1、1本科毕业论文外文翻译外文文献译文标题基于EVA的绩效评价资料来源WWW点PDFCARI点COM/EVABASEDPERFORMANCEMEASUREMENT冒号ACASESTUDYOFDABURINDIAHTML作者DEBDASRAKSHIT摘要衡量企业业绩的传统方法有很多。一般衡量业绩的标准有净利率,营业利润率,投资回报率(ROI),净资产报酬率(RONW),每股收益(EPS)等。其中,投资回报率是公认的整体性能的最流行的标准。但是,常常存在这样的争论,这些传统的方法并不能准确的定义真正的盈余。经济增加值(EVA)提倡作为衡量企业业绩的新措施,重点明确盈余对比传统使用的利润为基础的指标。为
2、了业绩评价的效率,创造经济价值或附加值方面的效率是在目前的背景下公司治理最重要的措施。虽然采取一种全面的方式维护所有者利益这是正确的,但应该牢记,在评估企业时首要考虑的是在政策指引下的以经济价值创造附加价值方面。如果在这方面是不满意或是发出错误的信号会使证券市场和实体的运作的连续性受到威胁。鉴于上述考虑,本文尝试通过使用EVA对公司的性能作出分析。只是赚取利润是不够的,一个企业应该要获得足够的利润弥补其资本成本和创造盈余的增长。简单地说,在资本成本之上赚取的任何利润就是经济附加值。传统的企业业绩衡量指标有很多。常用的指标有净利润率(NPM),经营利润率(OPM),投资回报率(ROI),净值报酬
3、率(RONW)等。税后利润(PAT),是提供给股东的利润指标。税后利息前利润(PBIAT)是一个指标所产生的盈余使用的资金总额。投资回报率仍然是公认的最流行的衡量盈利能力的指标。然而,传统的利润指标在解释报告的利润是否包括资本成本时是无效的。他的基本命题是,资本回报率应大于资本成本。传统上来说,税后利润在损益表中只是表示提供给股东的利润,偏好和股票,维持股息的能力,他们是不能测试出利润是否充足的。是否能够产生经济增加值是唯一能测试利润是否充足的方法,称之为EVA或者资本成本的经营活动产生的盈余。这是一个应该由员工,管理层和股东共享企业盈余的新措施。2EVA与传统的向股东提供的利润相比更关注盈余
4、方面,它是用来作为性能指标,并作为行政赔偿的基础。盈余应来源于未计利息,但税后利润中应扣除资本成本。EVA的计算涉及的三个数值计算,(I)净税后利息前的营业利润,(II)资本(III)基于对资本资产定价模型的加权平均资本成本。经济附加值税后净营业利润资本总额加权平均资本成本率资本收益率(净利润平均资本)100他摆脱了主观臆断,需要确定利润和资本成本。权益成本是在资本资产定价模型的基础上派生的。当得到经济附加值时,只要以企业报告为目的,就有必要做出一定的会计调整。经济增加值会涉及太多关于股东价值的增加而不是侧重于利益相关者的利益。但他仍是一个强大的性能测量工具,有人认为,如果一家公司能够服务他的
5、股东,那么它可以更好地服务于所有其他利益相关者也。EVA的研究目的如下1为了检查是否公司已经能够为股东创造价值。2要通过运用传统的公司业绩计算绩效指标,如投资回报率和新的企业绩效衡量标准EVA。伊斯顿,P哈里斯,T和奥尔森,J(1992)观察到,经济附加值(EVA)是一个日益流行的衡量企业业绩的措施之一,EVA绩效评估往往是由公司使用,但也可作为确定薪酬激励的基础。斯图尔特(III)和贝内特,G(1994)指出,“EVA是一个强大的已经获得了越来越多的国际领域接受的新的管理工具和企业管治标准。本质上讲,EVA是一种合法化和制度化,正在运行的按照基本的微观经济学和企业融资业务原则的一种标准。EV
6、A系统,通过提供这样一个综合决策框架,可以重新调整能源和资源,以创造可持续的价值。RICE,VA(1996年)观察到,“以前我们使用了几种衡量方式从每股收益和现金流量折现平均资产回报率衡量我们的财务前景,。在使用EVA时,他能满足我们的业务目标,并创建一个新的企业文化。它贯穿各个层面,从会议室到车间。所有管理人员的奖金仅由是否多种实现其EVA指标来确定。在我们公司的每一个决定和每一个行动的结果都是使用EVA的原则的结果。我们把重点放在确保每一个投资产生的回报能超过我们的资本成本上。我们相信这种方法能够确保我们管理层和股东的利益。”雷,拉斯(2001)指出,EVA和改善财务状况之间的缺失环节,实
7、际上是生产力。EVA可以成为一个强大的工具。如果运用得当,它可以让一个公司知道哪里可以使它创造价值,而哪里不能。当今企业常用的指标模型有两个杜邦模型和经济价值增值模型3杜邦模型净资产收益率资产净利率权益乘数而资产净利率销售净利率资产周转率即净资产收益率销售净利率资产周转率权益乘数杜邦模型是一个在会计收益的概念的基础上衡量财务业绩典型的传统的模式。杜邦模型的中心标准投资回报率(ROI)是最好的衡量整体财务性能和一个组织的所有活动最终贡献的标准。对于这样的分析非常重视奠定基础的财务比率即盈利能力,偿债能力,营运能力和发展能力。投资回报率代表该公司的盈利能力。投资回报率取决于两个比率(一)净利润率和
8、(二)资本周转率。这些比率将改变公司的盈利能力。这两个比率都受许多因素的影响。经济价值增值模式投资回报率净利润率资产周转率净利润销售收入/销售收入资产总额/收入费用已售商品成本销售及分配费用固定资产营运成本流动资产流动负债4经济增加值代表一个组织可获得的价值。有三个因素来计算EVA。(一)息前税后利润(二)加权资本平均成本和(III)在使用的资本。在三个因素中的任何变化会改变的EVA值。从上面的图表可以看出,高层管理人员,可以采取适当的决定以下列方式创造价值使用越来越多的资金,使这些活动所产生的税后净营业利润金额大于资本成本。当税后净营业利润小于资本成本时,除非有战略决策是以失去一个项目来获取
9、另个项目,不然都要从中取回资金。这样才能提高组织的运营效率,以保持税后净营业利润。通过优化债务股本结构,以优化资本结构以尽可降低加权平均资本成本。资本资产定价模型下的权益成本权益资本的预期回报公式如下KERFRMRFKE股本成本RF无风险报酬率风险系数RM市场回报率经济增加值税后息前利润资产总额加权平均资本成本息前利润利息税费债务成本股本成本固定资产投资营运成本收入利息不计利息开支已售商品成本销售及分配开支利率税率无风险利率风险利率流动资产流动负债5可赎回债务成本KDIRVSV/NIT/RVSV/2KD债务成本I每年支付利息N到期期限RV赎回债务的到期时间SV销售折扣加权平均资本成本作为公司的
10、融资平均成本,股权,债券,银行贷款加权每个元素按比例承担的资本总额的份额。通常是基于市场的估值,目前的产量和成本后加权,但EVA计算的目的,加权平均资本成本的计算方法是运用账面价值权重的债务成本,股权成本和优先股的成本。换句话说,最初,每个资金来源的成本是分别计算的。然后按照权重,占总额的比例来计算整体资本成本。WACCKEESF/CEKDLTD/CEKPPSF/CEWACC加权平均资本成本KE权益成本ESF股东权益资金CE运用的资金KD债务成本LTD长期债务KP优先股股本PSF优先股股东资金结论在过去很成功的业绩评价系统已经过时了,在某些情况下已经达不到预期的效果了。在一个充满活力和更具竞争
11、力的的环境下,需要一个动态的基准,以得到更准确的数据即该公司是否有他的经济价值。基于EVA的绩效评价体系,有助于公司采取适当的战略决定资金的分配,兼并与收购,剥离的业务和目标设定。在决定资源分配,因此有必要考虑EVA所带来的影响。6外文文献原文TITLEEVABASEDPERFORMANCEMEASUREMENTACASESTUDYOFDABURINDIALIMITEDMATERIALSOURCEWWW点PDFCARI点COM/EVABASEDPERFORMANCEMEASUREMENT冒号ACASESTUDYOFDABURINDIAHTMLAUTHORDEBDASRAKSHITABSTRAC
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28、FICALLYITALLOWSAFIRMTOIDENTIFYWHERETHERETURNONITSCAPITALISOUTSTRIPPINGTHECOSTOFTHATCAPITALFORTHOSEAREASOFTHEFIRMWHERETHEFORMERISINDEEDGREATERTHANTHELATTEREVAANALYSISTHENALLOWSTHEFIRMTOCONCENTRATEONTHEFIRMSPRODUCTIVITYINORDERTOMAXIMIZETHEVALUECREATEDOFTHEFIRMFINALLY,ASINVESTORSBUYMORESHARESINTHEFIRMI
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