1、2018 年广东省茂名市高三二模试题英语第一部分 听力（共两节，满分 30 分） （略）第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分 60 分）第一节 （共 15 小题；每小题 3 分，满分 45 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ASpecial ProgramsCareer StoriesWhat do you want to be when growing up? Hear first-hand from four Science Centre staff on the different career paths they have taken. Our
2、 real-life role models share their experiencesand demonstrate that pathways to success, while unique to everyone, are based on the development of 21st century competencies and a commitment to lifelong learning.Duration: 60 minutesTime: 10:30-11:30Dates: May 13 & 27, 2018Price: $15 per studentClimate
3、 ChangeUnderstand the complex connections between human activity, greenhouse gases, heat transfer and climate change. Investigate past climate data , see ocean acidification in action and compare Canada to the world. Use a physical climate model to test whether you can stabilize the Earths climate.D
4、uration: 45 minutesTimes: 10-10:45, 11-11:45, 12-12:45, 1-1:45 and 2-2:45Dates: June 18, 23 & 24, 2018Price: $10 per studentCharacteristics of ElectricityWitness the power of electricity with shocking demonstrations. From Galvani to Tesla, re discover the practical applications of current, circuits
5、and resistance. Understand how electric energy is generated, and be a part of a human electric circuit. Get energized with a sparktacular static electric discharge（静电释放）!Duration: 55 minutesTime: 11-11:55Dates: July 24, 2018Price: $10 per studentMental Health: The Science of AnxietyYour heart is rac
6、ing, your mouth is dry and your stomach is in knots! Dont worry, everyone feels anxious sometimes. Explore whats really going on in our brains when we experience anxiety, how it affects our bodies and why stress can sometimes be a good thing. This presentation explains how our brains and bodies reac
7、t to stress, while introducing students to evidencebased approaches. Mental health applies to everyone we can all take steps to enjoy life and deal with the challenges you face each day!Duration: 45 minutesTimes: 11-11:45Dates: August 7, 8, 9, 10 & 11, 2018Price: $10 per student1. What do we know ab
8、out the program Career Stories?A. It offers tips on lifelong learning.B. It is presented with moral stories.C. It is based on first hand experiences.D. It provides practical pathways to success.2. Which of the programs is available in June?A. Career Stories.B. Climate Change.C. Characteristics of El
9、ectricity.D. Mental Health: The Science of Anxiety.3. What can you acquire in Mental Health: The Science of Anxiety?A. How mental concerns are handled.B. How electric energy is generated.C. How a human electric circuit develops.D. How extreme feelings affect our bodies.1.解析：根据 Career Stories 部分“ Hea
10、r first hand from four Science Centre staff on the different career paths they have taken.”可知答案为 C。答案：C2.解析：根据文中对四个“ Special Programs”的时间描述，可确定答案为 B。答案：B3.解析：根据第四部分的描述“ This presentation explains how our brains and bodies react to stress, while introducing students to evidence based approaches.”可知答案
11、为 A。答案：ABIf your cat often waits too long outside a t the door waiting to be let in, what would you do? Arkaitz Garro, a WeTransfer software engineer in Holland, decided to use his skills to solve the problem. Instead of setting up a good old catflap（猫洞） on his door, he went for a more hightech solu
12、tion involving artificial intelligence, motiondetection sensors, face recognition software and a messaging app. It may be overkill, but Arkait z claims that it only took him a few hours to do it, as all the hardware and software he used are readily available.It all started a few years ago, when Garr
13、o and his wife spotted a cat in their back balcony. Not knowing if it had been abandoned, lost by its owner, or simply homeless, they took it in, but also posted some pictures of it around their neighborhood, in case someone was looking for it.“We found out that the cat had an owner, just a few hous
14、es away and he was very happy toshare the cat with us. Now it has two families who love him,” Arkaitz said.“So, he has developed a schedule to come at around specific times.”The problem was that neither Garro nor his wife could simply stand by the door waiting for it to show up, so he came up with a
15、 device（装置） made up of a minicomputer complete with a camera that would use motiondetection（运动检测） and imagerecognition AI software toautomatically identify the cat and then message him so he could let the animal in.“We just want to be notified when he is around,” Arkaitz explained.“When it detects m
16、ovement, it sends the picture to a recognition software, which checks against the identity of the cat based on previous imagery of the cat.”“It took me just a few hours to put all the pieces together and the software up and running, but some more time after to fine tune the software to be able to re
17、cognize the cat,”Arkaitz said, but in the end it proved to be effective.4. What did Arkaitz Garro think of his invention?A. It was moneysaving.B. It was ecofriendly.C. It was timeconsuming.D. It was easily made.5. Why di d Arkaitz Garro and his wife put up some pictures of the cat?A. To seek a shelt
18、er for it.B. To find its true owner.C. To look for a potential buyer.D. To advertise its presence to its companions.6. How does Arkaitzs system check against his cats identity?A. By matching its image.B. By identifying its smell.C. By measuring its size.D. By recognizing its voice.7. What is the las
19、t step of Arkaitzs system when it works?A. Send a message.B. Send the picture.C. Detect movement.D. Require identification.4.解析：根据第二段“ but Arkaitz claims that it only took him a few hours to do it .”，可知答案为 D。答案：D5.解析：根据第三段“ . they took it in, but also posted some pictures of it around their neighbor
20、hood, in case someone was looking for it.”可知答案为 B。答案：B6.解析：由原文第五段“ . that would use motion detection（运动检测） and image recognition AI software to automatically identify the cat .”可知此项装置是通过识别图片来确定猫的身份。故答案为 A。答案：A7.解析：由原文第五段“ and then message him so he could let the animal in.”可知这个装置要在识别猫的身份后会给主人发信息，主人接
21、到信息后才会让猫进屋来。故答案为 A。答案：ACCameron is no ordinary dog, and not just because he was born on Valentines Day. To Maggie, a firstgrader at Burgundy Farm Country Day School, the dog who spends most days on campus is more like a friend. When Cameron is near, Maggie feels“really, really, happy,” she said.“I f
22、eel safe around him,” she added.“Hell lie down and ask me to scratch his tummy,” she explained, because Cameron likes Maggie.Cameron is one of a handful of dogs at Burgundy, a K8 private day school in Alexandria, Virginia. Dogs started showing up there when the head of school, Jeff Sindler, brought
23、his clumsy Labrador, Luke, to the main office building where Sindler works. After Luke died, Sindler adopted Cameron and brought him to campus, too, where the dog Maggie described as “really cute” became a school favorite.“They dont care if youre good at basketball, or a great reader, or popular,” S
24、indler said. “They just want to be loved equal opportunity,” he added. Cameron and the other dogs on campus always fastened with a rope and with their owner go a long way toward improving students social and emotional wellbeing, he said. They reduce tension and ease anxiety, and inspire happy feelin
25、gs from students.“They bring out some superbasic and important emotions,” he said,“and are especially helpful for children and adults who struggle in social communication.” Children often came from challenging backgrounds: many lived in poverty, or had to travel through dangerous neighborhoods to ge
26、t to school, or shared a toocrowded home. When these emotionally needy children met the dogs, they relaxed and were more prepared to learn.Just as important, dogs on school grounds set a posit ive, welcoming tone. They help preserve the school climate that is accepting, supportive and curious.“Dogs
27、are one way to hold on to that,” Sindler said, adding that“schools should be fun and exciting, and dogs can be a big part of that.”For Sindler, including Cameron was all part of an effort to create a safe environment where learning could flourish.8. What makes the dog Cameron really special?A. His r
28、are category.B. His particular birthmark.C. His attractive appearance.D. His companionable nature.9. How do dogs on campus improve students social and emotional wellbeing?A. By playing fetch together fondly.B. By offering them comfort equally.C. By playing basketball together freely.D. By walking a
29、long way together happily.10. What does the underlined word“that” in paragraph 5 refer to?A. A positive tone.B. The school ground.C. A welcoming attitude.D. The school atmosphere.11. Whats the purpose of the passage?A. To encourage schools to bring in more dogs.B. To explain why dogs help students w
30、ith learning.C. To introduce a way to help students grow healthily. D. To explore the possibility to challenge nodog rules.8.解析：根据文章第一段所给信息“ the dog who spends most days on campus is more like a friend.”以及“ Hell lie down and ask me to scratch his tummy,”可推断出 Cameron 友善的特性。故答案为 D。答案：D9.解析：根据文章第三段的描述，
31、狗狗们并不在乎你是否是篮球高手，是否喜欢阅读，也不在乎你是否受大家欢迎。 他们要求平等地得到学生的爱，也同时均等地给予学生安慰，体现了机会均等原则。故答案为 B。答案：B10.解析：根据划线词之前的句子表述“ . dogs on school grounds set a positive, welcoming tone. They help preserve the school climate that is accepting, supportive and curious.”可知，生活在校园的狗营造出一种积极的、欢迎的氛围。他们有助于保持这种包容的、支持的、好奇的学校氛围。因此可知此处
32、that 指代上文中的 “ the school climate”，故答案为D。答案：D11.解析：根据全文内容可知，主要介绍校园里养狗有助于学生的健康成长。故答案为C。答案：CDPeople who risk their lives to save strangers do so without deliberation, according to a Yaleled analysis of statements from more than 50 recognized civilian heroes published online Oct. 15 in the journal PLOS
33、ONE.“We wonder if people who act with extreme altruism（利他主义） do so without thinking, or if conscious selfcontrol is needed to override negative emotions like fear,” said David Rand, a Yale psychologist who authored the study with Ziv G. Epstein of Pomona College in Claremont, Calif.“Our analyses sho
34、w that strongly, extreme altruists report acting first and thinking later.”Rand, who studies human cooperation, got hundreds of participants to read 51 statements made by individuals who have received the Carnegie Hero Medal, given to civilians who risk their lives to save strangers. Participants an
35、alyzed those statements for evidence of whether they acted intuitively or with deliberation. An analysis of text by computer did the same.“What you dont find in the statements is people who say,I thought it over and I decided it was the right thing to do,” Rand said.Instead, most responded like Chri
36、stine Marty, a 21yearold college student who rescued a 69year old trapped in a car during a flashflood.“Im thankful I was able to act and not think about it,” Marty said in a statement.The findings are consistent with Ra nds previous studies of cooperation in“economic games,” where participants choo
37、se whether or not to share resources. In these studies, subjectsforced to think carefully tend to be selfish while those using intuition（直觉） are more likely to be cooperative.Rand cautions that intuitive responses are not necessarily genetically hardcoded. He believes people learn that helping other
38、s is often in their own longterm selfinterest and develop intuitive habits of cooperation, rather than possessing an inborn tendency preserved byevolution.“The best evolutionary outcome is to be able to learn, adapting to whether you were born into a situation where it is typically good to cooperate
39、 or to be selfish,” he said.12. What conclusion was drawn from David Rands study?A. Heroes help without thinking.B. Heroes offer help on purpose.C. Heroes have a better selfcontrol.D. Heroes think carefully before they act.13. How did Rand conduct his study?A. By analysing heroes life stories.B. By
40、interviewing heroes on the spot.C. By studying heroes opinions about their behaviors.D. By keeping track of heroes conscious selfcontrol.14. What can we infer about Rands opinion on heroes behavior?A. It is inborn.B. It is acquired.C. It is wellplanned.D. It is halfborn and halfmade.15. Which of the
41、 following can be the best title for the text?A. How heroes stepped out of dangerB. How heroes help others out of troubleC. Heroes dont deliberate before they actD. Heroes deserve the Carnegie Hero Medal12.解析：根据文章第二段最后一句话可以推断出答案 A。答案：A13.解析：根据第三段内容“ . got hundreds of participants to read 51 statemen
42、ts made by individuals who have received . 以及 Participants analyzed those statements for evidence of whether they acted intuitively or with deliberation. An analysis of text by computer did the same.”可知，他的研究方法是通过参与者和电脑推演来分析英雄们自己的陈述，故选 C。答案：C14.解析：根据文章倒数第二段的描述“ He believes people learn that helping o
43、thers is often in their own long term self interest and develop intuitive habits of cooperation, rather than possessing an inborn tendency preserved by evolution. ”可知帮助别人的行为不是生来就有的，而是在长期的利己主义中逐步培养的一种直觉的合作行为。所以答案为 B。答案：B15.解析：全文围绕英雄们在见义勇为之前并未经过深思熟，所以选 C。答案：C第二节 （共 5 小题；每小题 3 分，满分 15 分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中
44、选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Ways to reduce plastic wastePlastic is found in virtually everything these days. Your food is packaged in it. Your car, phone and computer are made from it. 16 . While most plastics are advertised as recyclable, the reality is that theyre“downcycled.”Luckily, there are simp
45、le steps you can take to dramatically decrease the amount of plastic waste you produce. 17 One of the easiest ways to keep plastic out of the landfill is to refuse plastic straws. Simply inform your waiter or waitress that you dont need one, and make sure to state this clearly when ordering at a dri
46、vethru. Cant stand giving up the convenience of straws? 18 . Restaurants are less likely to bring you a plastic one if they see that youve brought your own.Use reusable produce bagsAbout one million plastic bags are used every minute. A single plastic bag can take 1,000 years to degrade. If youre al
47、ready bringing reusable bags to the grocery store, youre on theright track. Purchase some reusable produce bags and help keep even more plastic out of the landfill. However, avoid those bags made from nylon or polyeste（聚酯纤维）. 19 .Use matches20 if you need to light a candle, build a campfire or start
48、 a fire for any other reason.These cheap plastic devices sit in landfills for years and have even been found in dead birds stomachs. If you cant bear to part with your lighter, pick up a refillable metal one to help cut down on waste.A. Say no to strawsB. Choose cotton ones insteadC. Dont use plasti
49、c containerD. Choose matches over plastic lightersE. Most restaurants will have no problem with itF. And you might even chew on it daily in the form of gumG. Purchase a reusable stainless steel or glass drinking straw解析：16.根据全文的内容以及前句可确定此处为进，故确定答案为 F。17.此处为子，由全段内容可确定答案为 A。18.根据前后句的话可以确定答案为 G。19.根据话和并可确定答案，所以选 B 项。20.根据句子内容和可确定答案。故答案为 D。答案：16. F 17. A 18. G 19. B 20. D第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分 55 分）第一节 完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 40 分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。At his graduatio
