ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThis study was prepared by an UNCTAD team, comprised of Clovis Freire (team leader), Abiy Solomon, Maria Godunova, Weijing Ye and Ronak Shahsavar, with contributions from Solomon Anzagra, Thomas Van Giffen, Olivier Combe and Rasim Alam (Harvard Kennedy School). The authors worked under the supervision of Liping Zhang, Chief of the Science, Technology and Innovation Policy Section, and the guidance of ngel Gonzlez Sanz, Head of the Science, Technology and ICT Branch, a