1、 英语：直接 引语和间接引语 一、区别：直接引语指直接引用别人说的话，有引号。 间接引语指用自己的话转述别人的话。间接引语在多数情况下可构成宾语从句且不要加引号。 二、要点： 直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词 that（可省略）引导，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语都要发生相应的变化。 三、 引导词的选择及语序 1. 陈述句： S + V + that + 陈述语序 (S + V) “That is the trouble”, said Bill. 改为： Bill said _the trouble. 注意 ： that 可省略，但如果是两个或两个以上的宾语从句并
2、列，则第二个 that 不可省略。 He told me (that) he had finished his work and that he would like to have a holiday. 2. 一般疑问句： S + V + if / whether + 陈述语序 (S + V) He asked, “Are you leaving tonight?” 改为： He asked us _leaving that night. 3. 特殊疑问句： S + V + what / who / which / whose / when + 陈述语序 (S + V) “Why did y
3、ou lock the door?” father said to Anne. 改为： Father asked Anne _the door. 四、 时态的一致 1 主句是 过去时 ，变间接引语时， 从句时态向“过去”退一步 ： 直接引语 间接引语 一般现在时 一般过去时 现在进行时 过去进行时 过去进行时 不变 一般过去时 过去完成时 过去完成时 不变 一般将来时 过去将来时 直接引语 间接引语 I work hard. He said that he _ hard. I am working hard. He said that he _ hard. I was working hard
4、. He said that he _ hard. I worked hard. He said that he _ hard. I had worked hard. He said that he _ hard. I am going to work hard. He said that he _ hard. 2直接引语是客观真理时，变成间接引语时时态不变： The teacher said, “The earth goes round the sun.” 改为： The teacher _ _ _ _ noise in the library. 3. 直接引语中有明确表示过去时间状语的，变
5、成间接引语时时态不变： Wei Fang said, “I was born in 1994.” 改为： Wei Fang said _ _ _ born in 1994. 4. 直接引语前面的主句谓语是现在时态，变间接引语时，时态不变： He says, “I have been married for 3 years.” 改为： He said that _ _ _ _ for 3 years. 五、 人称及状语的变化 1 人称变化：“一主二宾三不变” （直接引语中若出现第一人称则看主句主语，第二人称看主句宾语，第三人称无须变） 试 观察： She said to him, “I am v
6、ery hungry.” 改为： She told him that she was very hungry. She said to him, “You are very nice.” 改为： She told him that he was very nice. She said to him, “Lily is very nice.” 改为： She told him that Lily was very nice. 2. 状语与限定词变化：“这这那那，来来 去去” 直接引语 间接引语 this that these those now then today that day tomor
7、row the next day / the following day yesterday the day before / the previous day next year / week / month the next year / week / month last year / night / week the year / night / week before ago before here there come go “I put the key on this table yesterday.” -“ He put the key on that table the da
8、y before.” 六、综合练习 （一） 改写句子（把直接引语改为间接引语） 1.“I am having supper,” he said. 改为： He said that _ _ having supper. 2.“Ive seen the film,” Gina said to me. 改为： Gina _ me that _ _ _ the film. 3.“I went home with my sister,” she said. 改为： She said that _ _ _ home with her sister. 4.The teacher said, “The sun
9、 is bigger than the moon.” 改为： The teacher said that the sun _ bigger than the moon. 5.“I met her yesterday,” he said to me. 改为： He told me thathe _ her _ _ _. 6.“You must come here before five,” he said. 改为： He said thatI _ to go _ before five. 7 “Were you born in 1979?” he said. 改为： He _ me _ I_ b
10、orn in 1979. 8 He said, “You can sit here, Jim.” 改为： He _ Jim that he _ _ _. 9.He asked, “How did you find it, mother?” 改为： Heasked his mother _ _ _ it. 10.“Where have you been these days?” he asked. 改为： Heasked me _ _ _ been _ days. 11.“Do you know where she lives?” he asked. 改为： Heasked _ _ knew w
11、here she _. 12.“Keep quite, children.”he said. 改为： He _ the children _ _ quite. 13.“Dont look out of the window,” she said. 改为： She _ me _ _ _ out of the window. 14.“Are you interested in this?” he said. 改为： He _ I was interested in _. （二）句子翻译： 1. 汤姆说他 2009 年加入了这家驾驶俱乐部。 2. 他告诉我他把书落在房间里了。 3. 凯特问我当天晚上
12、是否陪她看电影。 4. 我的小学英语老师常说熟能生巧。 5. 妈妈问我是怎么修好我的单车的。 6. 老师让学生们别浪费自己的时间。 7. 她说她在等车的时候就读完那本书了。 8. 警察问那个人前天晚上他在公园里都干了些什么 。 9. 他说他求职时已经告诉他们他的故事了。 10. 将军命令所有士兵马上上前线。 参考答案： 三 、 1. that that was 2. whether / if we were 3. why she had locked 四、 2. that the earth goes 3. that she was 4. he has been married 综合练习 :
13、（一） 1. he was 2. told she had seen 3. she had gone 4. is 5. had met; the day before 6. had; there; 7. asked; if / whether; was 8. told; could sit there 9. how she had found 10. where I had; those 11. if / whether I; lived 12. told; to keep 13. told; not to look 14. asked if / whether; that （二） 1. To
14、m said that he joined the driving club in 2009. 2. He told me that he had left his book in his room. 3. Kate asked me if / whether I would go to the cinema with her that evening. 4. My English teacher in the primary school often said that practice makes perfect. 5. My mother asked me how I had repai
15、red my bike. 6. The teacher told the students not to waste their time. 7. She said she had finished reading the book while she was waiting for the bus. 8. The policeman asked the man what he had done in the park the night before. 9. He said that he had told them all about his story when he asked for a job. 10. The general ordered all his soldiers to go to the front line at once.
