the most vital part of the economy since thay play a key role in fostering growth, creating jobs and reducing poverty. There is
18、 no acknowledged universal definition of SME. For our purpose we restrected our attention to the common definition of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development4, which is based on employment figures. The widely accepted definition points to Small Sized Enterprises with between 1 to 4
19、9 emplyees, while Medium Sized Enterprises are firms with between 50 to 100 employees Mustafa & Gashi, 2006. According to this definiton, Small Sized Enterprises are defined as firms that are registred and have less than 50 employees. On the other hand, Medium Sized Enterprises are defined as regist
20、ered firms with less than 100 employees. In finantial terms, an SME would have less than 15 millions US $ a revenue. Globalization of world economy and technological developments in the two decades of twentieth centry have transformed the majority of wealth creating work from physically based to kno
21、wledge based and has greately enhanced the values of information to business organisation by offering new business opportunities. While, for the last two hundred years, economics has recognised only two factors of production: labour and capital, this is know changing. Information and knowledge are r
22、eplacing capital and energy as the primary wealth creating assests. Information has become a critical resource, a priceless product and basic input to progress and development. Information has become synonymus with power. Therefore, accurate, rapid and relevant information are considered to be essen
23、tial for SME. SME would need as well as effective information systems5 to support and to deliver information to the different users. Such information systems would include those technology that support decision making, provide effective interface between users and computer technology and provide inf
24、ormation for the managers on the day-to-day operations of the enterprises. Information is needed for various purposes and serve as an invaluable commodity or product. Information is very important aspect of decision making in all levels of management in enterprises, especially in competitive busines
25、s environment and managers utilize information as a resource to plan, organize, staff administer and control activities in ways that achieve the enterprises objectives. The ability of SMEs to realize their goals depends on how well the organisation acquires, interprets, synthesises, evaluate and und
26、erstands information and how well its information channales supports organisational processes. Combs noted that informarion technology is one of the most important factors of any production activity and technological changes can have profound consequences. These technology will continue to enable th
27、e growth of global work, where SME operate across national boundaries. Today, new technologies, especially Internet technology are changing the global flows of information, trade and investment and the competitive. Fulbright Academy 2009 Conference adventage of industries, services and regions.These
28、 changes are requiring from all enterprises, no matter of their size to invest in the adoption of new technology. The ability of SME to survive in an increasingly competitive and global environment is largerly influenced upon their capacity to access information as a resource and usage of new techno
29、logies. Greater use of these technologies is often associated with improved availability of information, quality of work, effectivenes and effeciency in accomplishing tasks. This trends will develop rapidly over next years and capabilities will steadly increase accompanied by greater easy of use 16.
30、 Information technology will continue to be first importance in the development of the countries, economies and enterprises. Taking in to the consideration the full potential of these technologies, they may also play an important role in the future. 3.Conclusion It is encouraging the development of
31、SME sector as a way to diversify Kosova economy Information technology usage in SMEs in Kosova is finding fast usage too. But, despite the improvement of information technology infrastructure in SMEs and although information technology is percived as critical in creating employment and job opportuni
32、ties, compared to other countries in the region, they lag behind their counterparts. Concequently, their level of information technology usage remained low. This situation was largerly attributed to many factors such as: the lack of access to credit, inadequate information make infomed decision, the
33、 lack of expertise, digital illiteracy, high cost of access to information technology infrastructure and high taxation. Without using of information technology today, SME will have serious and fatal consequences in the future and will imply the risk of lagging behind economically with all the implic
34、ations that this entials. In particular, if we take in consideration that information technology presents a critical factor of development of economy in general and SMEs in particular. This technology should be used by SMEs in Kosovo as a powerful tool to obtain competitive adventages, produce high
35、added value products and processes and develop competitive strategies within a business, regionally and internationally, implement programes to promote sustainable regional integration and create conductive environment that would stimulate the SMEs comptetiveness in the regional environment. The gov
36、ernment should be involved in providing environment to support and help SMEs to better use information technology and increase the countries competitiveness, productivity and growth through investment in information technology, e-business and new business models. 译文 信息技术在科索沃中小企业中的作用 资料来源： Public Fin
37、ance Review March 2010 vol. 39 no. 2 226-255 作者 ： Dr.MihaneBerisha-Namani1 摘要： 信息技术产生了很大的影响 ,在生活的各个方面和全球经济目前正在发生根本性转变。资讯科技非常实际的影响在大多数的行业和在各个方面 ,经济 ,而企业和企业继续接受相当大的变化。这些技术的使用改革这项规则体制转轨的企业 ,成为服务的企业。现代的业务毫无帮助的情况下是不可能的信息技术的有一种重要的操作 影响中小企业 (SME)和据说很必要的生存和发展的经济体将军。 我们的注意力吸引中小企业在发达国家和发展中国家以及转型国家。摘要一般认为 ,中小企
38、业中发挥关键作用 ,在振兴和国家的经济发展与许多国家和特定的语境中 科索沃 。值得欣慰的是中小企业的发展中的作用 ,并对中小企业部门参加促进经济和社会发展 ,创造机会就业。这些部件进行了介绍和探讨虽然越来越多的研究研究中小企业采用信息技术在 科索沃 ,并进一步提出了必要的。 1.介绍 中小企业 (SME)经济中发挥着重要的作用一个国家的发展。许多理论阐述之间的联系信息技术、经济发展和 社会变革。几乎所有的人都同意了信息与通信技术的重要性 ,而中小企业采用由于引擎中小企业的重要性以及对经济增长 掌控 全球。 信息技术、尤其是互联网有着重大的影响操作 ,是中小企业的自称是重要的生存和增长的国家总的
39、来说 ,经济在常设中小企业。尤其是信息技术改变经济和传统商业越来越依赖于新的技术。与传统的商业新技术方便增加互动、灵活性、便宜的交易以及提高互连与业务合作伙伴和客户。信息技术有一种重要的领域中影响中小企业 (SME),特别是在工业是在下降的或当 雇佣 水平 不 高。在科索沃 ,中小企业发展新趋势也吸引的商人和信息技术的使 用正在举行。 本文观察了中小企业新技术的影响。在聚焦性的探索机遇新技术目前中小企业。同时 ,本文的目的是为了证明了中小企业的地位在科索沃 ,对于使用的信息 竞争 优势 技术本国货币及国际市场。首先 ,与中小企业的概念及资料查阅、使用时对中小企业。其次 ,继续描述在中小企业的
40、科索沃 和信息技术基础设施。此外 ,强调使用的技术都是商业用途的需求。 2.中小企业的概念及资料查阅、使用新技术有很大的影响生活的各个方面 ,全球范围内的社会经济正处于一个基本的 转型 。社会是变化的成为 “知识 社会 “更依赖于新技术 ,以新的经济或 “知识经济 “,在那 里知识和信息是至关重要的关键生产要素和在思想、过程、知识和信息贸易越来越大的份额在知识经济。 在信息社会环境的成功的企业生产高技术商品和服务和改变人类的努力材料和其他经济资源产品和服务 ,满足客户的需要。在这样的社会中 ,为了成功 ,中小企业需要高质量的信息和必须提供优越的价值 ,比竞争对手 ,当涉及到质量、价格和服务 拉
41、德 ,2006。 中小企业经常被认为是重要的成长和长期经济和 创新经济发展的国家普遍依靠促进中小企业的部门 拉姆西 2003:253。这背后中小企业 ,座落着一个共同的认知 ,起着重要的和关键作用 ,在国民经济振兴和发展在许多国家 拉德、 2006,提供各种产品和服务结构 ,形成了分裂劳动和发展地区经济和社会 。 此外 ,中小企业被认为是关键代理商的社会和经济发展等日益成为经济最重要的部分 ,因为他们扮演一个关键的角色培养生长、创造就业机会和减少贫困的行动。 没有承认中小企业的普遍定义。为了达到我们的目标 ,我们注意共同的定义经济合作组织的 发展 ,基于就业率。广泛的普遍接受的定义与中小 企业
42、小点 雇佣介于 11 岁至 49 岁之间 ,当厂商中小企业在 50 到 100 个员工 穆斯塔法和 2006年 。根据这一定义 ,小中小企业被定义为公司 注册 ,不到 50 名员工。另一方面 ,中等大小企业被定义为注册公司不到 100 名员工。在 资金 条件 限制下 ,是一个中小企业将不到 15 百万美元。 经济全球化和技术的发展对近 20 年来的二十世纪已经改变了这工作的大部分创造财富的身体为基础 ,以知识为基础的 会加快 提高信息的价值商业组织提供了新的商机。同时 ,在过去的两个百年 ,经济也承认只有两种生产要素 :劳动力资本 ,这是知道改变。信息和知识的人正在取代 资本和作为能源的主要资
43、产近创造财富。信息已成为重要的资源 ,一个无价的产品和基本输入进步与发展。信息化已成为 资本 与权力。因此 ,准确、快速、相关的信息被认为是至关重要的 。 中小企业的需要以及有效的信息 系统 支持和搭救不同用户的信息。这些信息系统 ,包括那些技术支持决策问题 ,提供了一种有效的用户之间的接口电脑科技优势 的行业、服务和地区。这些变化需要企业 ,无论其大小投资的所采用的新技术。这中小企业的生存能力在竞争日益激烈的环境和全球环境在他们的能力主要影响获取信息为一种资源和用法新技术。更好的利用这些技术常伴随着改善可 用性的信息 ,工作质量 ,实现、效果和效率任务。 这个趋势将会迅速发展未来年 ,能力的
44、 增加伴随着更容易的使用。信息技术将继续第一重视 ,在发展国家 ,经济和企业。以在考虑这些技术的全部潜能 ,他们可能也起着重要的未来所扮演的角色。 3.结论 值得欣慰的是中小企业的发展经济 科索沃 分散投资的方式 ,经济中小企业信息技术应用于 科索沃 是找到快速使用了。但是 ,尽管有着提高中小企业信息技术基础设施的 ,虽然信息技术 ,经创造就业机会和重要的工作机会 ,比该地区的其他国家 ,他们落后他们的同行。 因此 ,他们的水平信息技术使用保持在较低的水平。 这一情况主要归因于许多因素如 :缺乏信用 ,信息不充分 ,缺乏专家、数字文盲 ,高成本获取信息技术基础设施和高税收。 不使用信息技术的今天 ,中小企业有严重和致命的在未来 ,后果将意味着经济落后的风险所有的对 位置 。特别地 ,如果考虑得到信息技术提出了发展的关键因素整体的经济不景气和中小企业的具体的目标。使用这个技术应中小企业在科索沃是一个功能强大的工具才能获得竞争 优势 、生产高附加值的产品和工艺和发展在竞争战略地区的企业 ,在国际上 ,实施程序促进可持续的区域一体化和创造有利的环境 ,刺激了中小企业的 竞争 区域环境。 政府应该参与 提供环境的支持 ,以帮助中小企业更好的利用信息技术 ,提高国家竞争力 ,生产力和增长通过投资信息技术、电子商务新的商业模式。
