1、1本科毕业论文外文翻译外文文献译文标题探究企业应收账款中的投资组合管理方法资料来源东南欧洲经济贸易期刊作者格热戈日米哈尔斯基摘要企业基本的财务目的是实现企业价值最大化。贸易信贷管理应该也有助于实现这一基本目标。财政管理资料中显示了诸多流动资产的管理模式,都将采取账面盈利最大化作为其基本的财政目的。这些以账面利润为基础的模型可能缺乏其他相关的目标(例如企业价值的最大化)。要实现企业价值最大化这一目标就要将目光聚焦于风险和不确定。本文显示了买方在购买产品或服务中延期支付所带来的操作风险而可能导致的后果。本文提供了一种利用投资管理理论来衡量应收账款水平的方法。企业的应收账款水平的增长能够增进企业的净
2、运营资本以及持有资本和管理应收账款。这两者都会减少企业的价值,但是利用与投资组合管理相结合的应收账款这一开放政策便能够增长企业的价值。为控制这些风险的所作的分配方法是需要承担的,其中,需要特别考虑对投资组合理论猜想的适应和对企业价值中存在的潜在影响的测量。关键词应收账款,贸易信贷管理,增量分析方法,基于价值管理,投资组合分析1简介企业的基本财务目标是实现企业价值最大化。与此同时,无论是理论和实践研究都表明它增加企业价值的决定因素。金融财务文献中包含诸多影响企业价值的因素。其中因素之一是净运营资本的程度和塑造它的因素,如现金占用应收账款水平,存货,应付账款的早期支付和运营现金余额。经典金融模型和
3、有关优化管理流动资产的建议的大部分被修建与心中的净利润最大化。这就是为什么这些模型需要重建以使它们适合于企业以最大限度地发挥自己价值的原因。关于是否放宽贸易信贷条款的决定是一个折中办法,这种办法一方面可以降低低信用客户无法偿还贷款的风险,另一方面可以通过一种更自由的贸易信贷政策来获取新客户。这决定了应收账款的形状的水平和质量。在本文所讨论的问题涉及在决策时选择那些客户应给予贸易信贷使用投资组合的可能性。在这篇文章中,我们将证明该公司可能在贸易信用条件出售给一些以前客户时被拒是可能的,因为增加公司的价值创造的同时会造成巨大的运营风险。只有公司有来自各分支机构的采购并且如果这些分支机构有不同程2度
4、的经营风险,这种贸易信贷的扩展是可能的。一个企业成功的关键是执行客户的投资组合分析与经营风险管理水平频谱的结果。2基于价值管理的应收账款如果从企业持有应收账款水平带来的优势大于负面影响来定义,那么公司的价值会增长。应收账款水平的变化会影响公司价值。为了测量这么变化产生的影响,我们使用下列公式,基于该公司目前的价值是未来现金流量的总和FCFF,由融资公司的资金成本率折现NTTTPKFCFFV11),其中VP公司价值的增长;FCFFT未来的自由在T期的现金流增长,K折扣速率1。在估算自由现金流量时,该控股和净营运资本的增加联系起来的现金用于净营运资本的融资。如果净营运资本增加,这意味着企业必须利用
5、、捆绑更多的现金,同时也减少了自由现金流量。生产水平的提高依靠的是库存现金,存货和应收账款水平的增长。但这中增长的一部分会掩盖那些自动生成的生产和销售增加量的流动负债。之后,剩余的现金需求(通常被记为净营运资本)将会需要一个不同形式的融资。贸易信贷政策决策的贸易信贷条件的变化创造了应收账款的一个新水平。因此,贸易信贷政策影响公司价值,这是由于应收账款中现金的替代成本和一般相关成本结合起来共同管理应收账款的结果。涉及未来自由现金流量的改建的第一年和第二年并做为一个企业价值变化的结果。在图1中,我们展示了贸易信贷政策变化对公司价值的影响。这些决策改变了未来自由现金流量FCFF企业的寿命T企业融资资
6、本成本率K这三个因素的变化影响企业价值的创造VP。影响企业融资资本成本率贸易信贷政策的变化影响资本成本影响未来自由现金流量影响企业寿命贸易信贷政策的变化影响成本净营运资本的增加NTTTPKFCFFV11)经济附加值税后净营业利润企业融资资本成本率净运营资本负责成本贸易信贷政策的变化影响企业的寿命3图1贸易信贷政策影响公司价值。其中FCFF企业的自由现金流量,NWC净营运资本的增加,K企业融资资本成本率以及T企业寿命。3贸易信贷决策的一个投资组合理论方法一个投资组合的资产(例如应收账款)。应收账款管理的投资组合方式可以利用公司鼓励客户购买决策时要考虑的基本准则之一的利润率(从资产中的优势率)。贸
7、易信贷的利润率可以定义为NARCRCOSTSRCOSTS,其中NARR从向买家提供贸易信贷的盈利率N,CR额外销售到客户N产生的现金收入增长而不是现金销售,COSTS提供贸易信贷到买方N产生的费用增长。4结论对应收账款的管理决策非常复杂。一方面,由于对商业信用的极度自由的政策导致大量的钱财被绑定在应收账款上。这将额外地给应收账款服务的高成本交易加注可替代的高成本。额外的费用很大程度上由冒险的顾客的坏账所产生。另一方面,自由的商业信用方针有助于扩大销售额。本文所阐述的问题有关于购买者的商业风险。这些购买者关注于商业信用。他们作为个别的被考虑的对象被认为具有着很高地冒险水平。但是,如果他们被看做是
8、一些企业顾客群体中的一份子,如果把他们的支付习惯与剩下的那些群体的支付习惯联系起来,那么原先那些不可能会变成为可能,甚至可能变得有利可图。投资组合的优点有时候如同是应收账款的投资结构,表现出较低的风险。和独立考虑的购买群体相比,具有着令人满意的优势。4外文文献原文TITLEAPORTFOLIOMANAGEMENTAPPROACHINACCOUNTSRECEIVABLEMANAGEMENTMATERIALSOURCESOUTHEASTEUROPEANJOURNALOFECONOMICSANDBUSINESSAUTHORGRZEGORZMICHALSKIABSTRACTTHEBASICFINANC
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