1、1本科毕业论文外文翻译外文文献译文标题关于文化节庆的多重利益相关者的观点奥克兰文艺节资料来源酒店营销与管理杂志VOL203,2011作者TINABUCH,SIMONMILNEHALL,1992）。在新的黄金时代，节庆行业进一步的发展，不仅仅是节庆活动的数量显著增加，学术出版物数量也大量增加，而且世界各地的大专院校也开设了相关课程。经济的影响及相关政策，是20世纪90年代和21世纪初流行的研究课题。特别是在近几年里，该领域已经扩大到了包括社会和环境因素，这三个因素都被纳入“三重底线”的做法。（DWYER,MELLOR,MISTILIS,FREDLINE,RAYBOULD,JAGO,MCMORLA
2、NDSOFIELDMCMORLANDMCMORLANDVANZYLHALL,1992INTHENEWMILLENNIUMTHEEVENTSINDUSTRYHASSEENABOOSTNOTONLYINTERMSOFTHENUMBEROFEVENTSANDFESTIVALSONOFFER,BUTALSOINTHEINCREASEDVOLUMEOFACADEMICPUBLICATIONSANDPROGRAMSOFFEREDATTERTIARYINSTITUTIONSAROUNDTHEWORLDECONOMICIMPACTSANDRELATEDPOLICYWERETHEPREVALENTRESEARC
3、HTOPICINTHE1990SANDEARLY2000SINMORERECENTYEARSTHEFIELDHASBROADENEDTOINCLUDESOCIALANDENVIRONMENTALIMPACTS,WITHALLTHREEAREASBEINGINTEGRATEDINTOA“TRIPLEBOTTOMLINE”APPROACHDWYER,MELLOR,MISTILIS,FREDLINE,RAYBOULD,JAGO,MCMORLANDSOFIELDMCMORLANDMCMORLANDVANZYLFESTIVALNOVELTYANDSOCIALINTERACTIONWITHFAMILY,F
4、RIENDS,ANDOTHERSASWELLASPULLFACTORSSUCHASAUTHENTICFOODANDENTERTAINMENTFESTIVALRESEARCHHASTRADITIONALLYFOCUSEDONTHEVISITORSORAUDIENCEASTHEUNITOFANALYSIS,NOTTHESTALLHOLDERSAFEWEXAMPLESOFRESEARCHONSTALLHOLDERSINCLUDETHESTUDYOFSTAKEHOLDERSATTHEGREEKFESTIVALOFSYDNEYSPIROPOULOS,GARGALIANOS,SOTIRIADOU,2006
5、THESEAUTHORSDEVELOPEDAFRAMEWORKCATEGORIZINGSTALLHOLDERSFROMBOTHAFUNCTIONALPERSPECTIVESUCHASMARKETINGANDPRODUCTION,ANDANETHNICORIENTEDPERSPECTIVEEG,GREEK,GREEKAUSTRALIANTHISFRAMEWORKMAYASSISTSPONSORS,POLICYMAKERS,ANDEVENTMANAGERSTOBETTERIDENTIFYTHEROLESANDIMPACTSOFEACHSTAKEHOLDERRUTINGANDLI2006EXAMIN
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7、IVALEQUATIONTOADDRESSTHIS,FROSTANDOAKLEY2007SOUGHTTOINTEGRATETHECONCEPTSOFFINANCIALANDCULTURALENTREPRENEURSHIPTHEAUTHORSARGUETHATFESTIVALSACTASATEMPORARYMARKETPLACEWITHLOWENTRYBARRIERS“THEYAREOFTENSEENASPROVIDINGOPPORTUNITIESFORRECENTMIGRANTS,BOTHTOEXPLORETRADITIONALCULTURALEXPRESSIONSSUCHASDANCEORM
8、USICANDINAREASLIKEFOODRETAILING”FROSTOAKLEY,2007,P1FROSTANDOAKLEYS2007RESEARCHFOCUSESONTHECARNAVALDELPUEBLOANDTHEBRICKLANEFESTIVALTHESEEVENTSAREMANAGEDBYCOMMUNITIESINCLOSECOOPERATIONWITHLOCALAUTHORITIESORIGINALLYDEVELOPEDFORLONDONSCOLOMBIANCOMMUNITY,THECARNAVALNOWEMBRACESTHEWIDERLATINAMERICANCOMMUNI
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10、ALAS“ANACCESSIBLEMARKETINGOPPORTUNITY,RATHERTHANASASHOWCASEFORCULTURALHERITAGE”FROSTOAKLEY,2007,P5LIMITEDRESEARCHHASFOCUSEDONORINCLUDEDTHEPERSPECTIVEOFTHEFESTIVALORGANIZERSASTUDYBYGURSOY,KIM,ANDUYSAL2004FOCUSEDONTHEWAYEVENTORGANIZERSVIEWTHEIMPACTSOFFESTIVALSANDSPECIALEVENTSONAHOSTCOMMUNITYTHEIRSTUDY
11、SHOWEDTHATEVENTORGANIZERSGENERALLYPERCEIVEFESTIVALSASCONTRIBUTINGTOCOMMUNITYCOHESIVENESSASOPPOSEDTOBEINGMAJORCONTRIBUTORSTOTHELOCALECONOMYJACKSON,HOUGHTON,RUSSELL,ANDTRIANDOS2005NOTEDINTHEDEVELOPMENTOFTHEIRDOITYOURSELFKITFORMEASURINGECONOMICIMPACTSTHATTHEFESTIVALORGANIZERSONLYSAWTHEECONOMICIMPACTSAS
12、PARTOFTHEMOTIVATIONFORSTAGINGAFESTIVALTHEMAJORITYSPECIFIEDINCREASEDTOURISMBECAUSEOFINCREASEDAWARENESSCREATEDBYTHEFESTIVAL,ANDALSOINCLUDEDCULTURAL,SOCIAL,ANDOTHERCOMMUNITYDEVELOPMENTOUTCOMESMAYFIELDANDCROMPTON1995DEVELOPEDASTANDARDINSTRUMENTFORIDENTIFYINGTHEREASONSWHYCOMMUNITYORGANIZATIONSSTAGEAFESTIVALINORDERTOANSWERTHEQUESTION“ISTHERATIONALEFORSTAGINGAFESTIVALCONSISTENTWITHTHEBENEFITSTHATVISITORSRECEIVEFROMIT”
