1、,香港高校圖書館資源共享概述,香港城市大學圖書館長潘華棟博士,為甚麼要合作合作現況合作趨勢,大綱,1. Economic Pressuresprice for publication (especially serials) escalatedlibrary budget declined constantly,為甚麼要合作？,Serial Unit Cost (+207%),Serial Expenditures (+170%),Monograph and Serial Costs in ARL Libraries, 1986-1999,Monograph Unit Cost (+65%),
2、Monographs Expenditures (+34%),Serials Purchased (-6%),Monographs Purchased (-26%),Source: ARL Statistics 1998-99, Association of Research Libraries, Washington, D.C.,2. Increasing use of Information Technologyenhances library effectiveness and servicesexpensive: a drain on reducing budgetprovides t
3、echnical capabilities for co-operation,3. Demands from Userssophisticated user demand new management concepts and techniques,合作現況,An alliance of all libraries funded by the University Grants Committee (UGC) in Hong Kong, comprising the chief librarians.,Joint University Libraries Advisory Committee
4、(JULAC)香港高校圖書館咨詢委員會,HARNET 香港學術及研究網絡JULAC Library Cards 通用圖書証Readers Ticket 讀者證JULAC Book Return Service 圖書館互相還書服務Interlibrary loans 館際互借Collaborative Collection Development 協作式館藏建設Shared cataloguing 編目共享And more ,香港高校圖書館咨詢委員會 (JULAC)工作概覽,Hongkong Academic and Research NETwork(HARNET) 香港學術及研究網絡,Join
5、t Universities Computer Centre (JUCC),香港大學香港中文大學香港科技大學嶺南大學,香港城市大學香港理工大學香港浸會大學香港教育學院,大學之間的網絡骨幹虛擬的聯合目錄,Hongkong Academic and Research NETwork(HARNET) 香港學術及研究網絡,Hongkong Academic and Research NETwork(HARNET) 香港學術及研究網絡,目前, 八所大學都是用相同的圖書館系統 - INNOPAC館際之間的合作更容易和更方便,Staff no. _JULAC LIBRARY CARDName _Name i
6、n Chinese _Institution_Signature _Valid until _,JULAC Library Card通用圖書証,0111145,Chai Tai Ming,陳大明,City University of Hong Kong,May 2001,XX22200111,BAR CODES,HKBU,HKU,PolyU,X 111222333,S001234,教學及相等職級行政人員研究員研究生,Readers Ticket讀者證,Name Chan Siu Fan,HKID No XXXXX,LIBRARYReaders TicketNo 211123,Valid Unt
7、il Sept., 2000,Approved by (Librarian),香港城市大學City University of Hong Kong,最後一年之本科生為期三個月,JULAC Book Return Service圖書館互相還書服務,服務對象 : 所有持有通用圖書証 (JULAC Library Card) 的人士服務模式 : 代還讀者自行於各大學圖書館借閱的書籍,目的是減省教職人員及研究員生親自走訪其他大學圖書館的時間,Interlibrary Loans (ILL)館際互借,教學及相等職級行政人員研究員研究生最後一年之本科生 (只限於文章复印),書本互借,文章複印,Interl
8、ibrary Loans (ILL)館際互借,由速遞公司負責於每個工作天(星期一至五)運送八所大學之間的館際互借書本及文件,文件傳送,快捷: 兩個工作天準確: 專人送件,避免郵件誤投,Interlibrary Loans (ILL)館際互借,其他傳送方法,圖文傳真： 傳送急需的文章複印本Ariel: 以電子形式傳送文章複印本,圖文傳真,Ariel,Ariel 由美國的研究圖書館協會 (RLG - Research Libraries Group) 所建設的文件傳送軟件把文件素描成電子檔案, 就可利用 Ariel 傳送到其他也裝備有 Ariel 的海外圖書館http:/www.rlg.org/a
9、riel/index.html,Interlibrary Loans (ILL)館際互借,Pearl River Delta Collection Project Management Committee珠江三角洲特藏書庫項目管理委員會,Collaborative Collection Development協作式館藏建設,珠江三角洲特藏書庫,Collaborative Collection Development協作式館藏建設,珠江三角洲特藏書庫,香港城市大學及嶺南大學共同努力的成果,Collaborative Collection Development Steering Committe
10、e (CCDSC) 協作式館藏建設督導委員會,Collaborative Collection Development協作式館藏建設,委員會架構,Two co-chairs (JULAC Members)Representatives from other six UGC-funded libraries,Collaborative Collection Development Steering Committee (CCDSC) 協作式館藏建設督導委員會,May 99It was set up at a special JULAC meeting to continue and expand
11、 the collaborative efforts of the JULAC -known as CCDTF.Dec 99 CCDTF was disbanded and taken over by the CCDSC to continue to serve the JULAC in collaborative collection development.,Collaborative Collection Development Steering Committee (CCDSC) 協作式館藏建設督導委員會,June 99A survey among all participating
12、libraries was conducted and a list of electronic resources which weremost wanted to be subscribed viaconsortial efforts was compiled.,*工作進程*,Collaborative Collection Development Steering Committee (CCDSC) 協作式館藏建設督導委員會,53 Titles were identifiedMost Wanted Titles :LEXIS-NEXIS Academic UniverseProQuest
13、 5000 / ABI/INFORM GlobalWeb of ScienceOCLC FirstSearchChina Journal Net,*工作進程*,June 99General Guidelines for License Negotiation was compiled and will be continuously refined.,Definition of authorized usersAuthorized use of information,RenewalTerminationNon-infringement, PricingManagement, Technica
14、l Support Training,M a j o r I s s u e s,*工作進程*,協作式館藏建設督導委員會 (CCDSC)以圖書館同盟方式採構的電子資源項目,協作式館藏建設督導委員會 (CCDSC)計劃以圖書館同盟方式採構的電子資源項目,協作式館藏建設督導委員會 (CCDSC)計劃以圖書館同盟方式採構的電子資源項目,末來計劃,Joining International Coalition of Library Consortia (ICOLC) (with about 150 library consortia from around the world).Linking up
15、with overseas consortia, e.g., NELINET (with more than 600 member libraries).Organizing seminars and training courses.,主題： Electronic Resources Consortial Initiatives日期： 2001年 5月11日 (星期五)地點： 香港城市大學,Seminar專題研討會,“the whole is greater than the sum of its part”. JULAC fosters collaboration and synergy
16、among libraries .,“the whole is greater than the sum of its part”. JULAC fosters collaboration and synergy among libraries .,“the whole is greater than the sum of its part”. JULAC fosters collaboration and synergy among libraries .,Shared Cataloguing of Chinese Language Materials Project中文資料編目共享項目,M
17、id-95Task Force on Cataloguing of Chinese Materials, comprising representatives from all UGC libraries, was formed on JULACs recommendation to study the feasibility of establishing a system of cooperative cataloguing.,CN-MARC,C-MARC,LC CJK MARC,(1)To establish a resource database of CN-MARC (China),
18、 C-MARC (Taiwan), LC CJK MARC, and a mechanism for sharing cataloguing data of Chinese language materials among UGC member libraries.,Resource Database,目標 :,Shared Cataloguing of Chinese Language Materials Project中文資料編目共享項目,(2) To provide the most effective use of cataloguing efforts of participatin
19、g libraries, particularly original cataloguing, and to provide a mechanism which allows ease of transfer of records thus minimizing duplication of cataloguing work among member institutions.,目標 :,(3) To further enhance existing interlibrary loans and resources sharing.,Task Force on Co-operative Cat
20、aloguing of Chinese Language Materials中文資料編目合作專責小組,Nov 95Proposed to create a resource database comprising records from C-MARC, CN-MARC, LC CJK MARC and to allow each participating library to search this resource database with Z39.50 client/server software.Feb 96The proposal was approved and support
21、ed by UGC.Oct 96Contract was signed with software vendor (III).,Nov 96Hardware and operating system of the Project were installed to house the central resource database.May 97Testpac for the Project was completed.May 99The Project started to be implemented.,Task Force on Co-operative Cataloguing of
22、Chinese Language Materials中文資料編目合作專責小組,Hong Kong Chinese Authority (Name) Database,HKCAN,中文名稱規範合作-香港的提議,美國國會圖書館名稱規范數據庫 Library of Congress Name Authority (LCNA),香港圖書館多採用 USMARC中文資料用 Wade-Giles 拼音著錄LCNA包涵約 300萬條名稱規範記錄所有記錄皆以拉丁字母著錄,缺乏漢字,Shi shi shi shi shi shi, shi shi, shi shi shi shi Shi shi shi shi
23、shi shi shi Shi shi, shi shi shi shi shi Shi shi, shi shi shi shi shi Shi shi shi shi, shi shi shi, shi shi shi shi shi Shi shi shi shi shi shi, shi shi shi Shi shi shi, shi shi shi shi shi shi Shi shi shi, shi shi shi shi shi shi shi Shi shi, shi shi shi shi shi shi shi shi shi shi shi Shi shi shi
24、shi ,漢字原文,中英並重,香港是個雙語社會很多作者，以中、英雙語寫作也有刊物，以中、英雙語出版,以兩筆規範記錄作參見，費工費時,標目缺乏唯一性,Li, Chi,混合式標目,中文名稱,LCNA 記錄,本地雙語作家,中文名稱,LC 的標目,著作 / 資料中常見的名稱,各施各法!,若仍依賴 LCNA 提供中文規範記錄，似乎是反客為主中文資料缺乏外包公司提供服務，規範工作遂由各館自行建立,香港圖書館的規範標目,各圖書館自行決定規範形式，大家都是權威，影響並不嚴重,但在網絡環境下，標目的差異，增加跨館書目檢索的漏檢率和誤檢率,在Z39.50，用檢索，結果如下：,720,在Z39.50，用 檢索，結果
25、如下：,286,各館標目的差異，阻礙跨館檢索及聯合編目的進行,Hong Kong Chinese Authority (Name) Workgroup,Hong Kong Chinese Authority (Name) Database,HKCAN,多(More),快(Faster),好(Better),省(Cheaper),多：增加規範資料來源 (More)快：加速建立中文規範記錄 (Faster)好：在跨館檢索中,使標目達到一致化 (Better)省：通過合作,節省各自建庫的成本 (Cheaper),目標,規範工作展望,1.與書目數據庫線上連接,2.自動產生規範記錄,規範工作展望,多語言
26、、多文字、多用途可在Web介面上運作,多語言、多文字、多用途可在Web介面上運作,規範記錄的未來,規範記錄的未來,大陸、台灣正生產、整編規範記錄供各圖書館使用LCNA (Library of Congress Name Authority)：成功在於合作精神NACO (Name Authority Cooperative)：200所圖書館合作共建類似 LCNA 般具影響力的數據庫，有賴兩岸三地的通力合作,進一步的館際合作,合作趨勢,香港各大學圖書館之間的合作層面仍然未夠廣泛和深入中央性的運作(Central functions) 可以更整合(integrated) 和 更連結 (linked)
27、,“. a much more highly integrated operation where key central functions of the co-operating libraries are linked .” (David Kohl, 1997),合作趨勢,will become part of a,Superlibrary Information Mosaic,Superlibrary Information Mosaic,Superlibrary Information Mosaic,Superlibrary Information Mosaic,Superlibra
28、ry Information Mosaic,合作趨勢,Superlibrary Information Mosaic,ILLINET OnlineIllinois Library Computer Systems Organization (ILCSO): a consortium of 45 Illinois librariesMELVYLUniversity of California SystemOhioLINKA consortium of 79 member libraries which include Ohios college and university libraries
29、and the State Library of Ohio,OhioLINK,an integrated central catalogue as the platform for all sorts of consortium-wide operations:cataloguingcirculationcollection developmentdocument deliveryoperating on INNOPAC library system,A model for academic libraries?,all university libraries in Hong Kong ar
30、e using the INNOPAC systempossible to form a technically and functionally integrated consortium,OhioLINK,A model for academic libraries?,A model for academic libraries?,1. A Consortium-wide User-initiated Circulation System,合作趨勢,HKUST,PolyU,HKU,LC,HKIEd,CHUK,User-initiated (讀者主導) circulation functio
31、nality“Circulation” : not a local function but a consortium-wide functionPolicy issues have to be straightened out,CityU,讀者主導,2. A Consortium-wide Central Catalogue,Union Catalogue,合作趨勢,Z39.50 software a virtual union catalogue onlyreliability still under questionUnion Cataloguea consortium-wide cen
32、tral cataloguefacilitates consortial circulation and cataloguing,3. A Consortium-wide Document Delivery System,Individual in-house ILL automation systems:not integratedinvolve a lot of tedious proceduresA consortium-wide ILL System:automatic transmission of requests to counterparts electronically wi
33、thin the same systemon-line enquiries about status of requests submittedcentral records of all ILL transactions and statistics,合作趨勢,4. Consortium-wide Collection Development,Advantages :better position -to secure government fundingto bargain for better contract termsa consortium set up to save hardw
34、are and maintenance cost,合作趨勢,UP TO NOW,End Users,Home Library(as intermediary),OutsideAgents,(Request),(Request),(Delivery),(Delivery),(Delivery),Advantages:speeds up the processsaves staff cost,Home Library(as intermediary),End Users,OutsideAgents,FUTURE,(Request),Library Co-operation,Better, faster, easier access to more,謝 謝,
