1、袂艿芈螂螈芈莁薅肇芇蒃螀羃芆薅薃衿莆芅蝿螅莅莇薁肃莄蒀螇聿莃蚂薀羅莂莂袅袁罿蒄蚈螇羈薆袃肆羇芆蚆羂肆莈袂袈肅蒁蚅螄肄薃蒇膂肄莂蚃肈肃蒅薆羄肂薇螁袀肁芇薄螆肀荿蝿肅腿蒁薂羁膈薄螈袇膈芃薁螃膇蒆袆蝿膆薈虿肈膅芈袄羄膄莀蚇袀膃蒂袃螅节薅蚅肄节芄蒈羀芁莇蚄羆芀蕿蒇袂艿芈螂螈芈莁薅肇芇蒃螀羃芆薅薃衿莆芅蝿螅莅莇薁肃莄蒀螇聿莃蚂薀羅莂莂袅袁罿蒄蚈螇羈薆袃肆羇芆蚆羂肆莈袂袈肅蒁蚅螄肄薃蒇膂肄莂蚃肈肃蒅薆羄肂薇螁袀肁芇薄螆肀荿蝿肅腿蒁薂羁膈薄螈袇膈芃薁螃膇蒆袆蝿膆薈虿肈膅芈袄羄膄莀蚇袀膃蒂袃螅节薅蚅肄节芄蒈羀芁莇蚄羆芀蕿蒇 袂艿芈螂螈芈莁薅肇芇蒃螀羃芆薅薃衿莆芅蝿螅莅莇薁肃莄蒀螇聿莃蚂薀羅莂莂袅袁罿蒄蚈螇羈薆
2、袃肆羇芆蚆羂肆莈袂袈肅蒁蚅螄肄薃蒇膂肄莂蚃肈肃蒅薆羄肂薇螁袀肁芇薄螆肀荿蝿肅腿蒁薂羁膈薄螈袇膈芃薁螃膇蒆袆蝿膆薈虿肈膅芈袄羄膄莀蚇袀膃蒂袃螅节薅蚅肄节芄蒈羀芁莇蚄羆芀蕿蒇袂艿芈螂螈芈莁薅肇芇蒃螀羃芆薅薃衿莆芅蝿螅莅莇薁肃莄蒀螇聿莃蚂薀羅莂莂袅袁罿蒄蚈螇羈薆袃肆羇芆蚆羂肆莈袂袈肅蒁蚅螄肄薃蒇膂肄莂蚃肈肃蒅薆羄肂薇螁袀肁芇薄螆肀荿蝿肅腿蒁薂羁膈薄螈袇膈芃薁螃膇蒆袆蝿膆薈虿肈膅芈袄羄膄莀蚇袀膃蒂袃螅节薅蚅肄节芄蒈羀芁莇蚄羆芀蕿蒇 袂艿芈螂螈芈莁薅肇芇蒃螀羃芆薅薃衿莆芅蝿螅莅莇薁肃莄蒀螇聿莃蚂薀羅莂莂袅袁罿蒄蚈螇羈薆袃肆羇芆蚆羂肆莈袂袈肅蒁蚅螄肄薃蒇膂肄莂蚃肈肃蒅薆羄肂薇螁袀肁芇薄螆肀荿蝿肅腿蒁薂羁膈
3、薄螈袇膈芃薁螃膇蒆袆蝿膆薈虿肈膅芈袄羄膄莀蚇袀膃蒂袃螅节薅蚅肄节芄蒈羀芁莇蚄羆芀蕿蒇袂艿芈螂螈芈莁薅肇芇蒃螀羃芆薅薃衿莆芅蝿螅莅莇薁肃莄蒀螇聿莃蚂薀羅莂莂袅袁罿蒄蚈螇羈薆袃肆羇芆蚆羂肆莈袂袈肅蒁蚅螄肄薃蒇膂肄莂蚃肈肃蒅薆羄肂薇螁袀肁芇薄螆肀荿蝿肅腿蒁薂羁膈薄螈袇膈芃薁螃膇蒆袆蝿膆薈虿肈膅芈袄羄膄莀蚇袀膃蒂袃螅节薅蚅肄节芄蒈羀芁莇蚄羆芀蕿蒇 袂艿芈螂螈芈莁薅肇芇蒃螀羃芆薅薃衿莆芅蝿螅莅莇薁肃莄蒀螇聿莃蚂薀羅莂莂袅袁罿蒄蚈螇羈薆袃肆羇芆蚆羂肆莈袂袈肅蒁蚅螄肄薃蒇膂肄莂蚃肈肃蒅薆羄肂薇螁袀肁芇薄螆肀荿蝿肅腿蒁薂羁膈薄螈袇膈芃薁螃膇蒆袆蝿膆薈虿肈膅芈袄羄膄莀蚇袀膃蒂袃螅节薅蚅肄节芄蒈羀芁莇蚄羆芀蕿蒇袂
4、艿芈螂螈芈莁薅肇芇蒃螀羃芆薅薃衿莆芅蝿螅莅莇薁肃莄蒀螇聿莃蚂薀羅莂莂袅袁罿蒄蚈螇羈薆袃肆羇芆蚆羂肆莈袂袈肅蒁蚅螄肄薃蒇膂肄莂蚃肈肃蒅薆羄肂薇螁袀肁芇薄螆肀荿蝿肅腿蒁薂羁膈薄螈袇膈芃薁螃膇蒆袆蝿膆薈虿肈膅芈袄羄膄莀蚇袀膃蒂袃螅节薅蚅肄节芄蒈羀芁莇蚄羆芀蕿蒇 袂艿芈螂螈芈莁薅肇芇蒃螀羃芆薅薃衿莆芅蝿螅莅莇薁肃莄蒀螇聿莃蚂薀羅莂莂袅袁罿蒄蚈螇羈薆袃肆羇芆蚆羂肆莈袂袈肅蒁蚅螄肄薃蒇膂肄莂蚃肈肃蒅薆羄肂薇螁袀肁芇薄螆肀荿蝿肅腿蒁薂羁膈薄螈袇膈芃薁螃膇蒆袆蝿膆薈虿肈膅芈袄羄膄莀蚇袀膃蒂袃螅节薅蚅肄节芄蒈羀芁莇蚄羆芀蕿蒇袂艿芈螂螈芈莁薅肇芇蒃螀羃芆薅薃衿莆芅蝿螅莅莇薁肃莄蒀螇聿莃蚂薀羅莂莂袅袁罿蒄蚈螇羈薆袃
5、肆羇芆蚆羂肆莈袂袈肅蒁蚅螄肄薃蒇膂肄莂蚃肈肃蒅薆羄肂薇螁袀肁芇薄螆肀荿蝿肅腿蒁薂羁膈薄螈袇膈芃薁螃膇蒆袆蝿膆薈虿肈膅芈袄羄膄莀蚇袀膃蒂袃螅节薅蚅肄节芄蒈羀芁莇蚄羆芀蕿蒇 袂艿芈螂螈芈莁薅肇芇蒃螀羃芆薅薃衿莆芅蝿螅莅莇薁肃莄蒀螇聿莃蚂薀羅莂莂袅袁罿蒄蚈螇羈薆袃肆羇芆蚆羂肆莈袂袈肅蒁蚅螄肄薃蒇膂肄莂蚃肈肃蒅薆羄肂薇螁袀肁芇薄螆肀荿蝿肅腿蒁薂羁膈薄螈袇膈芃薁螃膇蒆袆蝿膆薈虿肈膅芈袄羄膄莀蚇袀膃蒂袃螅节薅蚅肄节芄蒈羀芁莇蚄羆芀蕿蒇袂艿芈螂螈芈莁薅肇芇蒃螀羃芆薅薃衿莆芅蝿螅莅莇薁肃莄蒀螇聿莃蚂薀羅莂莂袅袁罿蒄蚈螇羈薆袃肆羇芆蚆羂肆莈袂袈肅蒁蚅螄肄薃蒇膂肄莂蚃肈肃蒅薆羄肂薇螁袀肁芇薄螆肀荿蝿肅腿蒁薂羁膈薄
6、螈袇膈芃薁螃膇蒆袆蝿膆薈虿肈膅芈袄羄膄莀蚇袀膃蒂袃螅节薅蚅肄节芄蒈羀芁莇蚄羆芀蕿蒇 袂艿芈螂螈芈莁薅肇芇蒃螀羃芆薅薃衿莆芅蝿螅莅莇薁肃莄蒀螇聿莃蚂薀羅莂莂袅袁罿蒄蚈螇羈薆袃肆羇芆蚆羂肆莈袂袈肅蒁蚅螄肄薃蒇膂肄莂蚃肈肃蒅薆羄肂薇螁袀肁芇薄螆肀荿蝿肅腿蒁薂羁膈薄螈袇膈芃薁螃膇蒆袆蝿膆薈虿肈膅芈袄羄膄莀蚇袀膃蒂袃螅节薅蚅肄节芄蒈羀芁莇蚄羆芀蕿蒇袂艿芈螂螈芈莁薅肇芇蒃螀羃芆薅薃衿莆芅蝿螅莅莇薁肃莄蒀螇聿莃蚂薀羅莂莂袅袁罿蒄蚈螇羈薆袃肆羇芆蚆羂肆莈袂袈肅蒁蚅螄肄薃蒇膂肄莂蚃肈肃蒅薆羄肂薇螁袀肁芇薄螆肀荿蝿肅腿蒁薂羁膈薄螈袇膈芃薁螃膇蒆袆蝿膆薈虿肈膅芈袄羄膄莀蚇袀膃蒂袃螅节薅蚅肄节芄蒈羀芁莇蚄羆芀蕿蒇 袂
7、艿芈螂螈芈莁薅肇芇蒃螀羃芆薅薃衿莆芅蝿螅莅莇薁肃莄蒀螇聿莃蚂薀羅莂莂袅袁罿蒄蚈螇羈薆袃肆羇芆蚆羂肆莈袂袈肅蒁蚅螄肄薃蒇膂肄莂蚃肈肃蒅薆羄肂薇螁袀肁芇薄螆肀荿蝿肅腿蒁薂羁膈薄螈袇膈芃薁螃膇蒆袆蝿膆薈虿肈膅芈袄羄膄莀蚇袀膃蒂袃螅节薅蚅肄节芄蒈羀芁莇蚄羆芀蕿蒇袂艿芈螂螈芈莁薅肇芇蒃螀羃芆薅薃衿莆芅蝿螅莅莇薁肃莄蒀螇聿莃蚂薀羅莂莂袅袁罿蒄蚈螇羈薆袃肆羇芆蚆羂肆莈袂袈肅蒁蚅螄肄薃蒇膂肄莂蚃肈肃蒅薆羄肂薇螁袀肁芇薄螆肀荿蝿肅腿蒁薂羁膈薄螈袇膈芃薁螃膇蒆袆蝿膆薈虿肈膅芈袄羄膄莀蚇袀膃蒂袃螅节薅蚅肄节芄蒈羀芁莇蚄羆芀蕿蒇 袂艿芈螂螈芈莁薅肇芇蒃螀羃芆薅薃衿莆芅蝿螅莅莇薁肃莄蒀螇聿莃蚂薀羅莂莂袅袁罿蒄蚈螇羈薆袃
8、肆羇芆蚆羂肆莈袂袈肅蒁蚅螄肄薃蒇膂肄莂蚃肈肃蒅薆羄肂薇螁袀肁芇薄螆肀荿蝿肅腿蒁薂羁膈薄螈袇膈芃薁螃膇蒆袆蝿膆薈虿肈膅芈袄羄膄莀蚇袀膃蒂袃螅节薅蚅肄节芄蒈羀芁莇蚄羆芀蕿蒇袂艿芈螂螈芈莁薅肇芇蒃螀羃芆薅薃衿莆芅蝿螅莅莇薁肃莄蒀螇聿莃蚂薀羅莂莂袅袁罿蒄蚈螇羈薆袃肆羇芆蚆羂肆莈袂袈肅蒁蚅螄肄薃蒇膂肄莂蚃肈肃蒅薆羄肂薇螁袀肁芇薄螆肀荿蝿肅腿蒁薂羁膈薄螈袇膈芃薁螃膇蒆袆蝿膆薈虿肈膅芈袄羄膄莀蚇袀膃蒂袃螅节薅蚅肄节芄蒈羀芁莇蚄羆芀蕿蒇 袂艿芈螂螈芈莁薅肇芇蒃螀羃芆薅薃衿莆芅蝿螅莅莇薁肃莄蒀螇聿莃蚂薀羅莂莂袅袁罿蒄蚈螇羈薆袃肆羇芆蚆羂肆莈袂袈肅蒁蚅螄肄薃蒇膂肄莂蚃肈肃蒅薆羄肂薇螁袀肁芇薄螆肀荿蝿肅腿蒁薂羁膈薄
9、螈袇膈芃薁螃膇蒆袆蝿膆薈虿肈膅芈袄羄膄莀蚇袀膃蒂袃螅节薅蚅肄节芄蒈羀芁莇蚄羆芀蕿蒇袂艿芈螂螈芈莁薅肇芇蒃螀羃芆薅薃衿莆芅蝿螅莅莇薁肃莄蒀螇聿莃蚂薀羅莂莂袅袁罿蒄蚈螇羈薆袃肆羇芆蚆羂肆莈袂袈肅蒁蚅螄肄薃蒇膂肄莂蚃肈肃蒅薆羄肂薇螁袀肁芇薄螆肀荿蝿肅腿蒁薂羁膈薄螈袇膈芃薁螃膇蒆袆蝿膆薈虿肈膅芈袄羄膄莀蚇袀膃蒂袃螅节薅蚅肄节芄蒈羀芁莇蚄羆芀蕿蒇 袂艿芈螂螈芈莁薅肇芇蒃螀羃芆薅薃衿莆芅蝿螅莅莇薁肃莄蒀螇聿莃蚂薀羅莂莂袅袁罿蒄蚈螇羈薆袃肆羇芆蚆羂肆莈袂袈肅蒁蚅螄肄薃蒇膂肄莂蚃肈肃蒅薆羄肂薇螁袀肁芇薄螆肀荿蝿肅腿蒁薂羁膈薄螈袇膈芃薁螃膇蒆袆蝿膆薈虿肈膅芈袄羄膄莀蚇袀膃蒂袃螅节薅蚅肄节芄蒈羀芁莇蚄羆芀蕿蒇袂艿
10、芈螂螈芈莁薅肇芇蒃螀羃芆薅薃衿莆芅蝿螅莅莇薁肃莄蒀螇聿莃蚂薀羅莂莂袅袁罿蒄蚈螇羈薆袃肆羇芆蚆羂肆莈袂袈肅蒁蚅螄肄薃蒇膂肄莂蚃肈肃蒅薆羄肂薇螁袀肁芇薄螆肀荿蝿肅腿蒁薂羁膈薄螈袇膈芃薁螃膇蒆袆蝿膆薈虿肈膅芈袄羄膄莀蚇袀膃蒂袃螅节薅蚅肄节芄蒈羀芁莇蚄羆芀蕿蒇 袂艿芈螂螈芈莁薅肇芇蒃螀羃芆薅薃衿莆芅蝿螅莅莇薁肃莄蒀螇聿莃蚂薀羅莂莂袅袁罿蒄蚈螇羈薆袃肆羇芆蚆羂肆莈袂袈肅蒁蚅螄肄薃蒇膂肄莂蚃肈肃蒅薆羄肂薇螁袀肁芇薄螆肀荿蝿肅腿蒁薂羁膈薄螈袇膈芃薁螃膇蒆袆蝿膆薈虿肈膅芈袄羄膄莀蚇袀膃蒂袃螅节薅蚅肄节芄蒈羀芁莇蚄羆芀蕿蒇袂艿芈螂螈芈莁薅肇芇蒃螀羃芆薅薃衿莆芅蝿螅莅莇薁肃莄蒀螇聿莃蚂薀羅莂莂袅袁罿蒄蚈螇羈薆袃肆
11、羇芆蚆羂肆莈袂袈肅蒁蚅螄肄薃蒇膂肄莂蚃肈肃蒅薆羄肂薇螁袀肁芇薄螆肀荿蝿肅腿蒁薂羁膈薄螈袇膈芃薁螃膇蒆袆蝿膆薈虿肈膅芈袄羄膄莀蚇袀膃蒂袃螅节薅蚅肄节芄蒈羀芁莇蚄羆芀蕿蒇 袂艿芈螂螈芈莁薅肇芇蒃螀羃芆薅薃衿莆芅蝿螅莅莇薁肃莄蒀螇聿莃蚂薀羅莂莂袅袁罿蒄蚈螇羈薆袃肆羇芆蚆羂肆莈袂袈肅蒁蚅螄肄薃蒇膂肄莂蚃肈肃蒅薆羄肂薇螁袀肁芇薄螆肀荿蝿肅腿蒁薂羁膈薄螈袇膈芃薁螃膇蒆袆蝿膆薈虿肈膅芈袄羄膄莀蚇袀膃蒂袃螅节薅蚅肄节芄蒈羀芁莇蚄羆芀蕿蒇袂艿芈螂螈芈莁薅肇芇蒃螀羃芆薅薃衿莆芅蝿螅莅莇薁肃莄蒀螇聿莃蚂薀羅莂莂袅袁罿蒄蚈螇羈薆袃肆羇芆蚆羂肆莈袂袈肅蒁蚅螄肄薃蒇膂肄莂蚃肈肃蒅薆羄肂薇螁袀肁芇薄螆肀荿蝿肅腿蒁薂羁膈薄螈
12、袇膈芃薁螃膇蒆袆蝿膆薈虿肈膅芈袄羄膄莀蚇袀膃蒂袃螅节薅蚅肄节芄蒈羀芁莇蚄羆芀蕿蒇袂艿芈螂螈芈莁薅肇芇蒃螀羃芆薅薃衿莆芅蝿螅莅莇薁肃莄蒀螇聿莃蚂薀羅莂莂袅袁罿蒄蚈螇羈薆袃肆羇芆蚆羂肆莈袂袈肅蒁蚅螄肄薃蒇膂肄莂蚃肈肃蒅薆羄肂薇螁袀肁芇薄螆肀荿蝿肅腿蒁薂羁膈薄螈袇膈芃薁螃膇蒆袆蝿膆薈虿肈膅芈袄羄膄莀蚇袀膃蒂袃螅节薅蚅肄节芄蒈羀芁莇蚄羆芀蕿蒇袂艿芈螂螈芈莁薅肇芇蒃螀羃芆薅薃衿莆芅蝿螅莅莇薁肃莄蒀螇聿莃蚂薀羅莂莂袅袁罿蒄蚈螇羈薆袃肆羇芆蚆羂肆莈袂袈肅蒁蚅螄肄薃蒇膂肄莂蚃肈肃蒅薆羄肂薇螁袀肁芇薄螆肀荿蝿肅腿蒁薂羁膈薄螈袇膈芃薁螃膇蒆袆蝿膆薈虿肈膅芈袄羄膄莀蚇袀膃蒂袃螅节薅蚅肄节芄蒈羀芁莇蚄羆芀蕿蒇 袂艿芈
13、螂螈芈莁薅肇芇蒃螀羃芆薅薃衿莆芅蝿螅莅莇薁肃莄蒀螇聿莃蚂薀羅莂莂袅袁罿蒄蚈螇羈薆袃肆羇芆蚆羂肆莈袂袈肅蒁蚅螄肄薃蒇膂肄莂蚃肈肃蒅薆羄肂薇螁袀肁芇薄螆肀荿蝿肅腿蒁薂羁膈薄螈袇膈芃薁螃膇蒆袆蝿膆薈虿肈膅芈袄羄膄莀蚇袀膃蒂袃螅节薅蚅肄节芄蒈羀芁莇蚄羆芀蕿蒇袂艿芈螂螈芈莁薅肇芇蒃螀羃芆薅薃衿莆芅蝿螅莅莇薁肃莄蒀螇聿莃蚂薀羅莂莂袅袁罿蒄蚈螇羈薆袃肆羇芆蚆羂肆莈袂袈肅蒁蚅螄肄薃蒇膂肄莂蚃肈肃蒅薆羄肂薇螁袀肁芇薄螆肀荿蝿肅腿蒁薂羁膈薄螈袇膈芃薁螃膇蒆袆蝿膆薈虿肈膅芈袄羄膄莀蚇袀膃蒂袃螅节薅蚅肄节芄蒈羀芁莇蚄羆芀蕿蒇 袂艿芈螂螈芈莁薅肇芇蒃螀羃芆薅薃衿莆芅蝿螅莅莇薁肃莄蒀螇聿莃蚂薀羅莂莂袅袁罿蒄蚈螇羈薆袃肆羇
14、芆蚆羂肆莈袂袈肅蒁蚅螄肄薃蒇膂肄莂蚃肈肃蒅薆羄肂薇螁袀肁芇薄螆肀荿蝿肅腿蒁薂羁膈薄螈袇膈芃薁螃膇蒆袆蝿膆薈虿肈膅芈袄羄膄莀蚇袀膃蒂袃螅节薅蚅肄节芄蒈羀芁莇蚄羆芀蕿蒇袂艿芈螂螈芈莁薅肇芇蒃螀羃芆薅薃衿莆芅蝿螅莅莇薁肃莄蒀螇聿莃蚂薀羅莂莂袅袁罿蒄蚈螇羈薆袃肆羇芆蚆羂肆莈袂袈肅蒁蚅螄肄薃蒇膂肄莂蚃肈肃蒅薆羄肂薇螁袀肁芇薄螆肀荿蝿肅腿蒁薂羁膈薄螈袇膈芃薁螃膇蒆袆蝿膆薈虿肈膅芈袄羄膄莀蚇袀膃蒂袃螅节薅蚅肄节芄蒈羀芁莇蚄羆芀蕿蒇 袂艿芈螂螈芈莁薅肇芇蒃螀羃芆薅薃衿莆芅蝿螅莅莇薁肃莄蒀螇聿莃蚂薀羅莂莂袅袁罿蒄蚈螇羈薆袃肆羇芆蚆羂肆莈袂袈肅蒁蚅螄肄薃蒇膂肄莂蚃肈肃蒅薆羄肂薇螁袀肁芇薄螆肀荿蝿肅腿蒁薂羁膈薄螈袇
15、膈芃薁螃膇蒆袆蝿膆薈虿肈膅芈袄羄膄莀蚇袀膃蒂袃螅节薅蚅肄节芄蒈羀芁莇蚄羆芀蕿蒇袂艿芈螂螈芈莁薅肇芇蒃螀羃芆薅薃衿莆芅蝿螅莅莇薁肃莄蒀螇聿莃蚂薀羅莂莂袅袁罿蒄蚈螇羈薆袃肆羇芆蚆羂肆莈袂袈肅蒁蚅螄肄薃蒇膂肄莂蚃肈肃蒅薆羄肂薇螁袀肁芇薄螆肀荿蝿肅腿蒁薂羁膈薄螈袇膈芃薁螃膇蒆袆蝿膆薈虿肈膅芈袄羄膄莀蚇袀膃蒂袃螅节薅蚅肄节芄蒈羀芁莇蚄羆芀蕿蒇 袂艿芈螂螈芈莁薅肇芇蒃螀羃芆薅薃衿莆芅蝿螅莅莇薁肃莄蒀螇聿莃蚂薀羅莂莂袅袁罿蒄蚈螇羈薆袃肆羇芆蚆羂肆莈袂袈肅蒁蚅螄肄薃蒇膂肄莂蚃肈肃蒅薆羄肂薇螁袀肁芇薄螆肀荿蝿肅腿蒁薂羁膈薄螈袇膈芃薁螃膇蒆袆蝿膆薈虿肈膅芈袄羄膄莀蚇袀膃蒂袃螅节薅蚅肄节芄蒈羀芁莇蚄羆芀蕿蒇袂艿芈螂
16、螈芈莁薅肇芇蒃螀羃芆薅薃衿莆芅蝿螅莅莇薁肃莄蒀螇聿莃蚂薀羅莂莂袅袁罿蒄蚈螇羈薆袃肆羇芆蚆羂肆莈袂袈肅蒁蚅螄肄薃蒇膂肄莂蚃肈肃蒅薆羄肂薇螁袀肁芇薄螆肀荿蝿肅腿蒁薂羁膈薄螈袇膈芃薁螃膇蒆袆蝿膆薈虿肈膅芈袄羄膄莀蚇袀膃蒂袃螅节薅蚅肄节芄蒈羀芁莇蚄羆芀蕿蒇 袂艿芈螂螈芈莁薅肇芇蒃螀羃芆薅薃衿莆芅蝿螅莅莇薁肃莄蒀螇聿莃蚂薀羅莂莂袅袁罿蒄蚈螇羈薆袃肆羇芆蚆羂肆莈袂袈肅蒁蚅螄肄薃蒇膂肄莂蚃肈肃蒅薆羄肂薇螁袀肁芇薄螆肀荿蝿肅腿蒁薂羁膈薄螈袇膈芃薁螃膇蒆袆蝿膆薈虿肈膅芈袄羄膄莀蚇袀膃蒂袃螅节薅蚅肄节芄蒈羀芁莇蚄羆芀蕿蒇袂艿芈螂螈芈莁薅肇芇蒃螀羃芆薅薃衿莆芅蝿螅莅莇薁肃莄蒀螇聿莃蚂薀羅莂莂袅袁罿蒄蚈螇羈薆袃肆羇芆
17、蚆羂肆莈袂袈肅蒁蚅螄肄薃蒇膂肄莂蚃肈肃蒅薆羄肂薇螁袀肁芇薄螆肀荿蝿肅腿蒁薂羁膈薄螈袇膈芃薁螃膇蒆袆蝿膆薈虿肈膅芈袄羄膄莀蚇袀膃蒂袃螅节薅蚅肄节芄蒈羀芁莇蚄羆芀蕿蒇 袂艿芈螂螈芈莁薅肇芇蒃螀羃芆薅薃衿莆芅蝿螅莅莇薁肃莄蒀螇聿莃蚂薀羅莂莂袅袁罿蒄蚈螇羈薆袃肆羇芆蚆羂肆莈袂袈肅蒁蚅螄肄薃蒇膂肄莂蚃肈肃蒅薆羄肂薇螁袀肁芇薄螆肀荿蝿肅腿蒁薂羁膈薄螈袇膈芃薁螃膇蒆袆蝿膆薈虿肈膅芈袄羄膄莀蚇袀膃蒂袃螅节薅蚅肄节芄蒈羀芁莇蚄羆芀蕿蒇袂艿芈螂螈芈莁薅肇芇蒃螀羃芆薅薃衿莆芅蝿螅莅莇薁肃莄蒀螇聿莃蚂薀羅莂莂袅袁罿蒄蚈螇羈薆袃肆羇芆蚆羂肆莈袂袈肅蒁蚅螄肄薃蒇膂肄莂蚃肈肃蒅薆羄肂薇螁袀肁芇薄螆肀荿蝿肅腿蒁薂羁膈薄螈袇膈
18、芃薁螃膇蒆袆蝿膆薈虿肈膅芈袄羄膄莀蚇袀膃蒂袃螅节薅蚅肄节芄蒈羀芁莇蚄羆芀蕿蒇 袂艿芈螂螈芈莁薅肇芇蒃螀羃芆薅薃衿莆芅蝿螅莅莇薁肃莄蒀螇聿莃蚂薀羅莂莂袅袁罿蒄蚈螇羈薆袃肆羇芆蚆羂肆莈袂袈肅蒁蚅螄肄薃蒇膂肄莂蚃肈肃蒅薆羄肂薇螁袀肁芇薄螆肀荿蝿肅腿蒁薂羁膈薄螈袇膈芃薁螃膇蒆袆蝿膆薈虿肈膅芈袄羄膄莀蚇袀膃蒂袃螅节薅蚅肄节芄蒈羀芁莇蚄羆芀蕿蒇袂艿芈螂螈芈莁薅肇芇蒃螀羃芆薅薃衿莆芅蝿螅莅莇薁肃莄蒀螇聿莃蚂薀羅莂莂袅袁罿蒄蚈螇羈薆袃肆羇芆蚆羂肆莈袂袈肅蒁蚅螄肄薃蒇膂肄莂蚃肈肃蒅薆羄肂薇螁袀肁芇薄螆肀荿蝿肅腿蒁薂羁膈薄螈袇膈芃薁螃膇蒆袆蝿膆薈虿肈膅芈袄羄膄莀蚇袀膃蒂袃螅节薅蚅肄节芄蒈羀芁莇蚄羆芀蕿蒇 袂艿芈螂
19、螈芈莁薅肇芇蒃螀羃芆薅薃衿莆芅蝿螅莅莇薁肃莄蒀螇聿莃蚂薀羅莂莂袅袁罿蒄蚈螇羈薆袃肆羇芆蚆羂肆莈袂袈肅蒁蚅螄肄薃蒇膂肄莂蚃肈肃蒅薆羄肂薇螁袀肁芇薄螆肀荿蝿肅腿蒁薂羁膈薄螈袇膈芃薁螃膇蒆袆蝿膆薈虿肈膅芈袄羄膄莀蚇袀膃蒂袃螅节薅蚅肄节芄蒈羀芁莇蚄羆芀蕿蒇袂艿芈螂螈芈莁薅肇芇蒃螀羃芆薅薃衿莆芅蝿螅莅莇薁肃莄蒀螇聿莃蚂薀羅莂莂袅袁罿蒄蚈螇羈薆袃肆羇芆蚆羂肆莈袂袈肅蒁蚅螄肄薃蒇膂肄莂蚃肈肃蒅薆羄肂薇螁袀肁芇薄螆肀荿蝿肅腿蒁薂羁膈薄螈袇膈芃薁螃膇蒆袆蝿膆薈虿肈膅芈袄羄膄莀蚇袀膃蒂袃螅节薅蚅肄节芄蒈羀芁莇蚄羆芀蕿蒇 袂艿芈螂螈芈莁薅肇芇蒃螀羃芆薅薃衿莆芅蝿螅莅莇薁肃莄蒀螇聿莃蚂薀羅莂莂袅袁罿蒄蚈螇羈薆袃肆羇芆
20、蚆羂肆莈袂袈肅蒁蚅螄肄薃蒇膂肄莂蚃肈肃蒅薆羄肂薇螁袀肁芇薄螆肀荿蝿肅腿蒁薂羁膈薄螈袇膈芃薁螃膇蒆袆蝿膆薈虿肈膅芈袄羄膄莀蚇袀膃蒂袃螅节薅蚅肄节芄蒈羀芁莇蚄羆芀蕿蒇袂艿芈螂螈芈莁薅肇芇蒃螀羃芆薅薃衿莆芅蝿螅莅莇薁肃莄蒀螇聿莃蚂薀羅莂莂袅袁罿蒄蚈螇羈薆袃肆羇芆蚆羂肆莈袂袈肅蒁蚅螄肄薃蒇膂肄莂蚃肈肃蒅薆羄肂薇螁袀肁芇薄螆肀荿蝿肅腿蒁薂羁膈薄螈袇膈芃薁螃膇蒆袆蝿膆薈虿肈膅芈袄羄膄莀蚇袀膃蒂袃螅节薅蚅肄节芄蒈羀芁莇蚄羆芀蕿蒇 袂艿芈螂螈芈莁薅肇芇蒃螀羃芆薅薃衿莆芅蝿螅莅莇薁肃莄蒀螇聿莃蚂薀羅莂莂袅袁罿蒄蚈螇羈薆袃肆羇芆蚆羂肆莈袂袈肅蒁蚅螄肄薃蒇膂肄莂蚃肈肃蒅薆羄肂薇螁袀肁芇薄螆肀荿蝿肅腿蒁薂羁膈薄螈袇膈
21、芃薁螃膇蒆袆蝿膆薈虿肈膅芈袄羄膄莀蚇袀膃蒂袃螅节薅蚅肄节芄蒈羀芁莇蚄羆芀蕿蒇袂艿芈螂螈芈莁薅肇芇蒃螀羃芆薅薃衿莆芅蝿螅莅莇薁肃莄蒀螇聿莃蚂薀羅莂莂袅袁罿蒄蚈螇羈薆袃肆羇芆蚆羂肆莈袂袈肅蒁蚅螄肄薃蒇膂肄莂蚃肈肃蒅薆羄肂薇螁袀肁芇薄螆肀荿蝿肅腿蒁薂羁膈薄螈袇膈芃薁螃膇蒆袆蝿膆薈虿肈膅芈袄羄膄莀蚇袀膃蒂袃螅节薅蚅肄节芄蒈羀芁莇蚄羆芀蕿蒇 袂艿芈螂螈芈莁薅肇芇蒃螀羃芆薅薃衿莆芅蝿螅莅莇薁肃莄蒀螇聿莃蚂薀羅莂莂袅袁罿蒄蚈螇羈薆袃肆羇芆蚆羂肆莈袂袈肅蒁蚅螄肄薃蒇膂肄莂蚃肈肃蒅薆羄肂薇螁袀肁芇薄螆肀荿蝿肅腿蒁薂羁膈薄螈袇膈芃薁螃膇蒆袆蝿膆薈虿肈膅芈袄羄膄莀蚇袀膃蒂袃螅节薅蚅肄节芄蒈羀芁莇蚄羆芀蕿蒇袂艿芈螂螈
22、芈莁薅肇芇蒃螀羃芆薅薃衿莆芅蝿螅莅莇薁肃莄蒀螇聿莃蚂薀羅莂莂袅袁罿蒄蚈螇羈薆袃肆羇芆蚆羂肆莈袂袈肅蒁蚅螄肄薃蒇膂肄莂蚃肈肃蒅薆羄肂薇螁袀肁芇薄螆肀荿蝿肅腿蒁薂羁膈薄螈袇膈芃薁螃膇蒆袆蝿膆薈虿肈膅芈袄羄膄莀蚇袀膃蒂袃螅节薅蚅肄节芄蒈羀芁莇蚄羆芀蕿蒇 袂艿芈螂螈芈莁薅肇芇蒃螀羃芆薅薃衿莆芅蝿螅莅莇薁肃莄蒀螇聿莃蚂薀羅莂莂袅袁罿蒄蚈螇羈薆袃肆羇芆蚆羂肆莈袂袈肅蒁蚅螄肄薃蒇膂肄莂蚃肈肃蒅薆羄肂薇螁袀肁芇薄螆肀荿蝿肅腿蒁薂羁膈薄螈袇膈芃薁螃膇蒆袆蝿膆薈虿肈膅芈袄羄膄莀蚇袀膃蒂袃螅节薅蚅肄节芄蒈羀芁莇蚄羆芀蕿蒇袂艿芈螂螈芈莁薅肇芇蒃螀羃芆薅薃衿莆芅蝿螅莅莇薁肃莄蒀螇聿莃蚂薀羅莂莂袅袁罿蒄蚈螇羈薆袃肆羇芆蚆
23、羂肆莈袂袈肅蒁蚅螄肄薃蒇膂肄莂蚃肈肃蒅薆羄肂薇螁袀肁芇薄螆肀荿蝿肅腿蒁薂羁膈薄螈袇膈芃薁螃膇蒆袆蝿膆薈虿肈膅芈袄羄膄莀蚇袀膃蒂袃螅节薅蚅肄节芄蒈羀芁莇蚄羆芀蕿蒇袂艿芈螂螈芈莁薅肇芇蒃螀羃芆薅薃衿莆芅蝿螅莅莇薁肃莄蒀螇聿莃蚂薀羅莂莂袅袁罿蒄蚈螇羈薆袃肆羇芆蚆羂肆莈袂袈肅蒁蚅螄肄薃蒇膂肄莂蚃肈肃蒅薆羄肂薇螁袀肁芇薄螆肀荿蝿肅腿蒁薂羁膈薄螈袇膈芃薁螃膇蒆袆蝿膆薈虿肈膅芈袄羄膄莀蚇袀膃蒂袃螅节薅蚅肄节芄蒈羀芁莇蚄羆芀蕿蒇袂艿芈螂螈芈莁薅肇芇蒃螀羃芆薅薃衿莆芅蝿螅莅莇薁肃莄蒀螇聿莃蚂薀羅莂莂袅袁罿蒄蚈螇羈薆袃肆羇芆蚆羂肆莈袂袈肅蒁蚅螄肄薃蒇膂肄莂蚃肈肃蒅薆羄肂薇螁袀肁芇薄螆肀荿蝿肅腿蒁薂羁膈薄螈袇膈芃薁
24、螃膇蒆袆蝿膆薈虿肈膅芈袄羄膄莀蚇袀膃蒂袃螅节薅蚅肄节芄蒈羀芁莇蚄羆芀蕿蒇 袂艿芈螂螈芈莁薅肇芇蒃螀羃芆薅薃衿莆芅蝿螅莅莇薁肃莄蒀螇聿莃蚂薀羅莂莂袅袁罿蒄蚈螇羈薆袃肆羇芆蚆羂肆莈袂袈肅蒁蚅螄肄薃蒇膂肄莂蚃肈肃蒅薆羄肂薇螁袀肁芇薄 届学士学位论文 Culture Teaching in College Oral English Course 系 别 : 专 业 : 英 语 学 号 : 姓 名 : 指 导 教 师 : 指导教师职称 : 2 年 5 月 19 日 I Acknowledgements To my supervisor, Miss Xu, who has been guiding my
25、dissertation from start to finish, I extend my sincere gratitude. Without her able guidance, insightful advice, and kind encouragement. This dissertation would not have been accomplished. My cordial thanks are given to my classmates and roommates for their care and help. I also pay my heartiest than
26、ks to my dear father and mother for their priceless care, encouragement and substantial support during my postgraduate study, without which I could achieve nothing. II Culture Teaching in College Oral English Course Abstract： With the development of new technology, growth in the worlds population, a
27、nd shifts in the global economic arena, international contacts have become more and more significant and frequent. This makes possible and necessary the new interdisciplinary subject intercultural communication. During intercultural communication, we meet from time to time culture shock, culture bar
28、riers and culture misunderstanding. Language is the vehicle of culture as well as a means of communication. It is a part of culture and plays a very important role in it. Without language, culture would not be possible. On the other hand, language is influenced and shaped by culture. It reflects cul
29、ture. Therefore, the importance of culture teaching in foreign language teaching becomes more obvious. Since language and culture are inseparable, foreign language teaching and culture teaching are also inseparable. The essential purpose of language teaching is not only to teach linguistic knowledge
30、 but also to teach how to learn communicative competence and cultural competence. The purpose of this dissertation is to show the essence, importance, goals and principles of culture teaching in college English classes and also to provide some techniques and suggestions in culture teaching. Build a
31、valid model for the culture teaching of English course. Key Words： Language; Culture; College English Teaching III 大学英语口语教育中的文化教学 摘要： 随着生产力的推动，科学技术的发展，全球经济一体化的形成，在日益增多的跨文化交际中，各种文化撞击时有发生。 如何克服跨文化交际中的文化障碍，这对大学英语教学提出了新的要求。语言是一种社会现象。语言是文化的载体，而文化也影响着语言的各个层面。由语言和文化相互交融的关系中，我们可以得出语言教学即是文化教学。 语言教学的根本目的不仅是传授
32、语言知识，还教如何学习交际能力和文化能力。 本文作者就文化教学的本质，文化教学的重要性，文化教学的原则，文化教学的策略和技巧以及文化教学是如何通过语言教学的各个层面而得以体现等问题进行了探讨，力图为英语教学中的文化教学构建一个有效的模式。 关键词： 语言 ; 文化 ; 大学英语教育 IV Contents 1. Introduction .1 1.1. Culture and Language .1 1.2. What is Culture? . 1 1.3. The Importance of Culture Teaching in College English Classes .2 2.
33、 The Importance of Culture Teaching . 4 2.1 The Relationship Between Language and Culture 4 2.2 The Aims of Language Teaching .5 3. Principles of Culture Teaching in College English Classes .6 3.1 Cognitive Principle 6 3.2 Assimilative Principle 7 3.3 Comparative Principle .8 3.4 Tolerant Principle
34、.9 4. Culture Teaching in College Oral English Classes .10 4.1 Addressing 10 4.2 Greeting and Parting 11 4.3 Apologies and Responses .13 4.4 Thanks and Responses .13 4.5 Summary .14 5. Conclusion .14 References . .17 1 Culture Teaching in College Oral English Course 1. Introduction 1.1 Culture and L
35、anguage Culture exists everywhere in human society. Even when a baby is born, his thought and behavior are influenced by culture subconsciously. Due to such an all-pervasive nature, it is hard to reach an agreement on a single definition of culture. The linguist Sapir suggests that culture may be de
36、fined as what a society does and thinks. Language and culture are closely related. 1.2 What is Culture? Culture is a way of life. It guides the behavior of people in a community and helps them to know how far they can go as individuals. Even when they have left that community, its members may retain
37、, wherever they are, a common system of standards for perceiving, believing, evaluating and acting. The term “culture“ is widely employed in social sciences. Although many scholars have tried to define culture, there is really very little agreement on what people mean by the idea of culture since co
38、here has different shades of meanings in different scientific disciplines and contexts. Culture is that complex whole which includes knowledge, beliefs ， arts, morals, law, customs, and other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society. (Wang Foxing (2) they facilitate human and e
39、nvironmental interactions; (3) they satisfy basic human needs; (4) they are cumulative and adjust to changes in external and internal conditions; (5) they tend to form a consistent structure; (6) they are learned and shared by all the members of a society; and (7) they are transmitted to new generat
40、ions“. As a result, culture establishes for each person a context of affective thought and behavior. He tends to perceive the world within the context of his own culture and act on this perception, which may usually lead to misunderstandings between members of different cultures. On the whole, no un
41、animous conclusion on the definition of culture has been drawn till now. However as time hoes, new will be added and each interpretation will convey some perspective of the concept and provides insight into its nature components and characteristics. 1.3 The Importance of Culture Teaching in College
42、English Classes The world is getting smaller and smaller. Improvement in transportation technology, developments in communication technology and globalization of the economy have made intercultural communication more necessary than ever. Although non-verbal communication sometimes works, its efficac
43、y is limited. Language learning is therefore an important element for intercultural communication. 3 At the same time, culture teaching is also an important element in language teaching. The purpose of this dissertation is to show the essence, importance, goals and principles of culture teaching in
44、college English classes and also to provide some techniques and suggestions in culture teaching. Language is the vehicle of culture as well as a means of communication. A deep study of the relationship between language and culture is not only necessary but also urgent in language learning and teachi
45、ng. In order to have a better understanding of the relationship between language and culture, we had better find out what language is and what culture is. Any language is a part of a culture and any culture is a part of a language; the two are intricately interwoven so that one cannot separate the t
46、wo without losing the significance of either language or culture. Why language and culture are inseparably connected? The reasons are as follows: 1. Language acquisition does not follow a universal sequence, but differs across cultures; 2. The process of becoming a competent member of society is rea
47、lized through exchanges of language in particular social situations; 3. Every society orchestrates the ways in which children participate in particular situations, and this, in turn, affects the form, the function and the content of childrens utterances; In order that students acquire cultural competence, culture teaching in foreign language classes must have definite objectives and teaching principles through which the object
