1、 一、定语从句的形式 1定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。 2先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫，短语或句子叫先行词。 3关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有 that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等；关系副词有 when, where, why 等。 关系词通常有下列三个作用： A、引导定语从句； B、代替先行词； C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。 例如： The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 该句中
2、， who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句，修饰先行词 the man， “who“是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词 the man，在定语从句中作主语。 二、关系词的选择 1 选用哪个关系词，关键是看关系词在 定语从句 中作什么成分 含有定语从句的复合句可以分为两部分：主句和从句。关系词是定语从句的一个成分。选用关系词，要看关系词在定语从句中作什么成分，而不是看先 行词是什么词性。 句 1： He worked in the factory which produces TV sets. 句 2： He worked in the factory
3、 where his father had worked. 句 3： I like the school which is near to my home. 句 4： I like the school where my sister studies. 在句 1 和句 2 中，先行词前都有 in, 但关系词有用 which 也有用 where 的； 在句 3 和句 4 中，先行词都是 the school, 但关系词有用 which 也有用 where 的。 因此，我们可以看出，对关系词起决定性作用的并不是先行词。 在句 1 和句 3 中，关系词在定语从句中都是作主语，因此用的都是关系代词 w
4、hich； 在句 2 和句 4 中，关系词在定语从句中都是作状语，因此都是用关系副词 where。 我们可以看出， 用哪个关系词，主要看关系词在定语从句中作什么成分 。 2. 选用关系词的方法：一 “找 ”二 “还 ”三 “替换 ” 找：就是找出主句、从句、先行词和关系词。 还：根据先行词提示的意思，大胆地把定语从句还原为完整 的一句话。（可以添词） 替换：用关系词替换定语从句中还原后添加的部分，作主语和宾语用关系代词，作状语用关系副词。（时间状语用 when，地点状语用 where, 原因状语用 why）（同初中时做的“对画线部分提问 ”相似，该用 what 的时候用 which/that
5、即可） 例如： This is the school _ I once studied. This is the school _ is the most famous in the city. I am studying at a school _ my father teaches English. 找：（略） 还原：根据先行词的提示，这三句话的定语从句还原成完整的一句话后分别为： I once studied at the school. The school is the most famous in the city. My father teaches English at the
6、 school. 粗斜体部分为根据先行词的意思把关系词还原后的部分。 替换：根据 “对画线部分提问 ”的规则， 1.和 3.用 where, 2.本 该用 what, 在定语从句中该用 what 的要换为 which/that。 因此，答案为： 1.where； 2. that/which； 3. Where 3. 关系词一般要位于定语从句的句首 The house I grew up _ has been taken down and replaced by an office building. A. in it B. in C. in that D. in which 答案与分析： A
7、没有关系词，不能连接两句话； C 介词后不能用 that； D 关系词一般不位于句末；而 B 可以看作是关系代词作宾语、放在句首并且省略了。因此选 B。 三、 关系代词 关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语和定语 词例 先行词 充当成分 例句 who 人 主语 This is the doctor who saved my life . whom 人 宾语 She is the new student (whom) I want to tell to you . that 人 &物 主语、宾语 （指人相当于 who 或 whom，指物相当于 which） which 物 主 语、宾语 1.Ple
8、ase pass me the book which is lying on the table. 2.The novel (which) Tom bought is very interesting. as 物 主语、宾语 The earth ,as is known to all ,is round. whose=of whomof which 人 &物 定语 The professor whose daughter teaches you English is Dr. Williams 注意 1： 只能用 that 不用 which 或者 who 的情况：先行词前有下列词出现时只能用 t
9、hat “第一个最好的特指人物吗？不一定，有疑问。” 序数词 (the first 等 ) 特指 (the only/the very) 先行词同时有人和物 在 who/which 问句中 形容词最高级 (the best 等 ) 不定代词 (something/nothing/anything/all 等表不确定数量 ) 注意 2： 只能用 which 或者 who 不用 that 的情况 ： 1） 有介词时，介词 +which (介 词只能与 which/whom 连用 ) 2） 在非限定定语从句（有逗号的定语从句） 3） 先行词为 that/those 时： Whats that whi
10、ch is floating on the river? 四、综合练习 （一） 把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句： 1. The fan is on the desk. You want it. _ 2. The man is in the next room. He brought our textbooks here yesterday. _ 3. The magazine is mine. He has taken it away. _ 4. The students will not pass the exam. They dont study hard. _ 5. The
11、 woman is our geography teacher. You saw her in the park. _ 6. The letter is from my sister. I received it yesterday. _ 7. The play was wonderful. We saw it last night. _ 8. The train was late. It was going to Nanning. _ 9. The boy is my brother. He was here a minute ago. _ 10. The tree is quite tal
12、l. He is climbing it. _ 11. John is a very kind-hearted man. You can turn to him for help. _ 12. The book is written by that famous writer. I am very interested in it. _ 13. Tom is the boy. I went to the cinema with him together. _ 14. Have you remembered the factory? We worked in it last year. _ 15
13、. It is the gold diamond. I spent all my money on it. _ 16. The old Olympic Games could date back to 776 BC. The modern games come from it. _ 17. I have nine friends in America. Four of them work as doctors. _ 18. The woman has just won a gold medal. I read about her in the newspaper. _ 19. The hous
14、e is 7 kilometers away. I was born in it. _ 20. This is the very farm. My father used to work on it. _ （二）翻译句子 1.这就是救了孩子生命的医 生 _ 2.她就是我要介绍给你的新学生 _ 3.请递给我摆在桌上的那本书。 _ 4.汤姆买的小说很有意思。 _ 5.你能把昨天谈到的那本杂志借给我吗？ _ 6.那位教授是威廉斯他的女儿教你英语。 _ 7.那辆坏了 轮胎 的自行车现在已经修好了。 _ 8.正在弹钢琴的那位妇女是张小姐。 _ 9.我想看那些刚上映的电影。 _ 10.他们谈起他们所记得起
15、的学校里的人和事，谈了大约有半个小时。 _ 11.我要告诉你我所知道这件事的一切情况。 _ 12.有什么我可以帮助做的事吗？ _ 13.我把你需要的东西都拿来了。 _ 14.这是我看过的最好的一部电影。 _ 15.我们要参观的第一个地方是北京图书馆 _ 参考答案： （一） 把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句： 1. The fan that you want is on the desk. 2. The man who brought our textbooks here yesterday is in next room. 3. The magazine which he has
16、taken away is mine. 4. The students who dont study hard will not pass the exam. 5. The woman you saw in the park is our geography teacher. 6. The letter I received yesterday is from my sister. 7. The play that we saw last night was wonderful. 8. The train which was going to Nanning was late. 9. The
17、boy who was here a minute ago is my brother. 10. The tree he is climbing is quite tall. 11. John is a very kind-hearted man whom you can turn to for help./ John is a very kind-hearted man to whom you can turn for help. 12. The book which I am very interested in is written by that famous writer./ The
18、 book in which I am very interested is written by that famous writer. 13. Tom is the boy whom I went to the cinema with together./ Tom is the boy with whom I went to the cinema together. 14. Have you remembered the factory which we worked in last year?/ Have you remembered the factory in which we wo
19、rked last year? 15. It is the gold diamond which I spent all my money on./ It is the gold diamond on which I spent all my money on. 16. The old Olympic Games which the modern games come from could date back to 776 BC./ The old Olympic Games from which the modern games come could date back to 776 BC.
20、 17. I have nine friends in America, four of whom work as doctors. 18. The woman whom I read about in the newspaper has just won a gold medal./ The woman about whom I read in the newspaper has just won a gold medal. 19. The house which I was born in is 7 kilometers away./ The house in which I was bo
21、rn is 7 kilometers away. 20. This is the very farm that my father used to work on./This is the very farm on which my father used to work. （二） 翻译句子 1. This is the doctor who saved the boys life . 2.She is the new student whom I want to introduce to you . 3.Please pass me the book which is lying on th
22、e table. 4.The novel which Tom bought is very interesting. 5.Can you lend me the magazine which you talked about yesterday? 6.The professor whose daughter teaches you English is Dr. Williams =The professor, the daughter of whom teaches you English, is Dr. Williams. 7.The bike whose brake was damaged
23、 has now been repaired. =The bike the tyre of which was damaged has now been repaired 8.The woman that is playing the piano is Miss Zhang. 9.Id like to see the films that are just on show. 10.They talked for about an hour of things and persons that they remember in the school. 11.Ill tell you all(th
24、at )I know about it . 12.Is there anything (that) I can do for you? 13.Ive brought everything (that )you need. 14.This is the best film that I have seen . 15.The first place that well visit is Beijing Library. 更多试题 下载 ： （在文字上按住 ctrl 即可查看试题） 高考模拟题：高考各科模拟试题【下载 】 历 年高考试题：历年高考各科试题 【下载】 高中试卷频道：高中各年级各科试卷 【下载】 高考 资源库：各年级试题及学习资料 【下载】 高考 资源库：各年级试题及学习资料 【下载】
