1、1本科毕业论文外文翻译外文文献译文APROCESSCONTROLAPPROACHTOTACTICALINVENTORYMANAGEMENTINPRODUCTIONINVENTORYSYSTEMS资料来源INTERNATIONALJOURNALOFPRODUCTIONECONOMIC(6期)作者JAYDSCHWARTZ,DANIELERIVERA内部控制可以提供合理的,而不是绝对的,保证一个组织的目标会得到满足。合理的保证的概念意味着一种高度的保证,因建立的成本与收益增量控制程序,有效的内部控制意味着组织产生可靠的财务报告以及实质上符合法律法规的规定,适用于它,然而,不管一个组织达到运营和战略目
2、标可能取决于因素以外的企业,如竞争和技术创新。这些因素是内部控制的范围之外,因此,只提供了及时有效的内部控制信息和反馈的进展达到操作战略目标,但不能保证他们的成就。准确库存记录是一个十分严重的问题为零售商使用自动化的库存管理系统。我们考虑一个聪明的库存管理工具,占使用贝叶斯信念记录准确的物理的库存水平。我们假设多余的要求的是失去的时候和推导,在这种情况下,销售数据物理透露信息库存水平。我们发现一个概率分布是物理的库存水平充分总结过去的销售和补给的观察,这可以有效地更新概率分布在贝叶斯时尚观察积累。我们也证明使用该分布为依据实际库存补货和审计制度和说明所需的参数估计数据可以使用一个大的国家的零售
3、商。我们的牛鞭效应问题的政策避免“冻结”的问题,坚持在盘点位置零时相应的记录是积极的。此外,仿真结果表明,我们的大部分政策赔偿补库存成本的准确记录,我们明显优于现有的审计政策流行的“零平衡行走”审计政策。除此以外我们考虑N政策提出了一种自适应的基本库存水平,在一个单一项目的库存系统的需求非平稳过程。特别需要指出的是,需求的过程是一个综合移动平均秩序的过程0、1,1,提供EXPONENTIALWEIGHTED移动平均的最优预测。假设我们的库存控制策略描述随机变量,运用它们来找到安全库存系统的要求。从这个定义,我们看到,所需的库存,无论是在绝对意义上,这取决于补货时段、行为都迥然不同的非平稳需求对
4、这件事比静止的需求。然后,我们首先说明模型扩展到多级单项或供应链语境,特别是我们看到,需求的过程,不仅是上游阶段非平稳,但也更变比下游阶段。我们也发现在该模型没有价值会让上游阶段看到外源需求。本文的结论和一些观测的实际意义的工作。2作为广为接受的性能评价指标,在供应链管理实践,FREQUENCYBASED服务水平等STOCKOUT率满足率,经常被认为是在供应合同VENDORMANAGEDINVENTORYVMI软件。使用一个分散生产两党组成的供应链模式单一制造商和单一供应商在VMI环境,我们表明,供应商的服务水平一般都不足以让制造商保证理想的服务水平的客户端。供应商的方法获得其服务水平厂家也影
5、响顾客服务水平。通过发展限制客户服务水平,我们证明了预期的BACKORDERS供应商也应该考虑。我们建议一个供应合同,提供了一个菜单中的不同的组合,供应商的服务水平和预期BACKORDERS根据线性函数。根据这项合同,制造商可以控制终端用户的服务无论供应商库存管理她。供应商已经完全弹性相结合的两个量对菜单选择按照她自己的成本函数。因为它不需要任何的详细资料,对供应商的经营特点和费用,这种合同预计将容易强调。此外,我们得到一个估计的客户服务水平方面的新对策。我们的研究结果有直接的影响,以供应链度量一般当地的服务水平不够广泛措施来保证系统的性能。替代当地措施和/或协调机制应该用来达到所需的系统性能
6、。我们的分析也说明了一个可能的方法来探索替代措施。供应链管理SCM关心的是有效的运动商品通过网络对供应商和零售商。作为延迟和不确定,供应链动态系统提供了绝佳的机会,展示效益原则控制工程传统意义上所认为的“业务”的问题。本文提出了一种基本方法,但实际应用CONTROLTHEORETIC战术库存管理问题的原则在生产存贮系统,基本单位供应链。开始用一种流体类比,我们提出了内模控制IMC和模型预测控制MPC手段来生成一系列政策日益复杂的决定库存管理。结合近年FEEDBACKFEEDFORWARDIMC政策是正确调试工厂开始显示存在库存目标的变化,预测变化的客户需求,在随机变化的需求。MPC政策显示等效
7、的表现,但是包含附加功能的管理存货在限制因素的存在,一个重要的现实的考虑。MPC政策,改善了系统性能,显示出更大的灵活性和更高的功能相对于先进的ORDERUPTO政策基于控制工程的原则中发现的文学。3外文文献原文TITLEAPROCESSCONTROLAPPROACHTOTACTICALINVENTORYMANAGEMENTINPRODUCTIONINVENTORYSYSTEMSMATERIALSOURCEINTERNATIONALJOURNALOFPRODUCTIONECONOMICSAUTHORJAYDSCHWARTZ,DANIELERIVERAINTERNALCONTROLCANPROV
8、IDEREASONABLE,NOTABSOLUTE,ASSURANCETHATTHEOBJECTIVESOFANORGANIZATIONWILLBEMETTHECONCEPTOFREASONABLEASSURANCEIMPLIESAHIGHDEGREEOFASSURANCE,CONSTRAINEDBYTHECOSTSANDBENEFITSOFESTABLISHINGINCREMENTALCONTROLPROCEDURESEFFECTIVEINTERNALCONTROLIMPLIESTHEORGANIZATIONGENERATESRELIABLEFINANCIALREPORTINGANDSUBS
9、TANTIALLYCOMPLIESWITHTHELAWSANDREGULATIONSTHATAPPLYTOITHOWEVER,WHETHERANORGANIZATIONACHIEVESOPERATIONALANDSTRATEGICOBJECTIVESMAYDEPENDONFACTORSOUTSIDETHEENTERPRISE,SUCHASCOMPETITIONORTECHNOLOGICALINNOVATIONTHESEFACTORSAREOUTSIDETHESCOPEOFINTERNALCONTROLTHEREFORE,EFFECTIVEINTERNALCONTROLPROVIDESONLYT
10、IMELYINFORMATIONORFEEDBACKONPROGRESSTOWARDSTHEACHIEVEMENTOFOPERATIONALANDSTRATEGICOBJECTIVES,BUTCANNOTGUARANTEETHEIRACHIEVEMENTINVENTORYRECORDINACCURACYISASIGNIFICANTPROBLEMFORRETAILERSUSINGAUTOMATEDINVENTORYMANAGEMENTSYSTEMS,WECONSIDERANINTELLIGENTINVENTORYMANAGEMENTTOOLTHATACCOUNTSFORRECORDINACCUR
11、ACYUSINGABAYESIANBELIEFOFTHEPHYSICALINVENTORYLEVELWEASSUMETHATEXCESSDEMANDSARELOSTANDUNOBSERVED,INWHICHCASESALESDATAREVEALINFORMATIONABOUTPHYSICALINVENTORYLEVELSWESHOWTHATAPROBABILITYDISTRIBUTIONONPHYSICALINVENTORYLEVELSISASUFFICIENTSUMMARYOFPASTSALESANDREPLENISHMENTOBSERVATIONS,ANDTHATTHISPROBABILI
12、TYDISTRIBUTIONCANBEEFFICIENTLYUPDATEDINABAYESIANFASHIONASOBSERVATIONSAREACCUMULATEDWEALSODEMONSTRATETHEUSEOFTHISDISTRIBUTIONASTHEBASISFORPRACTICALREPLENISHMENTANDINVENTORYAUDITPOLICIESANDILLUSTRATEHOWTHENEEDEDPARAMETERSCANBEESTIMATEDUSINGDATAFROMALARGENATIONALRETAILEROURREPLENISHMENTPOLICIESAVOIDTHE
13、PROBLEMOF“FREEZING,”INWHICHAPHYSICALINVENTORYPOSITIONPERSISTSATZEROWHILETHECORRESPONDINGRECORDISPOSITIVEINADDITION,SIMULATIONSTUDIESSHOWTHATOURREPLENISHMENTPOLICIESRECOUPMUCHOFTHECOSTOFINVENTORYRECORDINACCURACY,ANDTHATOURAUDITPOLICYSIGNIFICANTLYOUTPERFORMSTHEPOPULAR“ZEROBALANCEWALK”AUDITPOLICYBEYOND
14、THATWECONSIDERANADAPTIVEBASESTOCKPOLICYFORASINGLEITEMINVENTORYSYSTEM,WHERETHEDEMANDPROCESSISNONSTATIONARY4INPARTICULAR,THEDEMANDPROCESSISANINTEGRATEDMOVINGAVERAGEPROCESSOFORDER0,1,1,FORWHICHANEXPONENTIALWEIGHTEDMOVINGAVERAGEPROVIDESTHEOPTIMALFORECASTFORTHEASSUMEDCONTROLPOLICYWECHARACTERIZETHEINVENTO
15、RYRANDOMVARIABLEANDUSETHISTOFINDTHESAFETYSTOCKREQUIREMENTSFORTHESYSTEMFROMTHISCHARACTERIZATION,WESEETHATTHEREQUIREDINVENTORY,BOTHINABSOLUTETERMSANDASITDEPENDSONTHEREPLENISHMENTLEADTIME,BEHAVESMUCHDIFFERENTLYFORTHISCASEOFNONSTATIONARYDEMANDCOMPAREDWITHSTATIONARYDEMANDWETHENSHOWHOWTHESINGLEITEMMODELEX
16、TENDSTOAMULTISTAGE,ORSUPPLYCHAINCONTEXTINPARTICULARWESEETHATTHEDEMANDPROCESSFORTHEUPSTREAMSTAGEISNOTONLYNONSTATIONARYBUTALSOMOREVARIABLETHANTHATFORTHEDOWNSTREAMSTAGEWEALSOSHOWTHATFORTHISMODELTHEREISNOVALUEFROMLETTINGTHEUPSTREAMSTAGESSEETHEEXOGENOUSDEMANDTHEPAPERCONCLUDESWITHSOMEOBSERVATIONSABOUTTHEP
17、RACTICALIMPLICATIONSOFTHISWORKASWIDELYACCEPTEDPERFORMANCEMEASURESINSUPPLYCHAINMANAGEMENTPRACTICE,FREQUENCYBASEDSERVICELEVELSSUCHASFILLRATEANDSTOCKOUTRATEAREOFTENCONSIDEREDINSUPPLYCONTRACTSUNDERVENDORMANAGEDINVENTORYVMIPROGRAMSUSINGADECENTRALIZEDTWOPARTYCAPACITATEDSUPPLYCHAINMODELCONSISTINGOFONEMANUF
18、ACTURERANDONESUPPLIERINAVMIENVIRONMENT,WEDEMONSTRATETHATSUPPLIERSSERVICELEVELISINGENERALINSUFFICIENTFORTHEMANUFACTURERTOWARRANTTHEDESIREDSERVICELEVELATTHECUSTOMERENDTHEMETHODBYWHICHTHESUPPLIERACHIEVESHERSERVICELEVELTOTHEMANUFACTURERALSOAFFECTSCUSTOMERSERVICELEVELBYDEVELOPINGBOUNDSONTHECUSTOMERSERVIC
19、ELEVEL,WESHOWTHATTHEEXPECTEDBACKORDERSATTHESUPPLIERSHOULDALSOBETAKENINTOACCOUNTWESUGGESTASUPPLYCONTRACTTHATOFFERSAMENUOFDIFFERENTCOMBINATIONSOFSUPPLIERSSERVICELEVELANDEXPECTEDBACKORDERSACCORDINGTOALINEARFUNCTIONUNDERTHISCONTRACT,THEMANUFACTURERCANCONTROLTHEENDCUSTOMERSERVICEREGARDLESSOFHOWTHESUPPLIE
20、RMANAGESHERINVENTORYTHESUPPLIERHASCOMPLETEFLEXIBILITYONWHICHCOMBINATIONOFTHETWOQUANTITIESONTHEMENUTOCHOOSEACCORDINGTOHEROWNCOSTFUNCTIONSBECAUSEITDOESNOTREQUIREANYDETAILEDINFORMATIONONSUPPLIERSOPERATIONALCHARACTERISTICSNORHERCOSTS,THISKINDOFCONTRACTISEXPECTEDTOBEEASILYIMPLEMENTABLEINADDITION,WEDERIVE
21、ANESTIMATEOFTHECUSTOMERSERVICELEVELINTERMSOFTHENEWMEASURESOURFINDINGSHAVEDIRECTIMPLICATIONSTOSUPPLYCHAINMETRICSINGENERALTHELOCALSERVICELEVELSAREINSUFFICIENTMEASURESTOGUARANTEETHESYSTEMWIDEPERFORMANCEALTERNATIVELOCALMEASURESAND/ORCOORDINATIONMECHANISMSSHOULDBEEMPLOYEDTOACHIEVEDESIREDSYSTEMPERFORMANCE
22、OURANALYSISILLUSTRATESAPOSSIBLE5WAYTOEXPLORESUCHALTERNATIVEMEASURESSUPPLYCHAINMANAGEMENTSCMISCONCERNEDWITHTHEEFFICIENTMOVEMENTOFGOODSTHROUGHANETWORKOFSUPPLIERSANDRETAILERSASDELAYEDANDUNCERTAINDYNAMICALSYSTEMS,SUPPLYCHAINSPROVIDEANEXCELLENTOPPORTUNITYFORDEMONSTRATINGTHEBENEFITSOFCONTROLENGINEERINGPRI
23、NCIPLESTOWHATISTRADITIONALLYPERCEIVEDASA“BUSINESS”PROBLEMTHISPAPERPRESENTSAFUNDAMENTALYETPRACTICALAPPROACHFORAPPLYINGCONTROLTHEORETICPRINCIPLESTOTACTICALINVENTORYMANAGEMENTPROBLEMINAPRODUCTIONINVENTORYSYSTEM,THEBASICUNITINASUPPLYCHAINBEGINNINGWITHTHEUSEOFAFLUIDANALOGY,WEPRESENTINTERNALMODELCONTROLIM
24、CANDMODELPREDICTIVECONTROLMPCASMEANSFORGENERATINGASERIESOFINCREASINGLYSOPHISTICATEDDECISIONPOLICIESFORINVENTORYMANAGEMENTACOMBINEDFEEDBACKFEEDFORWARDMULTIDEGREEOFFREEDOMIMCPOLICYISSHOWNTOPROPERLYADJUSTFACTORYSTARTSINTHEPRESENCEOFINVENTORYTARGETCHANGES,FORECASTEDSHIFTSINCUSTOMERDEMAND,ANDSTOCHASTICCH
25、ANGESINDEMANDTHEMPCPOLICYDISPLAYSEQUIVALENTPERFORMANCE,BUTINCORPORATESTHEADDEDFUNCTIONALITYOFMANAGINGINVENTORYINTHEPRESENCEOFCONSTRAINTS,ANIMPORTANTPRACTICALCONSIDERATIONTHEMPCPOLICYSHOWSIMPROVEDPERFORMANCE,GREATERFLEXIBILITY,ANDHIGHERFUNCTIONALITYRELATIVETOANADVANCEDORDERUPTOPOLICYBASEDONCONTROLENGINEERINGPRINCIPLESFOUNDINTHELITERATURE