1. 管理: (management) 协调和监管他人的工作活动,从而使他们有效率有效果地完成工作。Management involves coordinating and overseeing the work activities of others so that their activities are completed efficiently and effectively.2. 管理学( management)是一门以社会组织和组织领导为研究对象的社会科学。(维基百科)Management is a social science whose objective is to study social organization and organizational leadership.3. 管理职能( management functions)包含计划、组织、领导、控制4 种。It includes Planning, Organizing, Leading and Controlling.4. 计划 (Planning)